The Membrane Steps of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis as Antibiotic
... phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide moiety from UDP-Mpp to C55-P and yields uridine-monophosphate (UMP) and undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-MurNAc-pentapeptide, typically referred to as Lipid I [8]. Although the use of C55-P as the lipid carrier is the common rule in bacteria, there is evidence that the shorter ...
... phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide moiety from UDP-Mpp to C55-P and yields uridine-monophosphate (UMP) and undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-MurNAc-pentapeptide, typically referred to as Lipid I [8]. Although the use of C55-P as the lipid carrier is the common rule in bacteria, there is evidence that the shorter ...
H. Heldt
... C4 metabolism of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type 231 Kranz-anatomy with its mesophyll and bundle sheath cells is not an obligatory requirement for C4 metabolism 233 Enzymes of C4 metabolism are regulated by light 233 Products of C4 metabolism can be identified by mass spectrometry 234 C4 ...
... C4 metabolism of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type 231 Kranz-anatomy with its mesophyll and bundle sheath cells is not an obligatory requirement for C4 metabolism 233 Enzymes of C4 metabolism are regulated by light 233 Products of C4 metabolism can be identified by mass spectrometry 234 C4 ...
Plant Biochemistry
... C4 metabolism of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type 231 Kranz-anatomy with its mesophyll and bundle sheath cells is not an obligatory requirement for C4 metabolism 233 Enzymes of C4 metabolism are regulated by light 233 Products of C4 metabolism can be identified by mass spectrometry 234 C4 ...
... C4 metabolism of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type 231 Kranz-anatomy with its mesophyll and bundle sheath cells is not an obligatory requirement for C4 metabolism 233 Enzymes of C4 metabolism are regulated by light 233 Products of C4 metabolism can be identified by mass spectrometry 234 C4 ...
Sun J, Ke J, Johnson JL, Nikolau BJ, Wurtele ES
... acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) of Arabidopsis fhaliana i s coded by a single gene (CACZ), which i s interrupted by 15 introns. The cDNA encodes a deduced protein of 537 amino acids with an apparent N-terminal chloroplast-targeting transit peptide. Antibodies generated to a glutathione S-tran ...
... acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) of Arabidopsis fhaliana i s coded by a single gene (CACZ), which i s interrupted by 15 introns. The cDNA encodes a deduced protein of 537 amino acids with an apparent N-terminal chloroplast-targeting transit peptide. Antibodies generated to a glutathione S-tran ...
Translocation of Structural P Proteins in the Phloem
... Figure 5. RT-PCR Gel Blot Analyses of Cucurbita PP1 and PP2 mRNAs from Intergeneric Grafts of Cucumis sativus Scions on Cucurbita maxima or Cucurbita ficifolia Stocks. RT-PCR products generated from total RNA with 59 and 39 primers that flank the protein coding sequences of genes encoding PP1 and PP ...
... Figure 5. RT-PCR Gel Blot Analyses of Cucurbita PP1 and PP2 mRNAs from Intergeneric Grafts of Cucumis sativus Scions on Cucurbita maxima or Cucurbita ficifolia Stocks. RT-PCR products generated from total RNA with 59 and 39 primers that flank the protein coding sequences of genes encoding PP1 and PP ...
- Wiley Online Library
... [2^4]. Notably, this reaction can also be regarded as a dissimilatory process because it serves an NAD(P)-regenerating function [1]. In contrast to dissimilatory nitrite reduction, respiratory nitrite reduction is coupled to the generation of an electrochemical proton potential (vp) across the membr ...
... [2^4]. Notably, this reaction can also be regarded as a dissimilatory process because it serves an NAD(P)-regenerating function [1]. In contrast to dissimilatory nitrite reduction, respiratory nitrite reduction is coupled to the generation of an electrochemical proton potential (vp) across the membr ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
... However, there are still organisms that can grow anaerobically, and even those that can survive under both conditions. The question is what the difference is between these organisms. Why can some grow only in the presence of molecular oxygen, some only in the absence, and are some able to withstand ...
... However, there are still organisms that can grow anaerobically, and even those that can survive under both conditions. The question is what the difference is between these organisms. Why can some grow only in the presence of molecular oxygen, some only in the absence, and are some able to withstand ...
Engineering subunit association of multisubunit proteins
... the high hydrophobicity of the dimer–dimer interface, which would be exposed to solvent in a dimeric streptavidin, suggests that the resulting molecule would have very low solubility in aqueous media. In agreement with the calculations, a streptavidin containing the H127D mutation formed insoluble a ...
... the high hydrophobicity of the dimer–dimer interface, which would be exposed to solvent in a dimeric streptavidin, suggests that the resulting molecule would have very low solubility in aqueous media. In agreement with the calculations, a streptavidin containing the H127D mutation formed insoluble a ...
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SYNAPTONEMAL
... called synapsed if they are connected by this tripartite structure. The assembly and disassembly of the SC closely correlates with the chromatin rearrangements of meiotic prophase: early in meiotic prophase (leptotene) proteinaceous axes are formed along the chromosomes; the axes of homologous chrom ...
... called synapsed if they are connected by this tripartite structure. The assembly and disassembly of the SC closely correlates with the chromatin rearrangements of meiotic prophase: early in meiotic prophase (leptotene) proteinaceous axes are formed along the chromosomes; the axes of homologous chrom ...
Interaction of PIN and PGP transport mechanisms in auxin
... Transport-based asymmetric auxin distribution within tissues (auxin gradients) plays an important role in many developmental processes, including patterning and tropisms (reviewed by Tanaka et al., 2006). Because the auxin molecule is charged inside cells and, thus, membrane impermeable, its interce ...
... Transport-based asymmetric auxin distribution within tissues (auxin gradients) plays an important role in many developmental processes, including patterning and tropisms (reviewed by Tanaka et al., 2006). Because the auxin molecule is charged inside cells and, thus, membrane impermeable, its interce ...
Eubacteria, and Eukaryotes Relationships
... discovery of archaebacteria was initially based mainly on the 16S rRNA (oligonucleotide) sequences and phylogeny. However, during the past 10 years, much new information on different gene sequences, including the entire genomes of several prokaryotic and eukaryotic species, has accumulated (15, 26, ...
... discovery of archaebacteria was initially based mainly on the 16S rRNA (oligonucleotide) sequences and phylogeny. However, during the past 10 years, much new information on different gene sequences, including the entire genomes of several prokaryotic and eukaryotic species, has accumulated (15, 26, ...
Study of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) as
... May the reader take note that I have chosen to present this thesis in a manuscript-based format, where it has been included the text of two full papers. The first paper entitled: “Protein tyrosine nitration in the ventilatory muscles: Role of nitric oxide synthases” is presented in its galley proof ...
... May the reader take note that I have chosen to present this thesis in a manuscript-based format, where it has been included the text of two full papers. The first paper entitled: “Protein tyrosine nitration in the ventilatory muscles: Role of nitric oxide synthases” is presented in its galley proof ...
Plant Peroxisomes: Biogenesis and Function
... this model, peroxisomes, like chloroplasts and mitochondria, were considered fully autonomous, increasing in size by posttranslational import of protein constituents from the cytosol and forming only from the division of preexisting organelles (Figure 1B). The ER was thought to serve only as a sourc ...
... this model, peroxisomes, like chloroplasts and mitochondria, were considered fully autonomous, increasing in size by posttranslational import of protein constituents from the cytosol and forming only from the division of preexisting organelles (Figure 1B). The ER was thought to serve only as a sourc ...
... & Mandal, 2012). They are a large and diverse group of proteins that have the ability to bind reversibly to monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, which can be defined as a class of structurally diverse proteins or glycoproteins (Sharon, 2008). These proteins are widely distributed in nature, being f ...
Gre factors-mediated control of hilD transcription is essential for the
... that infects both humans and animals, is extensively used as a model organism in pathogenicity studies [1,2]. S. Typhimurium infection is asymptomatic in poultry, but causes gastroenteritis in humans [3]. Its infectious cycle is complex and requires the expression of a large number of virulence fact ...
... that infects both humans and animals, is extensively used as a model organism in pathogenicity studies [1,2]. S. Typhimurium infection is asymptomatic in poultry, but causes gastroenteritis in humans [3]. Its infectious cycle is complex and requires the expression of a large number of virulence fact ...
Auxin Polar Transport 1s Essential for the
... the fact that different plant species have different requirements for exogenous hormones makes interpreting the mode of hormone action difficult (Ammirato, 1983; Terzi and Lo Schiavo, 1990). Because plant hormones are small molecules and exist in low concentrations in the plant cell, it is very diff ...
... the fact that different plant species have different requirements for exogenous hormones makes interpreting the mode of hormone action difficult (Ammirato, 1983; Terzi and Lo Schiavo, 1990). Because plant hormones are small molecules and exist in low concentrations in the plant cell, it is very diff ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation of Ricin A Chain
... an RTA active site mutant in which E177 was changed to Asp. This mutant (RTA*) is characterized by a 70-fold reduction in catalytic activity (Chaddock and Roberts, 1993). Previous expression of an ER-targeted RTA allowed visualization of a glycosylated RTA in the cytosol of tobacco protoplasts (Di C ...
... an RTA active site mutant in which E177 was changed to Asp. This mutant (RTA*) is characterized by a 70-fold reduction in catalytic activity (Chaddock and Roberts, 1993). Previous expression of an ER-targeted RTA allowed visualization of a glycosylated RTA in the cytosol of tobacco protoplasts (Di C ...
An Ustilago maydis Gene Involved in H 2O2
... and cytochrome C peroxidase (Lee et al., 1999; Dumond et al., 2000; Gash et al., 2000). Ustilago maydis is the causative agent of maize (Zea mays) smut disease. The disease cycle is initiated by fusion of compatible haploid cells. The resulting dikaryon switches to filamentous growth on the leaf sur ...
... and cytochrome C peroxidase (Lee et al., 1999; Dumond et al., 2000; Gash et al., 2000). Ustilago maydis is the causative agent of maize (Zea mays) smut disease. The disease cycle is initiated by fusion of compatible haploid cells. The resulting dikaryon switches to filamentous growth on the leaf sur ...
Protein Structure, Neighbor Effect, and a New Index of Amino Acid
... The genetic variation of protein-coding genes represents a major component in genetic biodiversity, and much effort has been spent in understanding how proteins evolve and diversify by amino acid substitutions. Two approaches have been taken to study the pattern of amino acid substitutions. The firs ...
... The genetic variation of protein-coding genes represents a major component in genetic biodiversity, and much effort has been spent in understanding how proteins evolve and diversify by amino acid substitutions. Two approaches have been taken to study the pattern of amino acid substitutions. The firs ...
Regulation and mechanism of potassium release from K analysis
... largely been restricted to two areas: compartmental analysis, in which efflux kinetics are used to determine subcellular pool sizes as well as other fluxes such as influx into the cell, and fluxes to the vacuole and shoot (Pitman & Saddler, 1967; Macklon, 1975; Memon et al., 1985; Kronzucker et al., ...
... largely been restricted to two areas: compartmental analysis, in which efflux kinetics are used to determine subcellular pool sizes as well as other fluxes such as influx into the cell, and fluxes to the vacuole and shoot (Pitman & Saddler, 1967; Macklon, 1975; Memon et al., 1985; Kronzucker et al., ...
Recycling of vitamin B12 and NAD+ within the Pdu
... Oxidoreductive conversions between the three oxidation states are thus of key importance in the chemistry of vitamin B12. When the oxidation state of the cobalt atom decreases its coordination number tends to decrease accordingly. 1.1.2. Biosynthesis of vitamin B12 According to a widely accepted his ...
... Oxidoreductive conversions between the three oxidation states are thus of key importance in the chemistry of vitamin B12. When the oxidation state of the cobalt atom decreases its coordination number tends to decrease accordingly. 1.1.2. Biosynthesis of vitamin B12 According to a widely accepted his ...