Preparation of pyruvate for the citric acid cycle Recap 1. We have
... 3. It is converted to Lactate (animal muscles) 4. It is converted to ethanol (yeast; alcohol fermantation) Pyruvate enters the Citric acid cycle First, we need to get pyruvate to the correct location: Glycolyis occurs in the ______________ TCA cycle occurs in the ______________ ...
... 3. It is converted to Lactate (animal muscles) 4. It is converted to ethanol (yeast; alcohol fermantation) Pyruvate enters the Citric acid cycle First, we need to get pyruvate to the correct location: Glycolyis occurs in the ______________ TCA cycle occurs in the ______________ ...
The energy equivalents of ATP and the energy values of food
... 2. Heats of combustion of food proteins and fats derived from compositional data were within 1 % of published values obtained by calorimetry. 3. Cytoplasmic ATP equivalents for glucose, fat and protein range from 9.0 to 14.7,8.6 to 14.6 and 6.4 to 13.2mol cytoplasmic ATP/MJ of metabolizable energy r ...
... 2. Heats of combustion of food proteins and fats derived from compositional data were within 1 % of published values obtained by calorimetry. 3. Cytoplasmic ATP equivalents for glucose, fat and protein range from 9.0 to 14.7,8.6 to 14.6 and 6.4 to 13.2mol cytoplasmic ATP/MJ of metabolizable energy r ...
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... to 8 week period because it generally takes this long for the person to reestablish normal red cell levels. The stored cells are re reinfused 1 to 7 days before an endurance event. As a result, the red cell count and haemoglobin level of the blood is often elevated some 8 to 20%. This hemoconcentrat ...
... to 8 week period because it generally takes this long for the person to reestablish normal red cell levels. The stored cells are re reinfused 1 to 7 days before an endurance event. As a result, the red cell count and haemoglobin level of the blood is often elevated some 8 to 20%. This hemoconcentrat ...
hybondtm-c extra supported nitrocellulose membrane
... Amersham's extensive range of immunodetection products include the immunogold system which can be readily intensified using the matched silver enhancement reagents. Our other products make use of colorimetric detection and are based on either directly labelled second antibodies or the streptavidin/b ...
... Amersham's extensive range of immunodetection products include the immunogold system which can be readily intensified using the matched silver enhancement reagents. Our other products make use of colorimetric detection and are based on either directly labelled second antibodies or the streptavidin/b ...
Enzyme Power Point
... Catalysts for biological reactions Most are proteins Lower the activation energy Increase the rate of reaction Activity lost if denatured May be simple proteins May contain cofactors such as metal ions or organic (vitamins) ...
... Catalysts for biological reactions Most are proteins Lower the activation energy Increase the rate of reaction Activity lost if denatured May be simple proteins May contain cofactors such as metal ions or organic (vitamins) ...
Adenylate Energy Charge
... stant, was nearly 0-1unit higher. We can offer no explanation for this difference but it may be related to the fact that it was simpler to harvest and wash bacteria at or near 37 "C in the small-scale experiment than it was in the large-scale experiment. In the latter case the temperatures at which ...
... stant, was nearly 0-1unit higher. We can offer no explanation for this difference but it may be related to the fact that it was simpler to harvest and wash bacteria at or near 37 "C in the small-scale experiment than it was in the large-scale experiment. In the latter case the temperatures at which ...
bch222 tutorial kit - Covenant University
... 17. Briefly explain four (4) regulatory mechanisms in metabolic integration. 18. Discuss the metabolic importance of specialized organs. 19. Diferentiate between catabolic and anabolic reactions giving examples of such pathways. 20. Is glycolysis a complete reversal of gluconoegenesis? Explain. 21. ...
... 17. Briefly explain four (4) regulatory mechanisms in metabolic integration. 18. Discuss the metabolic importance of specialized organs. 19. Diferentiate between catabolic and anabolic reactions giving examples of such pathways. 20. Is glycolysis a complete reversal of gluconoegenesis? Explain. 21. ...
Production of lactic acid
... down and lower your exercise intensity. Slowing down allows the muscles to once again rely solely on aerobic metabolism and support the removal or chemical conversion of waste molecules. The problem with the terms "aerobic" and "anaerobic" when applied to exercise is that we actually never switch fr ...
... down and lower your exercise intensity. Slowing down allows the muscles to once again rely solely on aerobic metabolism and support the removal or chemical conversion of waste molecules. The problem with the terms "aerobic" and "anaerobic" when applied to exercise is that we actually never switch fr ...
MidtermReview2012
... 2. Write a balanced chemical equation for the following: a. Solutions of magnesium iodide and lead (II) nitrate react to a form a solution of magnesium nitrate and solid lead (II) iodide. ...
... 2. Write a balanced chemical equation for the following: a. Solutions of magnesium iodide and lead (II) nitrate react to a form a solution of magnesium nitrate and solid lead (II) iodide. ...
Lecture 19 Membranes 2: Membrane Proteins
... • Timescale of msec to sec, lipids DO diffuse freely in plane of membrane. • On much shorter time scale, 25 µsec intervals, lipids zoom around in a small confined area of membrane, then seem to "hop" to another small confined area, as if there were "fences" they had to hop over (networks of interact ...
... • Timescale of msec to sec, lipids DO diffuse freely in plane of membrane. • On much shorter time scale, 25 µsec intervals, lipids zoom around in a small confined area of membrane, then seem to "hop" to another small confined area, as if there were "fences" they had to hop over (networks of interact ...
Metabolism & Enzymes
... reactant which binds to enzyme enzyme-substrate complex: temporary association ...
... reactant which binds to enzyme enzyme-substrate complex: temporary association ...
H - Departamento de Física Geral
... to its substrate? This can be measured if a suitable substrate analog can be found or the enzyme can be modified. For instance, ITC has been used to measure the enthalpy of binding of a small compound called 20 -cytidine monophoshate (20 CMP) to ribonuclease A, which hydrolyzes RNA to its component ...
... to its substrate? This can be measured if a suitable substrate analog can be found or the enzyme can be modified. For instance, ITC has been used to measure the enthalpy of binding of a small compound called 20 -cytidine monophoshate (20 CMP) to ribonuclease A, which hydrolyzes RNA to its component ...
The 18-kD Protein That Binds to the Chloroplast DNA
... the 18-kD band as well as with several other bands of higher molecular weight on a protein blot prepared from a high-salt extract of an extensively purified thylakoid membrane of C. reinhardtii. It is known that NADH dehydrogenase may be dissociated into subunits by a wide variety of treatments (Rag ...
... the 18-kD band as well as with several other bands of higher molecular weight on a protein blot prepared from a high-salt extract of an extensively purified thylakoid membrane of C. reinhardtii. It is known that NADH dehydrogenase may be dissociated into subunits by a wide variety of treatments (Rag ...
SC.912.L.18.8 - Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions
... This activity will model the oxidation of glucose to CO2, H2O, and generation of ATP using Lego building blocks. Groups of 4 students will draw pertinent cell structures and identify the locations of the steps of cellular respiration as the activity proceeds. Lego blocks will be assembled into molec ...
... This activity will model the oxidation of glucose to CO2, H2O, and generation of ATP using Lego building blocks. Groups of 4 students will draw pertinent cell structures and identify the locations of the steps of cellular respiration as the activity proceeds. Lego blocks will be assembled into molec ...
Document
... • Small Km means tight binding; high Km means weak binding • Useful to compare Km for different substrates for one enzyme Hexokinase : D-fructose – 1.5 mM D-glucose – 0.15 mM • Useful to compare Km for a common substrate used by several enzymes Hexokinase: D-glucose – 0.15 mM Glucokinase: D-glucose ...
... • Small Km means tight binding; high Km means weak binding • Useful to compare Km for different substrates for one enzyme Hexokinase : D-fructose – 1.5 mM D-glucose – 0.15 mM • Useful to compare Km for a common substrate used by several enzymes Hexokinase: D-glucose – 0.15 mM Glucokinase: D-glucose ...
Document
... the enzyme active sites to form covalent adducts. • The side chain of amino acid may be hydroxyl or sulfhydryl groups; these include the amino acids serine (as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)), cysteine, threonine or tyrosine. • Irreversible inhibitors are generally specific for one class of enzyme ...
... the enzyme active sites to form covalent adducts. • The side chain of amino acid may be hydroxyl or sulfhydryl groups; these include the amino acids serine (as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)), cysteine, threonine or tyrosine. • Irreversible inhibitors are generally specific for one class of enzyme ...
Fluorescent properties of c-type cytochromes
... conditions yielded a fluorescence spectrum (Fig. 1a). The most intense signal was at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm that yielded fluorescence maxima at 402 and 437 nm (Fig. 1c). This fluorescence was lost when the cytochrome was oxidized (Fig. 1c). Exciting whole cells of G. sulfurreducens at 35 ...
... conditions yielded a fluorescence spectrum (Fig. 1a). The most intense signal was at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm that yielded fluorescence maxima at 402 and 437 nm (Fig. 1c). This fluorescence was lost when the cytochrome was oxidized (Fig. 1c). Exciting whole cells of G. sulfurreducens at 35 ...
ppt
... The high recall of citation mapping will ensure minimal ‘loss’ of phosphorylation papers and result in significant time saving for annotators to find relevant phosphorylation citations from long lists of papers in given protein entries. The high precision of annotation extraction from retrieved phos ...
... The high recall of citation mapping will ensure minimal ‘loss’ of phosphorylation papers and result in significant time saving for annotators to find relevant phosphorylation citations from long lists of papers in given protein entries. The high precision of annotation extraction from retrieved phos ...
Chapter 12. Protein biosynthesis (P215, sP875)
... 3) rRNAs and ribosomes: As the site of protein biosynthesis, ribosome is made up of two subunits, one is large and another is small. ...
... 3) rRNAs and ribosomes: As the site of protein biosynthesis, ribosome is made up of two subunits, one is large and another is small. ...
Enzyme
... Prosthetic groups include organic and organometallic compounds such as: FAD Flavin adenine dinucleotide FMN Flavin mononucleotide LPA Lipoic acid (Lipoamide) TPP Thiamine pyrophosphate ...
... Prosthetic groups include organic and organometallic compounds such as: FAD Flavin adenine dinucleotide FMN Flavin mononucleotide LPA Lipoic acid (Lipoamide) TPP Thiamine pyrophosphate ...
Intermediary Metabolism of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat
... KM) can affect the rate of the reaction. Third, an enzyme can be regulated by metabolites that are inhibitors or activators binding to its catalytic or allosteric/regulatory sites. Fourth, an enzyme can be inhibited or activated by covalent modification, in particular by phosphorylation by protein k ...
... KM) can affect the rate of the reaction. Third, an enzyme can be regulated by metabolites that are inhibitors or activators binding to its catalytic or allosteric/regulatory sites. Fourth, an enzyme can be inhibited or activated by covalent modification, in particular by phosphorylation by protein k ...
Adenosine triphosphate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... are metabolised to give fatty acids and glycerol. The overall process of oxidizing glucose to carbon dioxide is known as cellular respiration and can produce about 30 molecules of ATP from a single molecule of glucose.[22] ATP can be produced by a number of distinct cellular processes; the three mai ...
... are metabolised to give fatty acids and glycerol. The overall process of oxidizing glucose to carbon dioxide is known as cellular respiration and can produce about 30 molecules of ATP from a single molecule of glucose.[22] ATP can be produced by a number of distinct cellular processes; the three mai ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.