Autophagy in Plasmodium, a multifunctional pathway?
... The Plasmodium parasite has evolved distinctive biological mechanisms to invade and replicate within different cell types in both the mosquito vector and mammalian host as part of its life cycle. It is necessary to understand Plasmodium biology if one is to study autophagy in the context of this uni ...
... The Plasmodium parasite has evolved distinctive biological mechanisms to invade and replicate within different cell types in both the mosquito vector and mammalian host as part of its life cycle. It is necessary to understand Plasmodium biology if one is to study autophagy in the context of this uni ...
PHM 142 UNIT 9B Mitochondrial function in neurodegenerative
... - Neurotoxins affecting humans and also used in animal models of PD: MPTP, 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA), rotenone, and paraquat >>> MPTP, a selective inhibitor of PD mitochondrial complex I (same for rotenone), directed researchers’ attention to pathological roles of mitochondria in PD and raised the ...
... - Neurotoxins affecting humans and also used in animal models of PD: MPTP, 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA), rotenone, and paraquat >>> MPTP, a selective inhibitor of PD mitochondrial complex I (same for rotenone), directed researchers’ attention to pathological roles of mitochondria in PD and raised the ...
Interactions between Human Two-pore Channels and Nonaspanin
... ions in a cell. In the last several decades, researchers have been studying another organelle type that may store calcium ions – the “acidic” calcium stores which are organelles characterized by an acidic lumen in the endolysosomal system, such as endosomes, lysosomes, secretory vesicles and autopha ...
... ions in a cell. In the last several decades, researchers have been studying another organelle type that may store calcium ions – the “acidic” calcium stores which are organelles characterized by an acidic lumen in the endolysosomal system, such as endosomes, lysosomes, secretory vesicles and autopha ...
Lysosomes - Mr. Nichols` Science Adventures
... What are lysosomes? The “garbage disposals” of your cells; they are responsible for digesting and recycling materials that the cell no longer needs or has to get rid of. They are found in both plant and animal cells. Lysosomes are very common in white blood cells, where disease and sickness are fou ...
... What are lysosomes? The “garbage disposals” of your cells; they are responsible for digesting and recycling materials that the cell no longer needs or has to get rid of. They are found in both plant and animal cells. Lysosomes are very common in white blood cells, where disease and sickness are fou ...
Transcriptional regulation of mammalian autophagy at a glance
... of the autophagic contents by the lysosomal hydrolases (Jahreiss et al., 2008). Autophagy is mediated by a set of so-called ATG proteins (Xie and Klionsky, 2007). The primordial function of autophagy may be as a response to stresses, such as starvation, because autophagic end-products can be release ...
... of the autophagic contents by the lysosomal hydrolases (Jahreiss et al., 2008). Autophagy is mediated by a set of so-called ATG proteins (Xie and Klionsky, 2007). The primordial function of autophagy may be as a response to stresses, such as starvation, because autophagic end-products can be release ...
(respectively) in PD brain. Dehay, B. et al., J Neurosci
... *Sulfinic acid: -CH2-SO2H *Sulfonic acid: -CH2-SO3H • DJ-1 adopts a homodimeric structure essential for its function. ...
... *Sulfinic acid: -CH2-SO2H *Sulfonic acid: -CH2-SO3H • DJ-1 adopts a homodimeric structure essential for its function. ...
Misregulation of autophagy and protein degradation systems in
... defect in lysosomal GAA enzyme (Raben et al., 2002), Danon disease (or GSD IIb) is caused by the lack of LAMP2 (Nishino et al., 2000), and Xlinked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA) is triggered by mutations in an essential assembly chaperone of the V-ATPase, the main mammalian lysosomal proto ...
... defect in lysosomal GAA enzyme (Raben et al., 2002), Danon disease (or GSD IIb) is caused by the lack of LAMP2 (Nishino et al., 2000), and Xlinked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA) is triggered by mutations in an essential assembly chaperone of the V-ATPase, the main mammalian lysosomal proto ...
Autophagy in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation
... preventing cellular injuries that could lead to impaired cellular function and ultimately cell death. One of those mechanisms is macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway that allows the recycling of damaged or superfluous cytoplasmic content, such as prot ...
... preventing cellular injuries that could lead to impaired cellular function and ultimately cell death. One of those mechanisms is macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway that allows the recycling of damaged or superfluous cytoplasmic content, such as prot ...
12 Autophagy as a defence against intracellular pathogens
... TLRs remain to be understood, but one pathway appears to involve the TLR adaptor protein MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88), which can activate Beclin1 by releasing it from an inhibitory complex with Bcl-2. The cytosol contains NOD (nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain)-like receptor ...
... TLRs remain to be understood, but one pathway appears to involve the TLR adaptor protein MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88), which can activate Beclin1 by releasing it from an inhibitory complex with Bcl-2. The cytosol contains NOD (nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain)-like receptor ...
PDF - Hormones.gr
... kDa) and GABARAP (-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-associated protein)50 were found to interact with the ULK1 kinase. Since GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3) are putative orthologues of yeast Atg8a (essential for autophagosome formation), it has been pos ...
... kDa) and GABARAP (-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-associated protein)50 were found to interact with the ULK1 kinase. Since GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3) are putative orthologues of yeast Atg8a (essential for autophagosome formation), it has been pos ...
Plant autophagy—more than a starvation response
... hypersensitive response, as a means of limiting pathogen spread. Using a high-throughput virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) screen, Liu et al. discovered that a tobacco homolog of the autophagy protein Atg6 (also called Beclin1) is involved in TMV-induced PCD [29]. The tobacco BECLIN1 gene appear ...
... hypersensitive response, as a means of limiting pathogen spread. Using a high-throughput virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) screen, Liu et al. discovered that a tobacco homolog of the autophagy protein Atg6 (also called Beclin1) is involved in TMV-induced PCD [29]. The tobacco BECLIN1 gene appear ...
Heart Failure
... independent risk factor for heart failure and lethal arrhythmia, leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Numerous pathways have been causally implicated in the transition from myocyte hypertrophy to failure,2 including programmed cell death, cellular atrophy, and very recently, ...
... independent risk factor for heart failure and lethal arrhythmia, leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Numerous pathways have been causally implicated in the transition from myocyte hypertrophy to failure,2 including programmed cell death, cellular atrophy, and very recently, ...
Silica nanoparticles enhance autophagic activity, disturb endothelial
... As shown in Figure 6B, HUVECs treated with SiNPs displayed typical autophagic vacuoles with partially degraded cytoplasmic materials and electron-dense SiNPs compared to untreated cells (Figure 6A). Several other ultrastructures were observed as a part of the whole process of SiNP-mediated autophagy ...
... As shown in Figure 6B, HUVECs treated with SiNPs displayed typical autophagic vacuoles with partially degraded cytoplasmic materials and electron-dense SiNPs compared to untreated cells (Figure 6A). Several other ultrastructures were observed as a part of the whole process of SiNP-mediated autophagy ...
Multiple Roles of the Cytoskeleton in Bacterial Autophagy
... lysosomes concentrated near the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) (Figure 2BI) [19]. Several pathogenic bacteria can modulate the dynamics of microtubules during infection [20], and it is likely that pathogen interference with microtubules has a profound impact on autophagy. Listeria ActA can re ...
... lysosomes concentrated near the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) (Figure 2BI) [19]. Several pathogenic bacteria can modulate the dynamics of microtubules during infection [20], and it is likely that pathogen interference with microtubules has a profound impact on autophagy. Listeria ActA can re ...
Lysosome
... When cells are faced with an inadequate supply of nutrients in their extracellular fluid (ECF), they may begin to cannibalize some of their internal organelles (e.g. mitochondria) for re-use of their components. This phenomenon, called autophagy, involves: formation of a double membrane within the c ...
... When cells are faced with an inadequate supply of nutrients in their extracellular fluid (ECF), they may begin to cannibalize some of their internal organelles (e.g. mitochondria) for re-use of their components. This phenomenon, called autophagy, involves: formation of a double membrane within the c ...
Illuminating Pathways to the Future of Health
... of death worldwide for over 15 years, killing millions of people each year. Diabetes recently rose to the sixth leading cause of death worldwide, and is projected to move further up the list in the future. These two diseases are often associated and share risk factors, as well as distinct metabolic ...
... of death worldwide for over 15 years, killing millions of people each year. Diabetes recently rose to the sixth leading cause of death worldwide, and is projected to move further up the list in the future. These two diseases are often associated and share risk factors, as well as distinct metabolic ...
(Indirect) Costs of Conducting Research
... response to nutrient stress, pathogen infection, senescence, and trichome development. We are interested in studying the role of WRKY65 transcription factors. Three individuals of an Arabidopsis thaliana wrky65 knockout line were observed during sucrose starvation, salt stress, and oxidative stress ...
... response to nutrient stress, pathogen infection, senescence, and trichome development. We are interested in studying the role of WRKY65 transcription factors. Three individuals of an Arabidopsis thaliana wrky65 knockout line were observed during sucrose starvation, salt stress, and oxidative stress ...
Helping cells get rid of toxic waste in Parkinson`s
... Changes in the Parkin gene are one of the most common known causes of early-onset Parkinson’s. And researchers have already discovered much about the role of the Parkin protein in Parkinson’s. Parkin is involved in keeping cells healthy by getting rid of waste, such as worn out and broken proteins o ...
... Changes in the Parkin gene are one of the most common known causes of early-onset Parkinson’s. And researchers have already discovered much about the role of the Parkin protein in Parkinson’s. Parkin is involved in keeping cells healthy by getting rid of waste, such as worn out and broken proteins o ...
Research group Tumour Hypoxia
... In the first line of research in our lab we attempt to understand the molecular pathways that allow tumor cells to survive for long periods of hypoxia. These ?hypoxia-tolerance? mechanisms may become attractive targets for overcoming the problem of hypoxia in cancer. The rate of protein synthesis de ...
... In the first line of research in our lab we attempt to understand the molecular pathways that allow tumor cells to survive for long periods of hypoxia. These ?hypoxia-tolerance? mechanisms may become attractive targets for overcoming the problem of hypoxia in cancer. The rate of protein synthesis de ...
1984 BS, Seoul National University, Korea
... residues of the N-end rule pathway include the N-terminal arginine (Arg) residue which can be post-translationally created by ATE1-encoded Arg-tRNA transferases (R-transferases) that transfer the amino acid L-Arg from Arg-tRNAArg to the N-termini. Recognins that recognize the N-terminal Arg residue ...
... residues of the N-end rule pathway include the N-terminal arginine (Arg) residue which can be post-translationally created by ATE1-encoded Arg-tRNA transferases (R-transferases) that transfer the amino acid L-Arg from Arg-tRNAArg to the N-termini. Recognins that recognize the N-terminal Arg residue ...
How autophagy both activates and inhibits cellular
... affects the microenvironment through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases, a feature termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP increases immune surveillance of damaged cells, thus maintaining tissue homeostasis. With age or ...
... affects the microenvironment through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases, a feature termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP increases immune surveillance of damaged cells, thus maintaining tissue homeostasis. With age or ...
Autophagy_Marc
... The breakdown of cellular components promotes cellular survival during starvation by maintaining cellular energy levels. Autophagy allows the degradation and recycling of cellular components. During this process, targeted cytoplasmic constituents are isolated from the rest of the cell within a doubl ...
... The breakdown of cellular components promotes cellular survival during starvation by maintaining cellular energy levels. Autophagy allows the degradation and recycling of cellular components. During this process, targeted cytoplasmic constituents are isolated from the rest of the cell within a doubl ...
Lysosomes
... squirts the enzymes inside. • The digested food can then diffuse through the vacuole membrane and enter the cell to be used for energy or growth. ...
... squirts the enzymes inside. • The digested food can then diffuse through the vacuole membrane and enter the cell to be used for energy or growth. ...
Autophagy
Autophagy (or autophagocytosis) (from the Greek auto-, ""self"" and phagein, ""to eat""), is the natural, destructive mechanism that disassembles, through a regulated process, unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components.Autophagy allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components. During this process, targeted cytoplasmic constituents are isolated from the rest of the cell within a double-membraned vesicle known as an autophagosome. The autophagosome then fuses with a lysosome and the contents are degraded and recycled. There are three different forms of autophagy that are commonly described, namely macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. In the context of disease, autophagy has been seen as an adaptive response to stress which promotes survival, whereas in other cases it appears to promote cell death and morbidity. In the extreme case of starvation, the breakdown of cellular components promotes cellular survival by maintaining cellular energy levels.The name ""autophagy"" was coined by Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve in 1963.