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... rhNRG-1 upregulated the ration of Bcl-2/bax expression and decreased the protein levels of cytochrome c. It was also found that, under DOX treatment, the activity of caspase-3 was increased, and rhNRG-1 significantly reduced the activation. All of these observations are consistent with the results o ...
... rhNRG-1 upregulated the ration of Bcl-2/bax expression and decreased the protein levels of cytochrome c. It was also found that, under DOX treatment, the activity of caspase-3 was increased, and rhNRG-1 significantly reduced the activation. All of these observations are consistent with the results o ...
Positioning and differentiation of veins in the Drosophila wing
... process in which different parts of the disc acquire individual qualities. A major step in the understanding of imaginal disc development was the identification of lineage restrictions that subdivide the wing into compartments, such that the progeny of a group of cells (polyclone) is restricted to a ...
... process in which different parts of the disc acquire individual qualities. A major step in the understanding of imaginal disc development was the identification of lineage restrictions that subdivide the wing into compartments, such that the progeny of a group of cells (polyclone) is restricted to a ...
The early days of plastid retrograde signaling with
... DNA replication, which could have been established during very early stages of chloroplast evolution after the endosymbiotic event, is described above. In addition to DNA replication, along with gene transfer from the chloroplast to the nuclear genome, light-dependent expression of genetic informati ...
... DNA replication, which could have been established during very early stages of chloroplast evolution after the endosymbiotic event, is described above. In addition to DNA replication, along with gene transfer from the chloroplast to the nuclear genome, light-dependent expression of genetic informati ...
A role of SAND-family proteins in endocytosis
... cells residing in the worm’s body cavity, called coelomocytes [cup (coelomocyte uptake defective) screen]. Yolk uptake by maturing oocytes is an example of the receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway in many species. Yolk storage vesicles are thought to be the oocyte equivalent of late endosomes or ly ...
... cells residing in the worm’s body cavity, called coelomocytes [cup (coelomocyte uptake defective) screen]. Yolk uptake by maturing oocytes is an example of the receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway in many species. Yolk storage vesicles are thought to be the oocyte equivalent of late endosomes or ly ...
Genetic Factors That Regulate the Attenuation of the
... 1998, 2002; Garreau et al. 2000). Msn2 nuclear exclusion in unstressed cells is regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (cAPK) phosphorylation. Gorner et al. (2002) used fusion proteins to demonstrate that cAPK acted through at least two domains. Direct phosphorylation of the nuclear import sig ...
... 1998, 2002; Garreau et al. 2000). Msn2 nuclear exclusion in unstressed cells is regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (cAPK) phosphorylation. Gorner et al. (2002) used fusion proteins to demonstrate that cAPK acted through at least two domains. Direct phosphorylation of the nuclear import sig ...
RNA-seq: primary cells, cell lines and heat stress
... HSPB8 serve as chaperones for multiple client proteins with broad effects on cellular pathways. Some of these gene products function in specific responses. For example HSPA5 functions during endoplasmic reticulum stress, while SERPINH1 affects collagen folding and assembly. CHORDC1 binds the nucleot ...
... HSPB8 serve as chaperones for multiple client proteins with broad effects on cellular pathways. Some of these gene products function in specific responses. For example HSPA5 functions during endoplasmic reticulum stress, while SERPINH1 affects collagen folding and assembly. CHORDC1 binds the nucleot ...
An emerging role for prdm family genes in dorsoventral patterning of
... identification in the Positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1 (formerly PRDI-BF1/Blimp-1, now Prdm1) and the Retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (formerly Riz1, now Prdm2) factors [3–6]. While Prdm proteins may function differently in different contexts, emerging evidence ...
... identification in the Positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1 (formerly PRDI-BF1/Blimp-1, now Prdm1) and the Retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (formerly Riz1, now Prdm2) factors [3–6]. While Prdm proteins may function differently in different contexts, emerging evidence ...
Small and stable peptidic PEGylated quantum dots to - HAL
... their hydrodynamic diameter is between 20 to 30 nm following complexation with the histag protein. Since intracellular trafficking of nanoparticles21 and their access to crowded cellular environments22 are strongly influenced by their size, it is important to develop strategies in order to reduce t ...
... their hydrodynamic diameter is between 20 to 30 nm following complexation with the histag protein. Since intracellular trafficking of nanoparticles21 and their access to crowded cellular environments22 are strongly influenced by their size, it is important to develop strategies in order to reduce t ...
How signaling modalities link oogenesis to
... Actin binding protein mobilization during follicle activation ...
... Actin binding protein mobilization during follicle activation ...
Diabetes and Insulin Signaling - National Center for Case Study
... “Yeah it looks like you did a great job on identifying the different components of a signaling pathway. You have both the long-term and short-term effects on one bar. Can you tell me which effect can be categorized as a long-term effect and which can be a short-term effect?” “The long-term effect is ...
... “Yeah it looks like you did a great job on identifying the different components of a signaling pathway. You have both the long-term and short-term effects on one bar. Can you tell me which effect can be categorized as a long-term effect and which can be a short-term effect?” “The long-term effect is ...
Transcriptional regulation is only half the story
... Crick, posits a flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein. Although the Human Genome Project has helped elucidate the first step in this cascade, the relationship between mRNA abundance and protein abundance has resisted systematic quantification, especially in higher eukaryotes. In their recen ...
... Crick, posits a flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein. Although the Human Genome Project has helped elucidate the first step in this cascade, the relationship between mRNA abundance and protein abundance has resisted systematic quantification, especially in higher eukaryotes. In their recen ...
BIO00011C Cell and Developmental Biology
... answers got that there was some competition for cellular machinery but the details on the MTOC tended to be vague. To get full marks I wanted some statement about selective pressure favouring evolution of flagellate and nonflagellate cells in primitive multicellular eukaryotes. Some answers ...
... answers got that there was some competition for cellular machinery but the details on the MTOC tended to be vague. To get full marks I wanted some statement about selective pressure favouring evolution of flagellate and nonflagellate cells in primitive multicellular eukaryotes. Some answers ...
Mutational analysis of the early f orespore/mother
... in SpollGA (the receptor) were chosen based on the predicted topology of the protein when associated with the cell membrane. The results showed that a residue near the N terminus (D6), predicted to be exposed outside the cell, is required for receptor activity, whereas the major extracellular loop ( ...
... in SpollGA (the receptor) were chosen based on the predicted topology of the protein when associated with the cell membrane. The results showed that a residue near the N terminus (D6), predicted to be exposed outside the cell, is required for receptor activity, whereas the major extracellular loop ( ...
Protein
... glucagon) that activates formation of cAMP or IP3, binds at the cell surface to a receptor with 7 transmembrane αhelices. Rhodopsin was the first member of the family of 7-helix receptors to have its structure determined by X-ray crystallography. Rhodopsin ...
... glucagon) that activates formation of cAMP or IP3, binds at the cell surface to a receptor with 7 transmembrane αhelices. Rhodopsin was the first member of the family of 7-helix receptors to have its structure determined by X-ray crystallography. Rhodopsin ...
Managing people in sport organisations: A strategic
... multiprotein complex including APC, Axin, and other proteins, which exert a negative effect both through the cytoplasmic sequestration of βcatenin and by targeting it for destruction by the proteasome through phosphorylation. (B) In the presence of Wnt ligand, the Frizzled receptor and LRP5/6 form a ...
... multiprotein complex including APC, Axin, and other proteins, which exert a negative effect both through the cytoplasmic sequestration of βcatenin and by targeting it for destruction by the proteasome through phosphorylation. (B) In the presence of Wnt ligand, the Frizzled receptor and LRP5/6 form a ...
Complement, Age-Related Macular Degeneration and a Vision of
... A number of strategies for modulating the complement system are being considered for use in the treatment of various stages of age-related macular degeneration. These include, in general, approaches to (1) inhibit activation and the assembly of convertases, (2) promote the decay and proteolysis of m ...
... A number of strategies for modulating the complement system are being considered for use in the treatment of various stages of age-related macular degeneration. These include, in general, approaches to (1) inhibit activation and the assembly of convertases, (2) promote the decay and proteolysis of m ...
OPEN STOMATA1 opens the door to ABA signaling in Arabidopsis
... anion channels that mediate Cl2 and malate22 loss during stomatal closure are inhibited and activated by elevated cytosolic Ca2þ, respectively, it would be useful to assess to what extent altered ABA- and Ca2þ- regulation of these ion channels is responsible for the ost1 mutant phenotype. Besides pr ...
... anion channels that mediate Cl2 and malate22 loss during stomatal closure are inhibited and activated by elevated cytosolic Ca2þ, respectively, it would be useful to assess to what extent altered ABA- and Ca2þ- regulation of these ion channels is responsible for the ost1 mutant phenotype. Besides pr ...
A C. elegans mediator protein confers regulatory selectivity on
... DNA and affect the function of a cis-acting transcriptional regulatory element, or it might act at the level of RNA and affect splicing or some other aspect of RNA function. According to the first model, the intron is necessary for gene expression, whereas under the second model, if the mutation blo ...
... DNA and affect the function of a cis-acting transcriptional regulatory element, or it might act at the level of RNA and affect splicing or some other aspect of RNA function. According to the first model, the intron is necessary for gene expression, whereas under the second model, if the mutation blo ...
A mutation in the nucleoporin-107 gene causes XX gonadal
... In Drosophila, each adult ovary consists of 15 to 20 parallel ovarioles, which contain a series of sequentially developing follicles called egg chambers (reviewed in refs. 19, 20). Each Drosophila oocyte develops within an egg chamber that contains both germ cells and somatic cells. Somatic follicle ...
... In Drosophila, each adult ovary consists of 15 to 20 parallel ovarioles, which contain a series of sequentially developing follicles called egg chambers (reviewed in refs. 19, 20). Each Drosophila oocyte develops within an egg chamber that contains both germ cells and somatic cells. Somatic follicle ...
Gene Section MIER1 (mesoderm induction early response 1 homolog (Xenopus laevis))
... retained in the cytoplasm of the pre-gastrula Xenopus embryo. MIER1alpha is cytoplasmic in most cell types, but localized in the nucleus in normal mammary ductal epithelium. During progression to invasive breast carcinoma, its subcellular localization shifts from nuclear to exclusively cytoplasmic. ...
... retained in the cytoplasm of the pre-gastrula Xenopus embryo. MIER1alpha is cytoplasmic in most cell types, but localized in the nucleus in normal mammary ductal epithelium. During progression to invasive breast carcinoma, its subcellular localization shifts from nuclear to exclusively cytoplasmic. ...
Biological AFM Setup
... media, but later as the fibers form, the nonstructural aggregates disperse. Also, the protein oligomers stack up next to each other. Moreover, another vital discovery is that more salt enables this protein to grow. Significant progress has been made as there are very few studies published on the str ...
... media, but later as the fibers form, the nonstructural aggregates disperse. Also, the protein oligomers stack up next to each other. Moreover, another vital discovery is that more salt enables this protein to grow. Significant progress has been made as there are very few studies published on the str ...
NCBI%20Sequence%20Analysis[1]
... 3. Do the orders of the top four make sense in light of the types of organisms that are closely aligned with your BLAST searches? Explain. 4. Why doesn’t the order of organisms stay the same regardless of the protein analyzed? Explain this in detail! 5. What is a molecular clock, why is it useful an ...
... 3. Do the orders of the top four make sense in light of the types of organisms that are closely aligned with your BLAST searches? Explain. 4. Why doesn’t the order of organisms stay the same regardless of the protein analyzed? Explain this in detail! 5. What is a molecular clock, why is it useful an ...
Supplementary figure legends
... see Table S6. c, Fraction of cells with more than 4N DNA. Cytokinesis defects would in general only be detectable by flow cytometry when two successive rounds of replication occur that bring the DNA content up to 8N. Such effects were observed with known cytokinesis regulators, such as Scraps (Fig. ...
... see Table S6. c, Fraction of cells with more than 4N DNA. Cytokinesis defects would in general only be detectable by flow cytometry when two successive rounds of replication occur that bring the DNA content up to 8N. Such effects were observed with known cytokinesis regulators, such as Scraps (Fig. ...
Document
... prevents folding Guides it to SecA, which drives it through SecYEG into periplasm using ATP In periplasm signal peptide is removed and protein folds ...
... prevents folding Guides it to SecA, which drives it through SecYEG into periplasm using ATP In periplasm signal peptide is removed and protein folds ...
Full text
... Figure 1. Loss of the v0a1-dependent degradation pathway increases susceptibility to neurotoxic insults by human Aβ and tau proteins. (A) Representative ERG recording for at least n = 20 three day-old flies of the genotypes indicated and raised at room temperature under constant light stimulation. ...
... Figure 1. Loss of the v0a1-dependent degradation pathway increases susceptibility to neurotoxic insults by human Aβ and tau proteins. (A) Representative ERG recording for at least n = 20 three day-old flies of the genotypes indicated and raised at room temperature under constant light stimulation. ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denticlebands.png?width=300)
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.