UNIVERSITETET I OSLO DET MATEMATISK
... 1) Describe the difference between the activity pattern in motor neurons innervating fast and slow muscles. 2) Describe the different mechanisms for reducing the cytosolic Ca2+-concentration back to normal after a transient elevation. When comparing the various mechanisms, Ca2+-affinity and transpor ...
... 1) Describe the difference between the activity pattern in motor neurons innervating fast and slow muscles. 2) Describe the different mechanisms for reducing the cytosolic Ca2+-concentration back to normal after a transient elevation. When comparing the various mechanisms, Ca2+-affinity and transpor ...
Tonoplast and Vacuoles
... • In all eukaryotes, the best described mechanism of exiting the ER is via coat protein complex (COP)II-coated vesicles. The vacuole, together with the plasma membrane, is the most distal point of the secretory pathway, and many vacuolar proteins are transported from the ER through intermediate comp ...
... • In all eukaryotes, the best described mechanism of exiting the ER is via coat protein complex (COP)II-coated vesicles. The vacuole, together with the plasma membrane, is the most distal point of the secretory pathway, and many vacuolar proteins are transported from the ER through intermediate comp ...
The Molecular Mechanisms of Pterostilbene
... Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for bladder cancer and contributes to chemoresistance in bladder cancer patients who continue to smoke while receiving chemotherapy. Nicotine has been implicated as a co-carcinogen that promotes lung cancer development through pro-survival pathways and is known ...
... Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for bladder cancer and contributes to chemoresistance in bladder cancer patients who continue to smoke while receiving chemotherapy. Nicotine has been implicated as a co-carcinogen that promotes lung cancer development through pro-survival pathways and is known ...
Photodamaged Chloroplasts Are Targets of Cellular
... an autophagosomal membrane, which then fuses with the membrane of either the vacuole (yeast and plants) or the lysosome (animals) to deliver its contents for destruction by hydrolytic enzymes (Nakatogawa et al., 2009). Mitochondria can be damaged by excess oxidation and thus may need to be destroyed ...
... an autophagosomal membrane, which then fuses with the membrane of either the vacuole (yeast and plants) or the lysosome (animals) to deliver its contents for destruction by hydrolytic enzymes (Nakatogawa et al., 2009). Mitochondria can be damaged by excess oxidation and thus may need to be destroyed ...
Chapter 30. Autophagy in Cardiac Physiology and Disease
... cellular cannibalization, has been implicated in virtually all forms of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, for three decades it has been recognized that lysosomal pathways of protein degradation are prevalent in most forms of cardiac pathology (2). Until recently, however, it has been difficult to disc ...
... cellular cannibalization, has been implicated in virtually all forms of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, for three decades it has been recognized that lysosomal pathways of protein degradation are prevalent in most forms of cardiac pathology (2). Until recently, however, it has been difficult to disc ...
Lysosomes on the move: Mechanisms and functions of lysosome
... On the move: mechanisms and functions of lysosome positioning ...
... On the move: mechanisms and functions of lysosome positioning ...
Lysosomes - Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School
... Lysosomes are very common in white blood cells, where disease and sickness are fought so a lot bacteria needs to be digested. Their shape and size vary depending on what material is digested. ...
... Lysosomes are very common in white blood cells, where disease and sickness are fought so a lot bacteria needs to be digested. Their shape and size vary depending on what material is digested. ...
1 Introduction of autophagy
... that p53 intensifies autophagy by acting on autophagy-related gene. Another study showed that it is in cytoplasm but not cell nucleus that p53 dampen-downs autophagy. • DAPK (death-associated protein kinase): we know that the combination of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 attenuates autophagy. However, activated ...
... that p53 intensifies autophagy by acting on autophagy-related gene. Another study showed that it is in cytoplasm but not cell nucleus that p53 dampen-downs autophagy. • DAPK (death-associated protein kinase): we know that the combination of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 attenuates autophagy. However, activated ...
The exocyst, an octameric protein complex conserved among all
... The exocyst, an octameric protein complex conserved among all eukaryotes, mediates tethering of the vesicle prior to its fusion with the target membrane. Apart from the function of exocyst in exocytosis, new studies from both mammalian and plant fields report its involvement in the cellular self-eat ...
... The exocyst, an octameric protein complex conserved among all eukaryotes, mediates tethering of the vesicle prior to its fusion with the target membrane. Apart from the function of exocyst in exocytosis, new studies from both mammalian and plant fields report its involvement in the cellular self-eat ...
Outline --- Programmed Cell Death 1. Apoptosis An overview: the
... Medicine/cancer (Bcl-2, the founder of a new class of oncogene) Basic research (proof of the concept by C. elegans genetics) In-depth discussion of certain topics Mitochondria-mediated caspase activation (Bcl-2 family; caspases; Apaf-1; IAPs and Smac; other regulatory mechanisms) (Point of no-retu ...
... Medicine/cancer (Bcl-2, the founder of a new class of oncogene) Basic research (proof of the concept by C. elegans genetics) In-depth discussion of certain topics Mitochondria-mediated caspase activation (Bcl-2 family; caspases; Apaf-1; IAPs and Smac; other regulatory mechanisms) (Point of no-retu ...
APPLICATION NOTE
... Autophagy is an important cellular catabolic process that plays a variety of important roles, including maintenance of the amino acid pool during starvation, recycling of damaged proteins and organelles, and clearance of intracellular microbes. Currently employed autophagy detection methods include ...
... Autophagy is an important cellular catabolic process that plays a variety of important roles, including maintenance of the amino acid pool during starvation, recycling of damaged proteins and organelles, and clearance of intracellular microbes. Currently employed autophagy detection methods include ...
Interpretation of bafilomycin, pH neutralizing or protease inhibitor
... inadequate measure of autophagic degradation activity (flux), as increased autophagosome numbers can reflect both their accelerated generation or decreased clearence. Similarly, the number and size of autolysosomes depend on both ’input’: material delivered by autophagosomes, and ’output’: material ...
... inadequate measure of autophagic degradation activity (flux), as increased autophagosome numbers can reflect both their accelerated generation or decreased clearence. Similarly, the number and size of autolysosomes depend on both ’input’: material delivered by autophagosomes, and ’output’: material ...
autophagy - Botanik in Bonn
... Autophagy refers to a collection of tightly regulated catabolic processes, all of which deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation In animals and yeasts, autophagy is often divided into three main types: Chaperone-mediated autophagy, Microautophagy, Macroautophagy. ...
... Autophagy refers to a collection of tightly regulated catabolic processes, all of which deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation In animals and yeasts, autophagy is often divided into three main types: Chaperone-mediated autophagy, Microautophagy, Macroautophagy. ...
Commentary in EMBO Journal
... versus non-canonical is driven by historical precedent above all else. For the purposes of this discussion, the canonical autophagy pathway is characterized by a complex series of membrane biogenetic steps that result in formation of the autophagosome (i.e. the structure that engulfs and sequesters ...
... versus non-canonical is driven by historical precedent above all else. For the purposes of this discussion, the canonical autophagy pathway is characterized by a complex series of membrane biogenetic steps that result in formation of the autophagosome (i.e. the structure that engulfs and sequesters ...
Document
... eukaryotic homeostatic mechanism is to ensure cell survival under adverse conditions nutrient absence, growth factor withdrawal accumulation of toxic protein aggregates Faulty organelles (e.g., leaky mitochondria) infection by intracellular ...
... eukaryotic homeostatic mechanism is to ensure cell survival under adverse conditions nutrient absence, growth factor withdrawal accumulation of toxic protein aggregates Faulty organelles (e.g., leaky mitochondria) infection by intracellular ...
New degradation proteins show route to cell survival
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a network of flattened membrane enclosed sacks – in nitrogen-starved conditions. The same conditions also triggered degradation of a part of the nucleus by Atg39; this protein localized to a special part of the ER surrounding the nucleus. Atg40 localized to other ER regio ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a network of flattened membrane enclosed sacks – in nitrogen-starved conditions. The same conditions also triggered degradation of a part of the nucleus by Atg39; this protein localized to a special part of the ER surrounding the nucleus. Atg40 localized to other ER regio ...
sample_abstract
... and lipid accumulation. Recently, abnormalities in a cellular process autophagy have been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in liver and adipose tissue. Autophagy is a catabolic process responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins, damaged organelles such as defective mi ...
... and lipid accumulation. Recently, abnormalities in a cellular process autophagy have been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in liver and adipose tissue. Autophagy is a catabolic process responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins, damaged organelles such as defective mi ...
Everolimus not Neuroprotective in R6/2 mice
... Everolimus was found to have penetrated the brain as measured by decreased phosphorylation of the mTOR target protein S6 kinase. However, autophagy was not upregulated in the brain as it was in the muscles as measured by normalized levels of the cystolic protein LC3BII which is associated with autop ...
... Everolimus was found to have penetrated the brain as measured by decreased phosphorylation of the mTOR target protein S6 kinase. However, autophagy was not upregulated in the brain as it was in the muscles as measured by normalized levels of the cystolic protein LC3BII which is associated with autop ...
The exPeRiMenT In this experiment using the iPad, you have to take
... In this experiment using the iPad, you have to take on the role of autophagy. The Science The cells of our body have a built-in surveillance system called autophagy (which means ‘self-eating’ in Greek!). Using autophagy cells can detect and destroy bad proteins or even bacteria that have entered the ...
... In this experiment using the iPad, you have to take on the role of autophagy. The Science The cells of our body have a built-in surveillance system called autophagy (which means ‘self-eating’ in Greek!). Using autophagy cells can detect and destroy bad proteins or even bacteria that have entered the ...
The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
... are fused with the lysosome for degradation and recycling. While other processes like the ubiquitination are usually targeting single and short-lived proteins, autophagy has the ability to target complexes of longer-lived macromolecules for recycling. Autophagy is a normal process in the cell, neces ...
... are fused with the lysosome for degradation and recycling. While other processes like the ubiquitination are usually targeting single and short-lived proteins, autophagy has the ability to target complexes of longer-lived macromolecules for recycling. Autophagy is a normal process in the cell, neces ...
Abstract - BMB Reports
... signal in autophagy. We showed that many ER residents such as BiP contain evolutionally conserved arginylation permissive pro-N-degrons and that certain inducers like dsDNA or proteasome inhibitors cause their translocation into the cytoplasm where they bind midfolded proteins and undergo amino-term ...
... signal in autophagy. We showed that many ER residents such as BiP contain evolutionally conserved arginylation permissive pro-N-degrons and that certain inducers like dsDNA or proteasome inhibitors cause their translocation into the cytoplasm where they bind midfolded proteins and undergo amino-term ...
2016 nobel prize in physiology or medicine
... 2016 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016 was awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi for establishing the mechanisms of autophagy – the process by which cells degrade and recycle their components. ...
... 2016 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016 was awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi for establishing the mechanisms of autophagy – the process by which cells degrade and recycle their components. ...
Autophagy
Autophagy (or autophagocytosis) (from the Greek auto-, ""self"" and phagein, ""to eat""), is the natural, destructive mechanism that disassembles, through a regulated process, unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components.Autophagy allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components. During this process, targeted cytoplasmic constituents are isolated from the rest of the cell within a double-membraned vesicle known as an autophagosome. The autophagosome then fuses with a lysosome and the contents are degraded and recycled. There are three different forms of autophagy that are commonly described, namely macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. In the context of disease, autophagy has been seen as an adaptive response to stress which promotes survival, whereas in other cases it appears to promote cell death and morbidity. In the extreme case of starvation, the breakdown of cellular components promotes cellular survival by maintaining cellular energy levels.The name ""autophagy"" was coined by Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve in 1963.