![A novel zinc-dependent D-serine dehydratase](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/006578677_1-c462d5378775efc3fe37169fc89f11bf-300x300.png)
A novel zinc-dependent D-serine dehydratase
... Several D-amino acids have been discovered in eukaryotes, including mammals, and they are reported to have various physiological functions. For example, D-aspartate has been found in the mammalian central nervous system and endocrine tissues and has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of ...
... Several D-amino acids have been discovered in eukaryotes, including mammals, and they are reported to have various physiological functions. For example, D-aspartate has been found in the mammalian central nervous system and endocrine tissues and has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of ...
PDF - School of Chemical Sciences
... expense of NADPH and the lack of a good regeneration system. Hence the development of an efficient NADPH regeneration system is highly desired. Phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH) [21] is a promising NADH regeneration catalyst that fulfills many of the criteria for efficient cofactor recycling systems such ...
... expense of NADPH and the lack of a good regeneration system. Hence the development of an efficient NADPH regeneration system is highly desired. Phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH) [21] is a promising NADH regeneration catalyst that fulfills many of the criteria for efficient cofactor recycling systems such ...
as a PDF
... such as proteins and lipids. The oxidizing intermediates formed by autoxidation are proposed to be a cause for some of the structural damage seen in diabetes. This reaction is often catalyzed by transition metals, and even with the catalyst, the reaction is very slow. These ketoaldehyde products may ...
... such as proteins and lipids. The oxidizing intermediates formed by autoxidation are proposed to be a cause for some of the structural damage seen in diabetes. This reaction is often catalyzed by transition metals, and even with the catalyst, the reaction is very slow. These ketoaldehyde products may ...
Acetate kinase from CIostridiurn acetobutylicurn : a highly specific
... Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. ...
... Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. ...
OMPROT PP2 ver4 - Plant Physiology
... undergo fusion, fission and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004; Sheahan et al., 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. While mitochondria do play a central role in ...
... undergo fusion, fission and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004; Sheahan et al., 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. While mitochondria do play a central role in ...
PDF - Yeh Lab
... the accumulation of hydrolyzed product was largely unchanged across the same concentration range. Representative time courses were taken at detergent concentrations equal to 0.5⫻ CMC and 2⫻ CMC. Both linearity of the time course and rate enhancement of the cyclization reaction were seen only at dete ...
... the accumulation of hydrolyzed product was largely unchanged across the same concentration range. Representative time courses were taken at detergent concentrations equal to 0.5⫻ CMC and 2⫻ CMC. Both linearity of the time course and rate enhancement of the cyclization reaction were seen only at dete ...
Enzymes responsible for chlorate reduction by Pseudomonas sp
... Received 2 February 2005; received in revised form 29 April 2005; accepted 1 May 2005 First published online 17 May 2005 Edited by S. Silver ...
... Received 2 February 2005; received in revised form 29 April 2005; accepted 1 May 2005 First published online 17 May 2005 Edited by S. Silver ...
Carbamate Transport in Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase: A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation
... The two narrow parts render two free energy barriers of 6.7 and 8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Three water pockets were filled with about 21, 9, and 9 waters, respectively, and the corresponding relative free energies of carbamate residing in these free energy minima are 5.8, 0, and 1.6 kcal/mol, respe ...
... The two narrow parts render two free energy barriers of 6.7 and 8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Three water pockets were filled with about 21, 9, and 9 waters, respectively, and the corresponding relative free energies of carbamate residing in these free energy minima are 5.8, 0, and 1.6 kcal/mol, respe ...
Discovery of substrate cycles in large scale metabolic networks
... was to focus on EFMs internal to the network. We then removed cofactors (for full list see Additional file 1: Removed_Metabolites), as these metabolites were not balanced for EFM computation to identify substrate cycles. The classification of a metabolite as either cofactor or main metabolite can in ...
... was to focus on EFMs internal to the network. We then removed cofactors (for full list see Additional file 1: Removed_Metabolites), as these metabolites were not balanced for EFM computation to identify substrate cycles. The classification of a metabolite as either cofactor or main metabolite can in ...
Fat to the fire: the regulation of lipid oxidation
... blood volume that is plasma [ Q plasma=Q (1 Hematocrit)], because FFA are not transported in red blood cells. Once at the myocyte, the rate of FFA uptake is dependent on many factors including transporter density, myocyte cytosolic protein binding capacity, and activation of the FFA to acyl-CoAs to ...
... blood volume that is plasma [ Q plasma=Q (1 Hematocrit)], because FFA are not transported in red blood cells. Once at the myocyte, the rate of FFA uptake is dependent on many factors including transporter density, myocyte cytosolic protein binding capacity, and activation of the FFA to acyl-CoAs to ...
Yeast lipid metabolism at a glance
... enriched in PS, whereas cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) are predominantly found in mitochondria (Zinser et al., 1991). Besides PL, sphingolipids (SL) and sterols also contribute to the membrane architecture. SL are especially found in the plasma membrane, but also in other organelles ...
... enriched in PS, whereas cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) are predominantly found in mitochondria (Zinser et al., 1991). Besides PL, sphingolipids (SL) and sterols also contribute to the membrane architecture. SL are especially found in the plasma membrane, but also in other organelles ...
SOD is an enzyme with four different types of metal
... superoxide radical inflicts major damage to the body, and SOD, eliminates the destructive radical, the body's first line of defense. Several forms of SOD exist: these are the proteins cofactored with either copper and zinc, or manganese, iron, or nickel. Thus, there are three families of superoxide ...
... superoxide radical inflicts major damage to the body, and SOD, eliminates the destructive radical, the body's first line of defense. Several forms of SOD exist: these are the proteins cofactored with either copper and zinc, or manganese, iron, or nickel. Thus, there are three families of superoxide ...
Lipid Storage Metabolism Is Limited by the
... supply of reducing power and ATP from the photosynthetic light reactions, which serve as cofactors in the reactions of ACCase and fatty acid synthase. Other reports demonstrate feedback inhibition of ACCase in response to fatty acid supply (Shintani and Ohlrogge, 1995), providing a mechanism to adap ...
... supply of reducing power and ATP from the photosynthetic light reactions, which serve as cofactors in the reactions of ACCase and fatty acid synthase. Other reports demonstrate feedback inhibition of ACCase in response to fatty acid supply (Shintani and Ohlrogge, 1995), providing a mechanism to adap ...
lipids and thyroid hormones - Deep Blue
... liver mitochondria rather than the number of mitochondria per cell. Reasons to think that the CL/PL ratio of such an altered mitochondrion regulates its inner membrane properties are discussed in Section IV. Fatty acyl compositions of PL are more consistently found to be thyroid-dependent, although ...
... liver mitochondria rather than the number of mitochondria per cell. Reasons to think that the CL/PL ratio of such an altered mitochondrion regulates its inner membrane properties are discussed in Section IV. Fatty acyl compositions of PL are more consistently found to be thyroid-dependent, although ...
Hydrolysis of Bradykinin by Angiotensin
... (HEPES) was purchased from Calbiochem. The dipeptides, serylproline (Ser-Pro), phenylalanylarginine (PheArg), and Gly-Phe, were purchased from Fox Chemical Company. The concentrations of standard solutions of the peptides were determined by amino acid analysis following acid hydrolysis. The syntheti ...
... (HEPES) was purchased from Calbiochem. The dipeptides, serylproline (Ser-Pro), phenylalanylarginine (PheArg), and Gly-Phe, were purchased from Fox Chemical Company. The concentrations of standard solutions of the peptides were determined by amino acid analysis following acid hydrolysis. The syntheti ...
Міністерство охорони здоров`я України Харківський
... two carboxyl groups, the second carboxyl group being part of the side chain. In solution at physiological pH the side chain of a polar acidic amino acid has a negative charge; the side chain carboxyl group loses its acidic hydrogen atom. ...
... two carboxyl groups, the second carboxyl group being part of the side chain. In solution at physiological pH the side chain of a polar acidic amino acid has a negative charge; the side chain carboxyl group loses its acidic hydrogen atom. ...
Vitamin B2: Riboflavin
... ● Composed from 3 ring structure call flavin and 5 carbon chain sugar alcohol named ribitol2 ...
... ● Composed from 3 ring structure call flavin and 5 carbon chain sugar alcohol named ribitol2 ...
Metabolism
... • Glucose and galactose are absorbed very rapidly and hence it has been suggested that they are absorbed actively and it requires energy. • Fructose absorption is also rapid but not so much as compared to glucose and galactose but it is definitely faster than pentoses. Hence fructose is not absorbed ...
... • Glucose and galactose are absorbed very rapidly and hence it has been suggested that they are absorbed actively and it requires energy. • Fructose absorption is also rapid but not so much as compared to glucose and galactose but it is definitely faster than pentoses. Hence fructose is not absorbed ...
Purification and properties of NADP +-dependent
... Studies in our laboratory indicated that glycerol metabolism in A . niger differs somewhat from that in A. nidulans. A glycerol kinase mutant of A. niger, unlike a similar A . nidulans mutant, was found to grow on DHA ( C . F. B. Witteveen and others, unpublished results). Rohr et al. (1983) and Leg ...
... Studies in our laboratory indicated that glycerol metabolism in A . niger differs somewhat from that in A. nidulans. A glycerol kinase mutant of A. niger, unlike a similar A . nidulans mutant, was found to grow on DHA ( C . F. B. Witteveen and others, unpublished results). Rohr et al. (1983) and Leg ...
University of Groningen Molecular basis of two novel
... six-stranded parallel β-sheet flanked by five α-helices, a sub-domain consisting of a fourhelix bundle, and, in some enzymes, a dimerization domain of two anti-parallel α-helices (Figure 2B) (Hisano et al., 1996; Ridder et al., 1997). This fold is completely different from the α/β-hydrolase fold of ...
... six-stranded parallel β-sheet flanked by five α-helices, a sub-domain consisting of a fourhelix bundle, and, in some enzymes, a dimerization domain of two anti-parallel α-helices (Figure 2B) (Hisano et al., 1996; Ridder et al., 1997). This fold is completely different from the α/β-hydrolase fold of ...
3. BIOMOLECULES I. CARBOHYDRATES
... 5. 9. 5. Factors influencing the function of enzymes .............................................................. 10. 10. THE METABOLIC PROCESSES I. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM ....................... 1. 10. 1. Carbohydrate biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms ..................................... ...
... 5. 9. 5. Factors influencing the function of enzymes .............................................................. 10. 10. THE METABOLIC PROCESSES I. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM ....................... 1. 10. 1. Carbohydrate biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms ..................................... ...
Multiple Hydrogen Kinetic Isotope Effects for Enzymes Catalyzing
... substrate ionizations on commitment factors (34). The pKa values in Table 1 allow one to calculate the pL values at which the enzyme is in equivalent protonation states in H2O and D2O. These were calculated to be 8.48 and 8.90 for H2O and D2O, respectively, at 25 °C. Precise kinetic isotope effects ...
... substrate ionizations on commitment factors (34). The pKa values in Table 1 allow one to calculate the pL values at which the enzyme is in equivalent protonation states in H2O and D2O. These were calculated to be 8.48 and 8.90 for H2O and D2O, respectively, at 25 °C. Precise kinetic isotope effects ...
Are there errors in glycogen biosynthesis and is laforin a repair
... at C2 and C3 of glucose residues [4]. For many years, the origin and function of the phosphate was obscure. Recently, however, Tagliabracci et al. [4] reported that in vitro the normal biosynthetic enzyme, glycogen synthase, was capable of introducing phosphate that originated as the β-phosphate of ...
... at C2 and C3 of glucose residues [4]. For many years, the origin and function of the phosphate was obscure. Recently, however, Tagliabracci et al. [4] reported that in vitro the normal biosynthetic enzyme, glycogen synthase, was capable of introducing phosphate that originated as the β-phosphate of ...
PDF - DigiNole! - Florida State University
... fully used to model the interaction of lactate dehydrogenase with three substrates.10 Coordinates for the 2,5-DKG substrate were generated from the published solution structure.11 The major structural form of 2,5-DKG in aqueous solution, as determined by 13C NMR, is the gem-diol hydrate at the C5 of ...
... fully used to model the interaction of lactate dehydrogenase with three substrates.10 Coordinates for the 2,5-DKG substrate were generated from the published solution structure.11 The major structural form of 2,5-DKG in aqueous solution, as determined by 13C NMR, is the gem-diol hydrate at the C5 of ...
BLUEPRINT OF THE CORE TOPICS IN BIOCHEMISTRY
... A. source of energy C. regulate hormone functions B. transport molecules D. preservation and transfer of genetic material _B__60. Complete hydrolysis of RNA nucleotides will yield this product, EXCEPT: A. phosphate C. adenine B. deoxyribose D. uracil _D__61. This type of mutation will result to a fr ...
... A. source of energy C. regulate hormone functions B. transport molecules D. preservation and transfer of genetic material _B__60. Complete hydrolysis of RNA nucleotides will yield this product, EXCEPT: A. phosphate C. adenine B. deoxyribose D. uracil _D__61. This type of mutation will result to a fr ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.