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Adaptation of Microorganisms to Cold Temperatures, Weak Acid
Adaptation of Microorganisms to Cold Temperatures, Weak Acid

... ABSTRACT: The application of physical stress to microorganisms is the most widely used method to induce cell inactivation and promote food stability. To survive, microorganisms have evolved both physiological and genetic mechanisms to tolerate some extreme physical conditions. This is clearly of sig ...
Characterization of the ftsYEX operon of Escherichia coli
Characterization of the ftsYEX operon of Escherichia coli

... and his colleagues described a eukaryotic system in which a signal sequence, or "zip code", of a nascent polypeptide is recognized by a ribonucleic particle and escorted to a receptor or docking protein. The targeted protein would then be exported across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum int ...
Mechanisms underlying the essential role of mitochondrial
Mechanisms underlying the essential role of mitochondrial

... The age-related accumulation of TAGs in LDs is a longevity assurance process that extends yeast chronological lifespan independently of the network that integrates ceramide/ sphingolipid synthesis with nutrient-sensing signaling pathways and protein kinases [69, 70]. TAGs may delay yeast chronologic ...
Molecular Clocks
Molecular Clocks

... • Deamidation also has a role in cataracts, The rate of this reaction is preset by the sequence and structure of the peptide or protein and associated peptides or proteins as genetically specified in the DNA. The rate may also be modified by changes in protein structure and solvent conditions in-viv ...
A wide-range phylogenetic analysis of Zic proteins: Implications for
A wide-range phylogenetic analysis of Zic proteins: Implications for

... against current databases. We found no obvious Zic ...
Sequence and Tissue Distribution of a Second Protein of Hepatic
Sequence and Tissue Distribution of a Second Protein of Hepatic

... Mr protein of eye lens (Nicholson et al., 1985, 1987; Kistler et al., 1988) and comparisons of the complete sequences deduced from the cDNAs of Cx32 (Paul, 1986; Kumar and Gilula, 1986), Cx43 (Beyer et al., 1987), and Cx26 (here). In contrast, a given connexin is relatively well conserved between s ...
List of abbreviations
List of abbreviations

... and developing countries. According to the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), NI/HAI can be described as an infection which occurs in a period of 48 hours, not having been present at the time of patient hospitalization admission, or within 48 hours after discharge, and ...
The Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi Apparatus

... • Golgi apparatus – the only organelle which captivated scientist initially by suspicion, later by structural and functional complexity; • Shows ultrastructural polarity, but also a biochemical one between cisterns; • Acts in a step by step well ordered manner; • Functions as a turntable maturing, s ...
Clockwork green—the circadian oscillator in
Clockwork green—the circadian oscillator in

... behaviour is the cyclic manifestation of cellular components. Rhythmically expressed proteins form a basic oscillator which in turn passes timing information to downstream components and in this way elicits rhythmicity in their expression or activity (Dunlap 1999). Like the well-described oscillator ...
Reprogramming the Genetic Code: From Triplet to Quadruplet Codes
Reprogramming the Genetic Code: From Triplet to Quadruplet Codes

Journal of Biological Chemistry
Journal of Biological Chemistry

... upon amino acid incorporation into protein of the liver ribosome system (Table II) just as effectively as it does the decrease in hepatic ATP concentration induced by the same analogue (3). These results tend to implicate cellular BTP deficiency as being important in the inhibition of protein synthe ...
amino acids M
amino acids M

... 2o : Local structures which include, folds, turns, helices and b -sheets held in place by hydrogen bonds. 3o : 3-D arrangement of all atoms in a single polypeptide chain. 4o : Arrangement of polypeptide chains into a functional protein, eg. hemoglobin. ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants

... such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and potassium, are taken up from the soil as inorganic materials, assimilated into organic compounds and transported through the plant depending on the balance between nutrient availability and the concentrations of the assimilated forms. The ...
Protein targeting, translocation and Escherichia coli  Proteomic analysis of substrate-pathway relationships
Protein targeting, translocation and Escherichia coli Proteomic analysis of substrate-pathway relationships

... minimizes the energetic cost for lipids to exist in a polar, aqueous environment. The hydrophobic core region makes the bilayer impermeable by blocking passage of polar molecules. Membrane lipids have different properties depending on the chemical composition of their head and tail regions. The hea ...
Purification, Cloning, and Functional Characterization of a Novel
Purification, Cloning, and Functional Characterization of a Novel

Structure based hypothesis of a mitochondrial
Structure based hypothesis of a mitochondrial

... of Ser-195 to glycine in mtRF1, most likely to accommodate the inserted threonine side chain. It should be noted that this is also one of the identified critical changes between mtRF1 and mtRF1a that we identified. The altered loop conformation that results from the RTinsert seems to completely bloc ...
Molecular assembly of the period-cryptochrome circadian
Molecular assembly of the period-cryptochrome circadian

... activity of CLOCK and BMAL1, helping to reduce the rate at which the circadian genes are transcribed as the day progresses. Nangle et al. provide new insights into how the Period and Cryptochrome proteins interact with each other, using X-ray crystallography to reveal the molecular level details of ...
Conserved mechanisms of Ras regulation of evolutionary
Conserved mechanisms of Ras regulation of evolutionary

... Figure 3), whereas the individual activation domains RI and RIII alone had very low activity [less than twothreefold, compare G-RI and G-RIII with GaI4 (1 ± 147) and see (Schneikert et al., 1992)]. The regulatory domain RII was inactive on its own (G-RII), whereas combining it with RI or RIII led to ...
Characterization and the role of carbonic anhydrase
Characterization and the role of carbonic anhydrase

... for carbonic anhydrase activity within the carboxysome to convert the bicarbonate to carbon dioxide, and a simultaneous requirement that minimal carbonic anhydrase activity be found within the cystol. The CAs are ubiquitous metallo enzymes (mainly Zn) that catalyzes the quick reversible hydration re ...
Molecular mechanisms of complement evasion: learning from
Molecular mechanisms of complement evasion: learning from

... killing. In addition, new structural data have provided detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms of host defence mediated by the complement system and how bacterial proteins interfere with this process. This information is fundamental to our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis and may fac ...
Expanding the Genetic Code
Expanding the Genetic Code

... of amino acids in the code,[1–3] it is clear that proteins require additional chemical groups to carry out their natural functions. These groups are provided through posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, and hydroxylation; cofactors; and in rare cases, ...
Biosynthesis of lipoxygenase, lipids and its fatty acid composition of
Biosynthesis of lipoxygenase, lipids and its fatty acid composition of

... massasporeus 36 decreased during growth under usage of the M-1 medium; the level of lipoxygenase activity was lower too (Table 3). Similar data were obtained, using C. utilis, growing on different media (Table 4). The unsaturated fatty acids content reached 78.69%, lipoxygenase activity – 1.17 u/mg ...
fulltekst
fulltekst

... All complex organisms, like an animal or a plant, are built up of small specified cells forming different tissues that together create the organism. Within its cell nucleus, each cell contains identical genomic material that describes the construction of different proteins performing different funct ...
REVIEWS Structural insights into the function of the
REVIEWS Structural insights into the function of the

PDF
PDF

... gives rise to an approx, g = 5 EPR signal [12]. This unusual property is thought to be related to the partial non-cysteinyl coordination to the cluster, a property not shared by the ferredoxin of the hyperthermophile T. litoralis (see Fig. 3). ...
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Magnesium transporter

This page links directly from the magnesium in biological systems page.Magnesium transporters are proteins that transport magnesium across the cell membrane. All forms of life require magnesium, yet the molecular mechanisms of Mg2+ uptake from the environment and the distribution of this vital element within the organism are only slowly being elucidated.In bacteria, Mg2+ is probably mainly supplied by the CorA protein and, where the CorA protein is absent, by the MgtE protein. In yeast the initial uptake is via the Alr1p and Alr2p proteins, but at this stage the only internal Mg2+ distributing protein identified is Mrs2p. Within the protozoa only one Mg2+ transporter (XntAp) has been identified. In metazoa, Mrs2p and MgtE homologues have been identified, along with two novel Mg2+ transport systems TRPM6/TRPM7 and PCLN-1. Finally, in plants, a family of Mrs2p homologues has been identified along with another novel protein, AtMHX.
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