e-GRASP: an integrated evolutionary and GRASP
... resource [2]. However, discovered dSNPs vary among studies and they often explain relatively small fractions of the total heritability of the respective disease trait [3]. Here, we have added an evolutionary dimension to the GRASP2 database. We have integrated this resource with evolutionary informa ...
... resource [2]. However, discovered dSNPs vary among studies and they often explain relatively small fractions of the total heritability of the respective disease trait [3]. Here, we have added an evolutionary dimension to the GRASP2 database. We have integrated this resource with evolutionary informa ...
study
... Sexual dimorphism was suggested to evolve due to differential selection on equally expressed traits that become sexually dimorphic and even sex-limited traits [20]. This can lead to the accumulation of genes with different effects on males and females. It is thus expected that the vast majority of s ...
... Sexual dimorphism was suggested to evolve due to differential selection on equally expressed traits that become sexually dimorphic and even sex-limited traits [20]. This can lead to the accumulation of genes with different effects on males and females. It is thus expected that the vast majority of s ...
Nomenclature for factors of the Dog Major
... obtained, and how many clones were sequenced, etc. We will also record the breed of dog in which the sequence was found. This data will not be made public at this time, however, as such information may cause assumptions to be made about the restriction of particular alleles to certain breeds. (This ...
... obtained, and how many clones were sequenced, etc. We will also record the breed of dog in which the sequence was found. This data will not be made public at this time, however, as such information may cause assumptions to be made about the restriction of particular alleles to certain breeds. (This ...
Transcription
... a general non-specific affinity for DNA, which is referred to as loose binding that is fairly stable. • The addition of s factor to the core enzyme markedly reduces the holoenzyme affinity for non-specific binding by 20 000-fold, and enhances the holoenzyme binding to correct promoter sites 100 time ...
... a general non-specific affinity for DNA, which is referred to as loose binding that is fairly stable. • The addition of s factor to the core enzyme markedly reduces the holoenzyme affinity for non-specific binding by 20 000-fold, and enhances the holoenzyme binding to correct promoter sites 100 time ...
Costimulatory receptors in jawed vertebrates: Conserved
... (Tetraodon nigroviridis) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). In zebrafish, it was not possible to find sequences corresponding to exons 3 and 4 (encoding transmembrane and intracytoplasmic region) from the available genome assembly. The Ensembl zebrafish genome assembly (v36) had two copies of CD28 exons 1 and ...
... (Tetraodon nigroviridis) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). In zebrafish, it was not possible to find sequences corresponding to exons 3 and 4 (encoding transmembrane and intracytoplasmic region) from the available genome assembly. The Ensembl zebrafish genome assembly (v36) had two copies of CD28 exons 1 and ...
Article Purifying Selection Maintains Dosage
... (Ross and Peichel 2008), resulting in elevated sequence divergence for the handful of loci that were studied (Peichel et al. 2004). However, it remains unknown whether there are evolutionary strata correlated with the chromosomal rearrangements that have occurred on the Y chromosome. Similar to othe ...
... (Ross and Peichel 2008), resulting in elevated sequence divergence for the handful of loci that were studied (Peichel et al. 2004). However, it remains unknown whether there are evolutionary strata correlated with the chromosomal rearrangements that have occurred on the Y chromosome. Similar to othe ...
Chapter 10: DIPLOIDY
... diploid representations and dominance operators in genetic algorithms applied to nonstationary search problems. Analytical and experimental evidence showed that a diploid GA maintained extra diversity at loci where alternative alleles were emphasized in the recent past [Smith et al. 1992]. In effect ...
... diploid representations and dominance operators in genetic algorithms applied to nonstationary search problems. Analytical and experimental evidence showed that a diploid GA maintained extra diversity at loci where alternative alleles were emphasized in the recent past [Smith et al. 1992]. In effect ...
Review over DNA, RNA, proteins, viruses, bacteria, DNA technology
... Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following: 5. Regulatory proteins stimulate gene expression by binding to DNA and stimulating transcription (positive control) or binding to repressors to inactivate repressor function. LO 3.23 The student can use representa ...
... Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following: 5. Regulatory proteins stimulate gene expression by binding to DNA and stimulating transcription (positive control) or binding to repressors to inactivate repressor function. LO 3.23 The student can use representa ...
Parental Legacy Determines Methylation and Expression of an
... Genomic DNAs extracted from tail samples of carrier mice were digested with Hpall, a restriction endonuclease that cleaves CCGG sequences only when neither cytosine residue is methylated. The resulting transgenic restriction fragment pattern was detected using the standard probe derived from the imm ...
... Genomic DNAs extracted from tail samples of carrier mice were digested with Hpall, a restriction endonuclease that cleaves CCGG sequences only when neither cytosine residue is methylated. The resulting transgenic restriction fragment pattern was detected using the standard probe derived from the imm ...
Complete comparative genomic analysis of two field isolates of
... dispersed throughout the genome, specific regions have a significantly higher density of changes (Fig. 2). The most variable region is located between hr1 and orf31 (bro-c) (v90/4, 15?0–27?1 kb; v90/2, 15?0–28?3 kb). In this 12?1 kb region (7?7 % of the genome), there are 261 of the 521 point mutati ...
... dispersed throughout the genome, specific regions have a significantly higher density of changes (Fig. 2). The most variable region is located between hr1 and orf31 (bro-c) (v90/4, 15?0–27?1 kb; v90/2, 15?0–28?3 kb). In this 12?1 kb region (7?7 % of the genome), there are 261 of the 521 point mutati ...
Ribosome Profiling
... functional proteins [1]. Unlike DNA inside the cell, transcriptome varies according to the requirement of the cell. Therefore, the study of gene expression by analyzing entire transcripts can provide important insights into the spatial and temporal gene regulation inside a cell. Microarray and RNA s ...
... functional proteins [1]. Unlike DNA inside the cell, transcriptome varies according to the requirement of the cell. Therefore, the study of gene expression by analyzing entire transcripts can provide important insights into the spatial and temporal gene regulation inside a cell. Microarray and RNA s ...
the Role of DNA Sequence Data - International Journal of
... divergence levels within and between populations, where each such expectation is the average divergence over all painvise comparisons among cells averaged over all time (14). Thus, the average divergence observed at any one time might be higher or lower than the expected value, depending on how rece ...
... divergence levels within and between populations, where each such expectation is the average divergence over all painvise comparisons among cells averaged over all time (14). Thus, the average divergence observed at any one time might be higher or lower than the expected value, depending on how rece ...
A genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in buccal - VU-DARE
... remain to be elucidated 1. Interestingly, the majority of disease-associated genetic variation is located in regulatory regions of the genome 2, including transcription-factor-occupied regions and DNase I hypersensitive sites (which correspond to open chromatin) 3. This suggests that mechanisms that ...
... remain to be elucidated 1. Interestingly, the majority of disease-associated genetic variation is located in regulatory regions of the genome 2, including transcription-factor-occupied regions and DNase I hypersensitive sites (which correspond to open chromatin) 3. This suggests that mechanisms that ...
Author`s personal copy
... genomics. Though the genome sequences of haloarchaea are increasingly available, the major model haloarchaea include only two species, Halobacterium salinarum and Hfx. volcanii (Leigh et al., 2011), chiefly because most haloarchaea harbor restriction/modification systems that significantly reduce th ...
... genomics. Though the genome sequences of haloarchaea are increasingly available, the major model haloarchaea include only two species, Halobacterium salinarum and Hfx. volcanii (Leigh et al., 2011), chiefly because most haloarchaea harbor restriction/modification systems that significantly reduce th ...
The Arabidopsis RAD51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51D and XRCC2
... Our results provide strong evidence that Arabidopsis XRCC2, RAD51B and RAD51D have complex functions in somatic DNA repair and gene regulation, arguing for further studies of these ancient genes that have been maintained in both plants and animals during their long evolutionary history. ...
... Our results provide strong evidence that Arabidopsis XRCC2, RAD51B and RAD51D have complex functions in somatic DNA repair and gene regulation, arguing for further studies of these ancient genes that have been maintained in both plants and animals during their long evolutionary history. ...
WW Genetic Counselor English - Wonderwise
... What You Will Need for Each Activity Each youth participant should receive a copy of the activities. Listed below are the materials and preparations you will need for each activity. Most of the materials can be purchased locally. The more difficult-to-find items can be purchased from Wonderwise. The ...
... What You Will Need for Each Activity Each youth participant should receive a copy of the activities. Listed below are the materials and preparations you will need for each activity. Most of the materials can be purchased locally. The more difficult-to-find items can be purchased from Wonderwise. The ...
Preparation of single rice chromosome for construction of a DNA
... will provide chromosomal specific sequences for developing genetic markers. In the present study, optical scissors and optical trap were utilized in the isolation of a single chromosome from a metaphase rice cell. Moreover, the isolated chromosome was used for the construction of a rice chromosome-s ...
... will provide chromosomal specific sequences for developing genetic markers. In the present study, optical scissors and optical trap were utilized in the isolation of a single chromosome from a metaphase rice cell. Moreover, the isolated chromosome was used for the construction of a rice chromosome-s ...
Discovery and classification of ecological diversity in the
... divergence levels within and between populations, where each such expectation is the average divergence over all painvise comparisons among cells averaged over all time (14). Thus, the average divergence observed at any one time might be higher or lower than the expected value, depending on how rece ...
... divergence levels within and between populations, where each such expectation is the average divergence over all painvise comparisons among cells averaged over all time (14). Thus, the average divergence observed at any one time might be higher or lower than the expected value, depending on how rece ...
Analysis of clones carrying repeated DNA sequences in two YAC
... libraries is 160 kb and the libraries represent three to four genome equivalents each, while the Yup library contains YACs with an average insert size of 250 kb covering more than five genome equivalents. YAC clones containing 30% of the Arabidopsis genome have already been identified by hybridizati ...
... libraries is 160 kb and the libraries represent three to four genome equivalents each, while the Yup library contains YACs with an average insert size of 250 kb covering more than five genome equivalents. YAC clones containing 30% of the Arabidopsis genome have already been identified by hybridizati ...
NIH Public Access
... Since biochemical analysis of such a large, tightly chromatin bound RNA has been difficult by standard extraction-based approaches, we pursued a different approach to manipulate the binding or release of XIST RNA directly within living cells. This strategy built upon a significant clue from our earl ...
... Since biochemical analysis of such a large, tightly chromatin bound RNA has been difficult by standard extraction-based approaches, we pursued a different approach to manipulate the binding or release of XIST RNA directly within living cells. This strategy built upon a significant clue from our earl ...
Lecture 3: Sequence Alignment
... matrix is the maximum score for any alignments. To compute which alignment actually gives this score, you can start from the bottom left cell, and compare the value with the three possible sources(Choice1, Choice2, and Choice3 above) to see which it came from. If it was Choice1, then A(i) and B(i) a ...
... matrix is the maximum score for any alignments. To compute which alignment actually gives this score, you can start from the bottom left cell, and compare the value with the three possible sources(Choice1, Choice2, and Choice3 above) to see which it came from. If it was Choice1, then A(i) and B(i) a ...
Comparative Analysis of Structural Diversity and
... expressed using the targeting sequence and regulatory elements of the host gene. Surprisingly, sdh3 in Ipomoea, Arabidopsis, and Populus have presequences and introns derived from the mitochondrial chaperonin hsp70. To evaluate the evolutionary timing of the hsp70 region acquisition in each sdh3 gen ...
... expressed using the targeting sequence and regulatory elements of the host gene. Surprisingly, sdh3 in Ipomoea, Arabidopsis, and Populus have presequences and introns derived from the mitochondrial chaperonin hsp70. To evaluate the evolutionary timing of the hsp70 region acquisition in each sdh3 gen ...
The Human Genome Project: Genetic Screening and the
... units called nucleotides, which extend horizontally from the sugarphosphorus chain; the four bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and Cystosine (C).'" There are two sets of the chain-base combination, and the bases from each chain attract each other and always pair up in the exact same w ...
... units called nucleotides, which extend horizontally from the sugarphosphorus chain; the four bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and Cystosine (C).'" There are two sets of the chain-base combination, and the bases from each chain attract each other and always pair up in the exact same w ...
Using an Alu Insertion Polymorphism to Study Human
... Alu is a member of the family of short interspersed elements (SINEs) and is approximately 300 nucleotides in length. Alu owes its name to a recognition site for the endonuclease AluI in its middle. Although Alu is sometimes called a “jumping gene,” it is not properly a gene, because it does not prod ...
... Alu is a member of the family of short interspersed elements (SINEs) and is approximately 300 nucleotides in length. Alu owes its name to a recognition site for the endonuclease AluI in its middle. Although Alu is sometimes called a “jumping gene,” it is not properly a gene, because it does not prod ...
RecA maintains the integrity of chloroplast DNA molecules in
... nuclear genomes of many organisms, including plants (Lin et al., 2006). Repair and recombination of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is suppressed when a dominant-negative version of E. coli RecA is targeted to chloroplasts (Cerutti et al., 1995). The prevalence of chloroplast-ta ...
... nuclear genomes of many organisms, including plants (Lin et al., 2006). Repair and recombination of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is suppressed when a dominant-negative version of E. coli RecA is targeted to chloroplasts (Cerutti et al., 1995). The prevalence of chloroplast-ta ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.