• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
slides - Fei Hu
slides - Fei Hu

... – encapsulate datagram into frame, adding header, trailer – ‘physical addresses’ used in frame headers to identify source, dest • different from IP address! ...
Solution to test 2
Solution to test 2

... Assume the followings:  All routers inside the network turn off the support for subnet-directed and all-subnet-directed IP broadcasts, i.e., drop those packets.  All nodes (hosts and routers) must reply with an ICMP echo reply message when receiving an ICMP echo request message.  When forwarding ...
A Simple and Efficient MAC-Routing Integrated Algorithm for Sensor
A Simple and Efficient MAC-Routing Integrated Algorithm for Sensor

... for Sensor Network R. Rugin and G. Mazzini University of Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy ...
ppt
ppt

... Teaser: On-demand node wake-up ...
The Network Layer
The Network Layer

... – Higher per packet overhead ...
Connectivity - King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Connectivity - King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

...  Link layer needed if the link is shared bet’n apps; is unreliable; and is used sporadically  No need for protocol concepts like addressing, names, routers, hubs, forwarding, filtering …  What if I want to build a network with N nodes and let N increase ? ...
Slides
Slides

... scale-free network: wider reach ...
webMATE - Southern Scientific
webMATE - Southern Scientific

The Network Layer
The Network Layer

... A basic idea is to allocate the remaining class C networks (more than 2 million, and later A and B) in variable sized blocks of 254 addresses, a site needing 8000 addresses then gets 32 contiguous class C networks. The world was divided up into 4 zones to easy hierarchical routing. A site outside Eu ...
Network-Coding Multicast Networks With QoS Guarantees
Network-Coding Multicast Networks With QoS Guarantees

... admits not more than a specified amount of traffic, the network will never experience link congestion. • For multicast networks, the main problem with this approach is low throughput. ...
DK_February_2008_Koblenz - delab-auth
DK_February_2008_Koblenz - delab-auth

... The cache discovery protocol (2/2) When a mediator receives a request, searches its cache • If it deduces that the request can be satisfied by a neighboring node (remote cache hit), forwards the request to the neighboring node with the largest residual energy • If the request can not be satisfied b ...
Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Network Topologies
Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Network Topologies

Routing Protocols
Routing Protocols

... There exists at least one path from every node to the destination  All cycles not containing the destination have nonnegative length (cost). ...


... where vehicles are equipped with wireless and form a network without help of any infrastructure. The equipment is placed inside vehicles as well as on the road for providing access to other vehicles in order to form a network and communicate. Intelligent Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks ( InVANET’s) - Vehi ...
two-graph building interior representation for
two-graph building interior representation for

Sullivan - Oregon State University
Sullivan - Oregon State University

... – routers use routing rules to forward packets to the next appropriate destination – hubs forward all packets on all connected wires – switches keep track of which computer is on each line and send packets only to the desired destination ...
Document
Document

... • Number of sensor nodes can be several orders of magnitude higher • Sensor nodes are densely deployed and are prone to failures • The topology of a sensor network changes very frequently due to node mobility and node failure • May leverage broadcasting than point-to-point communications • May opera ...
Computer Systems and Networks
Computer Systems and Networks

... terminator on each end. Ring: Similar to bus, but bus is closed - no ends. Star: A central node does most of the processing. Remote nodes are connected point-to-point with it. Loop: Similar to ring but nodes are directly in communication path. Hierarchical: A tree-like structure emanating from a cen ...
Routing
Routing

... Nodes flood their state onto the link to all other nodes At start, new nodes downlink the database from a neighbour Different kinds of link ...
CSC 335 Data Communications and Networking I
CSC 335 Data Communications and Networking I

... Level C - 90% of traffic < 50ms latency Level D - 95% in profile traffic delivered Level E - allotted twice bandwidth of level F traffic ...
Chapter One
Chapter One

... Switches Subdivide a network into smaller logical pieces Create multiple, smaller collision domains In a half duplex switched network there are only two devices in each collision domain. In a full-duplex switched environment there is only 1 device in each collision domain (0 % chance of collision) ...
514-25-Wrap
514-25-Wrap

... • Route target – tag routes for import/export • Route distinguisher – distinguish routes of separate customers – A customer’s address space may overlap with another’s, without interfering – E.g. private addresses ...
Rich_characteristics_v3_GGF7
Rich_characteristics_v3_GGF7

...  Achievable Bandwidth (Input from GGF6):  The maximum amount of data per time unit that a link or path can provide to an application, given the current utilization, the protocol and operating system used, and the end-host performance capability.  The aim of this characteristic is to indicate what ...
Maximum query latency Network traffic per query
Maximum query latency Network traffic per query

...  Assumes all vehicles have active RFID tag planted in tires  Number of hierarchies could be up to the same as number of nodes  A node could have many next-insider pointers, query routing would be similar to that of Gnutella  How to solve query routing for the vehicle that is not exist, could lea ...
Lec 1
Lec 1

... • Routers send packets on best path to the destination. This is necessary for path redundancy • Because they operate at layer 3 they are inherently slower than bridges but more complex technologies are compensating – Route on IP addresses can use different paths • They maintain separate network segm ...
< 1 ... 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 ... 265 >

IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report