Gene Ontology (GO) Tutorial
... Occasionally, one will come across gene products that have been annotated to Process, Function, and/or Component Unknown. These three terms are used when a curator has looked over the available literature and has found that none of it is adequate to assign a term. A good example is Dab2ip. As shown ...
... Occasionally, one will come across gene products that have been annotated to Process, Function, and/or Component Unknown. These three terms are used when a curator has looked over the available literature and has found that none of it is adequate to assign a term. A good example is Dab2ip. As shown ...
Evolution of Closely Linked Gene Pairs in
... of base pairs between the beginning and/or ends of the transcripts as annotated in Ensembl. In the better annotated genomes, this includes the 5# and 3# untranslated regions (UTR); in poorly annotated genomes, information about the UTRs may be incomplete, and the number of closely linked gene pairs ...
... of base pairs between the beginning and/or ends of the transcripts as annotated in Ensembl. In the better annotated genomes, this includes the 5# and 3# untranslated regions (UTR); in poorly annotated genomes, information about the UTRs may be incomplete, and the number of closely linked gene pairs ...
Genetics of Clubroot Resistance inBrassicaSpecies | SpringerLink
... and CRb are independent of Crr3 and CRk, which are closely linked. Further analysis suggested that Crr1, Crr2, and CRb have similar origins in the ancestral genome as in chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic analysis of clubroot resistance genes in B. oleracea suggests that they are quantita ...
... and CRb are independent of Crr3 and CRk, which are closely linked. Further analysis suggested that Crr1, Crr2, and CRb have similar origins in the ancestral genome as in chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic analysis of clubroot resistance genes in B. oleracea suggests that they are quantita ...
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
... nucleotides at a time • 43 combinations = 64 different combinations of A,T,G,C. – Thus not all combinations of 3 nucleotides produce different amino acids • Redundancy in genetic code. – A SNP in which both alleles lead to the same protein sequence is termed synonymous – If different proteins are pr ...
... nucleotides at a time • 43 combinations = 64 different combinations of A,T,G,C. – Thus not all combinations of 3 nucleotides produce different amino acids • Redundancy in genetic code. – A SNP in which both alleles lead to the same protein sequence is termed synonymous – If different proteins are pr ...
Primer on Molecular Biology
... • Cells store all information to replicate itself • Human genome is around 3 billions base pair long • Almost every cell in human body contains same set of genes • But not all genes are used or expressed by those ...
... • Cells store all information to replicate itself • Human genome is around 3 billions base pair long • Almost every cell in human body contains same set of genes • But not all genes are used or expressed by those ...
Primer on Molecular Biology
... • Cells store all information to replicate itself • Human genome is around 3 billions base pair long • Almost every cell in human body contains same set of genes • But not all genes are used or expressed by those ...
... • Cells store all information to replicate itself • Human genome is around 3 billions base pair long • Almost every cell in human body contains same set of genes • But not all genes are used or expressed by those ...
DNA
... • Cells store all information to replicate itself • Human genome is around 3 billions base pair long • Almost every cell in human body contains same set of genes • But not all genes are used or expressed by those ...
... • Cells store all information to replicate itself • Human genome is around 3 billions base pair long • Almost every cell in human body contains same set of genes • But not all genes are used or expressed by those ...
user guide here
... tools such as tabix and IGV, making it convenient both for direct interpretation and as a starting point for tertiary analysis. For more information, see https://sites.google.com/site/gvcftools/home/about-gvcf. The following conventions are used in the variant caller gVCF files. ...
... tools such as tabix and IGV, making it convenient both for direct interpretation and as a starting point for tertiary analysis. For more information, see https://sites.google.com/site/gvcftools/home/about-gvcf. The following conventions are used in the variant caller gVCF files. ...
SALSA MLPA KIT ME003-A1 Tumor suppressor-3 - MRC
... signal when analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. In contrast, if the sample DNA is methylated, the hemimethylated probe-sample DNA hybrids are prevented from being digested by HhaI and the ligated probes will generate a signal. More information about MS-MLPA can be found in the MS-MLPA protocol. P ...
... signal when analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. In contrast, if the sample DNA is methylated, the hemimethylated probe-sample DNA hybrids are prevented from being digested by HhaI and the ligated probes will generate a signal. More information about MS-MLPA can be found in the MS-MLPA protocol. P ...
Tracing the Thread of Plastid Diversity through the Tapestry of Life
... the plastid genome are encoded in the nuclear genome and must be targeted to the plastid. Three mechanisms underlie this reduction of the plastid genome; gene loss, substitution, and transfer. First, in the case of gene loss, genes that no longer confer a selective advantage in the endosymbiotic env ...
... the plastid genome are encoded in the nuclear genome and must be targeted to the plastid. Three mechanisms underlie this reduction of the plastid genome; gene loss, substitution, and transfer. First, in the case of gene loss, genes that no longer confer a selective advantage in the endosymbiotic env ...
Conservation of Brachyury (T) genes in amphioxus and vertebrates
... with a poly(A) tract of 17 adenine residues, preceded by a polyadenylation signal at position 2228 (the complete nucleotide sequence of AmBra-1 is accessible in the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases under accession number X91903). AmBra-2 contains an insert of approximately 1.8 kb, with the potential to e ...
... with a poly(A) tract of 17 adenine residues, preceded by a polyadenylation signal at position 2228 (the complete nucleotide sequence of AmBra-1 is accessible in the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases under accession number X91903). AmBra-2 contains an insert of approximately 1.8 kb, with the potential to e ...
Arsenite as an Electron Donor for Anoxygenic Photosynthesis
... an arsenite oxidase (i.e., AioBA) and instead uses a different arsenite oxidase enzyme, ArxA (encoded by arxB1 AB2 C), which more closely resembles ArrA than AioA, for oxidizing As(III) to As(V) [11]. ArxB and ArxC are predicted to function as FeS- and membrane-anchoring/quinone-reducing subunits, r ...
... an arsenite oxidase (i.e., AioBA) and instead uses a different arsenite oxidase enzyme, ArxA (encoded by arxB1 AB2 C), which more closely resembles ArrA than AioA, for oxidizing As(III) to As(V) [11]. ArxB and ArxC are predicted to function as FeS- and membrane-anchoring/quinone-reducing subunits, r ...
A Fitness-Independent Evolvability Measure for Evolutionary
... are employed. A method for calculating the Euclidean distance between two genomes of different structures and lengths was suggested in [9], [10]. The basic idea is similar to pairwise gene sequence alignment, where the number of matches is maximized and the number of gaps (mismatches) is minimized. ...
... are employed. A method for calculating the Euclidean distance between two genomes of different structures and lengths was suggested in [9], [10]. The basic idea is similar to pairwise gene sequence alignment, where the number of matches is maximized and the number of gaps (mismatches) is minimized. ...
Mendelian Genetics
... -diploid *Gametes have only one set of chromosomes -haploid *Diploid organisms have homologous chromosomes – pairs that contain the same genes ...
... -diploid *Gametes have only one set of chromosomes -haploid *Diploid organisms have homologous chromosomes – pairs that contain the same genes ...
3-A Notes
... Chromosomes & Inheritance *Each member of the pair is called a homolog – 1 inherited from each parent *Chromosomes that contain different genes & do not pair in meiosis are nonhomologous *Sex chromosomes – represented differently in the 2 sexes - Females have a matched pair (XX) of sex chromosomes ...
... Chromosomes & Inheritance *Each member of the pair is called a homolog – 1 inherited from each parent *Chromosomes that contain different genes & do not pair in meiosis are nonhomologous *Sex chromosomes – represented differently in the 2 sexes - Females have a matched pair (XX) of sex chromosomes ...
Lecture4 - Department of Computer Science
... • Database searches or sequence alignments perform much better if the similarity matrix is based on replacement patterns that correspond to the degree of divergence of the sequences being aligned or discovered. • In database searching, a PAM or Blosum matrix corresponding to an inappropriate degree ...
... • Database searches or sequence alignments perform much better if the similarity matrix is based on replacement patterns that correspond to the degree of divergence of the sequences being aligned or discovered. • In database searching, a PAM or Blosum matrix corresponding to an inappropriate degree ...
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Antonella Spinazzola Nationality
... The study showed that MNGIE results from a deficiency of thymidine phosphorylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible breakdown of thymidine to thymine plus deoxyribose-1-phosphate. The report underlies the importance of understanding the nature and sources of mitochondrial DNA precursor pools s ...
... The study showed that MNGIE results from a deficiency of thymidine phosphorylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible breakdown of thymidine to thymine plus deoxyribose-1-phosphate. The report underlies the importance of understanding the nature and sources of mitochondrial DNA precursor pools s ...
ABSTRACT Using a bioinformatics approach to identify genes that
... protein expression in the retina and to research any diseases the gene is associated with, through MalaCards. Pathway Commons is used to gain more insight into the pathways in which the genes are involved. The result is two annotated lists of ranked genes, one related to non-RP eye phenotypes and o ...
... protein expression in the retina and to research any diseases the gene is associated with, through MalaCards. Pathway Commons is used to gain more insight into the pathways in which the genes are involved. The result is two annotated lists of ranked genes, one related to non-RP eye phenotypes and o ...
Pristionchus pacificus
... frequent and most chromosomes are genetically much larger than 50 cM. In total, the P. pacificus genome has a length of 1026 cM with the caveat that the distal-most markers have not been physically linked to the telomeres yet (Table 1). In addition to the larger genetic size of the P. pacificus geno ...
... frequent and most chromosomes are genetically much larger than 50 cM. In total, the P. pacificus genome has a length of 1026 cM with the caveat that the distal-most markers have not been physically linked to the telomeres yet (Table 1). In addition to the larger genetic size of the P. pacificus geno ...
Evolutionary dynamics of nematode operons
... operon was lost in the common ancestor of C. briggsae, C. remabut used P. pacificus, and B. malayi as outgroups when necessary. nei, and C. brenneri. But no such operons were identified (Fig. 1). ...
... operon was lost in the common ancestor of C. briggsae, C. remabut used P. pacificus, and B. malayi as outgroups when necessary. nei, and C. brenneri. But no such operons were identified (Fig. 1). ...
Meiosis - Myersbiology
... • Genetic costs: in sex, we pass on only half of genes to offspring. • Males are an expensive luxury - in most species they contribute little to rearing offspring. ...
... • Genetic costs: in sex, we pass on only half of genes to offspring. • Males are an expensive luxury - in most species they contribute little to rearing offspring. ...
Molecular Evolution of Overlapping Genes
... protein-coding gene to be a region in the genome, which is transcribed into RNA and eventually translated into a protein. Because it is fairly common that at least one of the five possible overlapping reading frames of any gene (Figure 1.3) will contain an open reading frame (ORF) of a length that m ...
... protein-coding gene to be a region in the genome, which is transcribed into RNA and eventually translated into a protein. Because it is fairly common that at least one of the five possible overlapping reading frames of any gene (Figure 1.3) will contain an open reading frame (ORF) of a length that m ...
A Genome-Wide Survey of the NAC Transcription
... Transcription factors are proteins that modulate gene expression by binding to specific cis-acting promoter elements, thereby activating or repressing the transcription of target genes (Wray et al., 2003). Gene specific transcription factors are DNA-binding regulatory proteins that activate or repre ...
... Transcription factors are proteins that modulate gene expression by binding to specific cis-acting promoter elements, thereby activating or repressing the transcription of target genes (Wray et al., 2003). Gene specific transcription factors are DNA-binding regulatory proteins that activate or repre ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.