Oxygen diffusion through perovskite membranes
... determined by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TA Instruments). The membrane tube was prepared by the plastic extrusion method [19]. The sintered membrane tube has an outer diameter of about 8.0 mm, an inner diameter of about 5.0 mm. The densities of the sintered tubular membranes were measured by the ...
... determined by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TA Instruments). The membrane tube was prepared by the plastic extrusion method [19]. The sintered membrane tube has an outer diameter of about 8.0 mm, an inner diameter of about 5.0 mm. The densities of the sintered tubular membranes were measured by the ...
Evolution of Enzymatic Activity in the Enolase Superfamily
... That the OSBS reaction is efficiently catalyzed by active sites in highly divergent sequence contexts suggests that some OSBSs may be functionally promiscuous, that is, they catalyze another reaction as well as the OSBS reaction (10). Perhaps the extreme sequence divergence results from convergent e ...
... That the OSBS reaction is efficiently catalyzed by active sites in highly divergent sequence contexts suggests that some OSBSs may be functionally promiscuous, that is, they catalyze another reaction as well as the OSBS reaction (10). Perhaps the extreme sequence divergence results from convergent e ...
Assessing in silico the recruitment and functional spectrum of
... of PM and SM. To begin with, we determined for all entries the assigned EC numbers (EC_#) [16], because they specify unequivocally the catalyzed reactions. Moreover, EC numbers are organized in a hierarchical manner, which can be used to group similar reactions. The first digit of each EC number is ...
... of PM and SM. To begin with, we determined for all entries the assigned EC numbers (EC_#) [16], because they specify unequivocally the catalyzed reactions. Moreover, EC numbers are organized in a hierarchical manner, which can be used to group similar reactions. The first digit of each EC number is ...
Urea cycle
... Deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes • Infant born with total deficiency of one or more enzymes survive at least several days. • Many enzymes deficiencies are partial → enzymes have altered Km values. • Case are known of deficiencies of each enzymes. • Interruption of the cycle at each point affected ...
... Deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes • Infant born with total deficiency of one or more enzymes survive at least several days. • Many enzymes deficiencies are partial → enzymes have altered Km values. • Case are known of deficiencies of each enzymes. • Interruption of the cycle at each point affected ...
Transporters of nucleotide sugars, nucleotide
... (Fleischer et al., 1993). Is this a general observation? Undoubtedly, studies will address the Golgi targeting features of these transporters. These approaches will consist of either mutagenizing different amino acids of the transmembrane and adjacent regions of these proteins or attaching such regi ...
... (Fleischer et al., 1993). Is this a general observation? Undoubtedly, studies will address the Golgi targeting features of these transporters. These approaches will consist of either mutagenizing different amino acids of the transmembrane and adjacent regions of these proteins or attaching such regi ...
Slide 1
... • PCr may also shuttle intramuscular phosphate between the mitochondria and muscle filament cross-bridge sites (the actual sites of muscle contraction). • Theoretically, high levels of PCr should also lessen the reliance on anaerobic glycolysis. Remember that H+ ions are produced during glycolysis ...
... • PCr may also shuttle intramuscular phosphate between the mitochondria and muscle filament cross-bridge sites (the actual sites of muscle contraction). • Theoretically, high levels of PCr should also lessen the reliance on anaerobic glycolysis. Remember that H+ ions are produced during glycolysis ...
Enzymatic Synthesis of Arginine Phosphate with Coupled ATP
... used both to facilitate recovery and reuse of the enzyme, and to improve its stability under operating condition^.^ Three successive reactions were carried out using the same preparation of enzyme-containing gel. The results were comparable for the three. In the last, it was possible to reach a conc ...
... used both to facilitate recovery and reuse of the enzyme, and to improve its stability under operating condition^.^ Three successive reactions were carried out using the same preparation of enzyme-containing gel. The results were comparable for the three. In the last, it was possible to reach a conc ...
Relation between Energy Production and Growth of
... regarded as a constant which may be used to calculate the ATP production from the growth yields obtained with other micro-organisms. In a recent review on the energetics of bacterial growth Gunsalus & Shuster (1961) used this constant to calculate the ATP production from previous aerobic growth expe ...
... regarded as a constant which may be used to calculate the ATP production from the growth yields obtained with other micro-organisms. In a recent review on the energetics of bacterial growth Gunsalus & Shuster (1961) used this constant to calculate the ATP production from previous aerobic growth expe ...
Fermentation of Purines and their Effect on the
... Higher cell yields were obtained with Oxoid reinforced clostridial medium plus 0.005 % Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate) and this medium was used occasionally for the production of larger batches of organisms to prepare cell-free extracts. Bacteria were harvested, with anaerobic precau ...
... Higher cell yields were obtained with Oxoid reinforced clostridial medium plus 0.005 % Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate) and this medium was used occasionally for the production of larger batches of organisms to prepare cell-free extracts. Bacteria were harvested, with anaerobic precau ...
Regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... complex] catalyses the physiologically irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, thereby linking the glycolytic pathway to the oxidative pathway of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Acetyl-CoA generated by the PDC also serves as a precursor for lipid biosynthesis in certain tissu ...
... complex] catalyses the physiologically irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, thereby linking the glycolytic pathway to the oxidative pathway of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Acetyl-CoA generated by the PDC also serves as a precursor for lipid biosynthesis in certain tissu ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... • Protein coenzymes (group-transfer proteins) • Participate in: (1) Group-transfer reactions (2) Oxidation-reduction reactions: transfer a hydrogen or an electron • Metal ions, iron-sulfur clusters and heme groups are commonly found in these proteins ...
... • Protein coenzymes (group-transfer proteins) • Participate in: (1) Group-transfer reactions (2) Oxidation-reduction reactions: transfer a hydrogen or an electron • Metal ions, iron-sulfur clusters and heme groups are commonly found in these proteins ...
Metabolic and Developmental Adaptations of
... the long-term adaptation of potato tubers to reduced adenylate energy state, we also transformed plants with a construct expressing plastidial apyrase constitutively under the control of the B33 promoter leading to expression of apyrase throughout tuber development. The induction of apyrase for 24 h ...
... the long-term adaptation of potato tubers to reduced adenylate energy state, we also transformed plants with a construct expressing plastidial apyrase constitutively under the control of the B33 promoter leading to expression of apyrase throughout tuber development. The induction of apyrase for 24 h ...
Possible plant mitochondria involvement in cell
... Here, recent papers concerning mitochondria from durum wheat and the related literature are reviewed to infer the possible involvement of plant mitochondria in adaptation to drought-induced oxidative stress. Among the three energy-dissipating systems, the focus is particularly on the potassium chann ...
... Here, recent papers concerning mitochondria from durum wheat and the related literature are reviewed to infer the possible involvement of plant mitochondria in adaptation to drought-induced oxidative stress. Among the three energy-dissipating systems, the focus is particularly on the potassium chann ...
Lecture 2 - cholesterol _CVS block
... • Most plasma cholesterol is esterified with a fatty acid • CEs are not present in membranes and in small amounts in most cells • More hydrophobic than cholesterol ...
... • Most plasma cholesterol is esterified with a fatty acid • CEs are not present in membranes and in small amounts in most cells • More hydrophobic than cholesterol ...
Some Structural and Kinetic Aspects of L
... time homotropic cooperativity effector (Munoz & Ponce, 2003; Gunasekaran et al., 2004; Koshland & Hamadani, 2002; Ainslie et al., 1972). Cooperativity of L type PK towards PEP depends additionally on phosphorylation on the N-terminal end of its subunit. Thus, the kinetic properties of types L and M1 ...
... time homotropic cooperativity effector (Munoz & Ponce, 2003; Gunasekaran et al., 2004; Koshland & Hamadani, 2002; Ainslie et al., 1972). Cooperativity of L type PK towards PEP depends additionally on phosphorylation on the N-terminal end of its subunit. Thus, the kinetic properties of types L and M1 ...
Structural Basis of Biological Nitrogen Fixation
... MgADP. The original crystal structure of Av2 contained a low occupancy ADP molecule that apparently was carried from the protein purification.48 The ADP was positioned across the subunit-subunit interface, perpendicular to the 2-fold axis such that the purine ring was bound to one subunit and the ph ...
... MgADP. The original crystal structure of Av2 contained a low occupancy ADP molecule that apparently was carried from the protein purification.48 The ADP was positioned across the subunit-subunit interface, perpendicular to the 2-fold axis such that the purine ring was bound to one subunit and the ph ...
Exercise and Cellular Respiration
... Mechanisms for ATP generation in the muscle 1. Aerobic oxidation of substrates (carbohydrates and fatty acids) 2. The anaerobic hydrolysis of phosphocreatine (PCr) 3. Anaerobic glycolysis produces lactic acid ...
... Mechanisms for ATP generation in the muscle 1. Aerobic oxidation of substrates (carbohydrates and fatty acids) 2. The anaerobic hydrolysis of phosphocreatine (PCr) 3. Anaerobic glycolysis produces lactic acid ...
Crystal structure of ATP sulfurylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... (S16±S20), but with a 2-3-1-4-5 topology. This structural classi®cation reveals its close relationship to the superfamily of P-loop-containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases and the family of nucleotide kinases, indicating a common evolutionary origin with APS kinase. Typical members of this fam ...
... (S16±S20), but with a 2-3-1-4-5 topology. This structural classi®cation reveals its close relationship to the superfamily of P-loop-containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases and the family of nucleotide kinases, indicating a common evolutionary origin with APS kinase. Typical members of this fam ...
glycogen metabolism
... • glycogen synthase, is the key regulatory enzyme in glycogen synthesis. • It can add glucosyl residues only if the polysaccharide chain already contains more than four residues. • Thus, glycogen synthesis requires a primer. – This priming function is carried out by glycogenin, a protein composed o ...
... • glycogen synthase, is the key regulatory enzyme in glycogen synthesis. • It can add glucosyl residues only if the polysaccharide chain already contains more than four residues. • Thus, glycogen synthesis requires a primer. – This priming function is carried out by glycogenin, a protein composed o ...
Chapter 12 - The Citric Acid Cycle Energy in the citric acid cycle
... Structure of the SDH complex • Complex of several polypeptides, an FAD prosthetic group and iron-sulfur clusters • Electrons are transferred from succinate to ubiquinone (Q), a lipid-soluble mobile carrier of reducing power • FADH2 generated is reoxidized by Q • QH2 is released as a mobile product ...
... Structure of the SDH complex • Complex of several polypeptides, an FAD prosthetic group and iron-sulfur clusters • Electrons are transferred from succinate to ubiquinone (Q), a lipid-soluble mobile carrier of reducing power • FADH2 generated is reoxidized by Q • QH2 is released as a mobile product ...
The Effect of Disulphides on Mitochondrial Oxidations
... mixture was adjusted to 3ml. with 0 15M-KCI. The centre of the reaction. The activity of a-oxoglutarate dehydrogenwell of each flask contained 0-2ml. of 15% (w/v) KOH. ase was calculated according to the method of Searls & Substrates and the appropriate thiol or disulphide were Sanadi (1960) from th ...
... mixture was adjusted to 3ml. with 0 15M-KCI. The centre of the reaction. The activity of a-oxoglutarate dehydrogenwell of each flask contained 0-2ml. of 15% (w/v) KOH. ase was calculated according to the method of Searls & Substrates and the appropriate thiol or disulphide were Sanadi (1960) from th ...
1 Anaerobic Respiration
... Read these passages from the text and answer the questions that follow. Fermentation An important way of making ATP without oxygen is called fermentation. It involves glycolysis but not the other two stages of aerobic respiration. Many bacteria and yeasts carry out fermentation. People use these org ...
... Read these passages from the text and answer the questions that follow. Fermentation An important way of making ATP without oxygen is called fermentation. It involves glycolysis but not the other two stages of aerobic respiration. Many bacteria and yeasts carry out fermentation. People use these org ...
Enzyme
... a) dehydrogenases catalyze oxidativereducing reactions b) carboxylases need ATP for their function c) kinases transfer a phosphate from an energy rich compound to a substrate d) hydroxylases catalyze oxidation of a substrate ...
... a) dehydrogenases catalyze oxidativereducing reactions b) carboxylases need ATP for their function c) kinases transfer a phosphate from an energy rich compound to a substrate d) hydroxylases catalyze oxidation of a substrate ...
Enzyme kinetics and its relevance to enzyme assay
... aminotransferase whereas at Westminster Hospital probably less than 10% showed such a relationship. The difference proved to be due to the use in the Pennsylvania laboratory of optimal conditions whereas the older method was then employed at Westminster. Similar coupled systems may be used for the a ...
... aminotransferase whereas at Westminster Hospital probably less than 10% showed such a relationship. The difference proved to be due to the use in the Pennsylvania laboratory of optimal conditions whereas the older method was then employed at Westminster. Similar coupled systems may be used for the a ...
Cobalt Biology Discussion - 1-29-15
... are bound to the Co(III)-center, one axial ligand is bound to the Co(II)-center, and it is assumed that no axial ligands are bound to the Co(I)-center. The four equatorial nitrogen ligands of the corrin macrocycle are bound in each of the three oxidation states, therefore electron transfer reactions ...
... are bound to the Co(III)-center, one axial ligand is bound to the Co(II)-center, and it is assumed that no axial ligands are bound to the Co(I)-center. The four equatorial nitrogen ligands of the corrin macrocycle are bound in each of the three oxidation states, therefore electron transfer reactions ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.