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Serine racemase: a KEY PLAYER in NEURON activity and in
... All these SRs crystallized as dimers, whereas in solution SR forms dimers with traces of tetramers (12). Dimers are stabilized by the formation of hydrophobic contacts, without the involvement of any disulfide bridge (20-22). Covalently cross-linked dimers were observed in the presence of reactive o ...
... All these SRs crystallized as dimers, whereas in solution SR forms dimers with traces of tetramers (12). Dimers are stabilized by the formation of hydrophobic contacts, without the involvement of any disulfide bridge (20-22). Covalently cross-linked dimers were observed in the presence of reactive o ...
Curriculum Vitae - Université Paris-Sud
... latent image or the effects of radiation were at that time unexplained. Progressively, the complexity of the specific absorption of high-energy radiation by matter, including the non-homogeneous spatial distribution of initial ions and radicals, was better understood, at least in aqueous solutions. ...
... latent image or the effects of radiation were at that time unexplained. Progressively, the complexity of the specific absorption of high-energy radiation by matter, including the non-homogeneous spatial distribution of initial ions and radicals, was better understood, at least in aqueous solutions. ...
risk and technical assessment report
... were no concerns with the safety of B. circulans, when used as a source of β-galactosidase. Question 2: What is the risk to the public from the use of β-galactosidase derived from B. circulans as a processing aid? No safety concerns with the use of this enzyme as a processing aid were raised. The sa ...
... were no concerns with the safety of B. circulans, when used as a source of β-galactosidase. Question 2: What is the risk to the public from the use of β-galactosidase derived from B. circulans as a processing aid? No safety concerns with the use of this enzyme as a processing aid were raised. The sa ...
Autocatalytic sets in E. coli metabolism
... A CRS may not contain any RAF, but when it does it always contains a unique maximal RAF (maxRAF), and this maxRAF is the one the RAF algorithm finds. Moreover, it has been shown that a maxRAF can often be decomposed into several smaller subsets which themselves are RAF sets (subRAFs) [28]. If such a ...
... A CRS may not contain any RAF, but when it does it always contains a unique maximal RAF (maxRAF), and this maxRAF is the one the RAF algorithm finds. Moreover, it has been shown that a maxRAF can often be decomposed into several smaller subsets which themselves are RAF sets (subRAFs) [28]. If such a ...
Autocatalytic sets in E. coli metabolism
... A CRS may not contain any RAF, but when it does it always contains a unique maximal RAF (maxRAF), and this maxRAF is the one the RAF algorithm finds. Moreover, it has been shown that a maxRAF can often be decomposed into several smaller subsets which themselves are RAF sets (subRAFs) [28]. If such a ...
... A CRS may not contain any RAF, but when it does it always contains a unique maximal RAF (maxRAF), and this maxRAF is the one the RAF algorithm finds. Moreover, it has been shown that a maxRAF can often be decomposed into several smaller subsets which themselves are RAF sets (subRAFs) [28]. If such a ...
Chemical Modifications and Kinetic Study of Ribonuclease Sa Active
... groups of the active site. These specific interactions are performed most probably through the formation of H-bridges between the donor — acceptor groups of the enzyme and the heterocyclic base. Comparison of inhibition constants for G u o 3'-P and Ino-3'-P shows that the exchange of NH 2 group in p ...
... groups of the active site. These specific interactions are performed most probably through the formation of H-bridges between the donor — acceptor groups of the enzyme and the heterocyclic base. Comparison of inhibition constants for G u o 3'-P and Ino-3'-P shows that the exchange of NH 2 group in p ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... 42 C; at 30 C it is slightly decreased for strain H-1119 and impaired for strain TKL-46 (Fig. 2). The level and distribution of the alaninecontaining murein precursors in both mutants differ from strain KMBL-146 at both temperatures (Table 1). The low activities of the impaired enzymes limit the rat ...
... 42 C; at 30 C it is slightly decreased for strain H-1119 and impaired for strain TKL-46 (Fig. 2). The level and distribution of the alaninecontaining murein precursors in both mutants differ from strain KMBL-146 at both temperatures (Table 1). The low activities of the impaired enzymes limit the rat ...
Specialised training
... Outline the relationship between ‘VO2 max’ and ‘lactate threshold’. (3 marks) A. VO2 max – the maximum amount of oxygen utilised/equiv per unit of time/per minute B. Lactate threshold – the point at which lactic acid starts to accumulate in the blood/OBLA C. Lactate threshold is a percentage of VO2m ...
... Outline the relationship between ‘VO2 max’ and ‘lactate threshold’. (3 marks) A. VO2 max – the maximum amount of oxygen utilised/equiv per unit of time/per minute B. Lactate threshold – the point at which lactic acid starts to accumulate in the blood/OBLA C. Lactate threshold is a percentage of VO2m ...
FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATASE FROM GOAT LIVER: A POSSIBLE TARGET FOR
... essential coenzyme form of the vitamin riboflavin, and occurs widespread in plant and animal organisms [1, 34]. FMN and FAD are formed from riboflavin in liver, intestinal mucosa and other tissues. A great number of mammalian enzymes require FMN or Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as coenzymes for ...
... essential coenzyme form of the vitamin riboflavin, and occurs widespread in plant and animal organisms [1, 34]. FMN and FAD are formed from riboflavin in liver, intestinal mucosa and other tissues. A great number of mammalian enzymes require FMN or Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as coenzymes for ...
Fructokinase (Fraction III)of Pea Seeds
... some assays when the MgATP concentration was 2 mM. In separate experiments it was found that UDP was less inhibitory than ADP: under conditions of the standard assay, 1.5 mM MgUDP inhibited pea seed fructokinase III by 10%. Effect of Metabolites. Both glucose-6-P (final concentration 6 mm) and fruct ...
... some assays when the MgATP concentration was 2 mM. In separate experiments it was found that UDP was less inhibitory than ADP: under conditions of the standard assay, 1.5 mM MgUDP inhibited pea seed fructokinase III by 10%. Effect of Metabolites. Both glucose-6-P (final concentration 6 mm) and fruct ...
Protein-Engineered Biocatalysts in Industry
... ■ The process is continued until desired reactivity is reached ...
... ■ The process is continued until desired reactivity is reached ...
Biochemistry2 2016 Lecture Glycogen Metabolism
... path on the right predominates when lactate is the precursor, because cytosolic NADH is generated in the lactate dehydrogenase reaction and does not have to be shuttled out of the mitochondrion. Constitutive to several pathways is pyruvate carboxylase which produces OAA. ...
... path on the right predominates when lactate is the precursor, because cytosolic NADH is generated in the lactate dehydrogenase reaction and does not have to be shuttled out of the mitochondrion. Constitutive to several pathways is pyruvate carboxylase which produces OAA. ...
Threonine Metabolism via Two-carbon Compounds
... had been grown initially on threonine medium. Good growth occurred on acetate alone. Growth on an equimolar mixture of acetate plus glycine took place without lag as rapidly as growth on threonine. No growth occurred on 2-oxobutyrate medium. Washed suspensions of Pse udomonas oxalaticus grown on L-t ...
... had been grown initially on threonine medium. Good growth occurred on acetate alone. Growth on an equimolar mixture of acetate plus glycine took place without lag as rapidly as growth on threonine. No growth occurred on 2-oxobutyrate medium. Washed suspensions of Pse udomonas oxalaticus grown on L-t ...
Fatty acid oxidation and the P-oxidation complex in
... pathogenic for mice. These strains were grown in experimental animals as well as axenically with and ...
... pathogenic for mice. These strains were grown in experimental animals as well as axenically with and ...
emboj2009339-sup
... Peptides were covalently coupled via carboxyl groups to aminoaryl polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Sequelon membranes), according to manufacturer’s instructions (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Briefly, the coupling procedure was initiated by spotting the sample to be coupled in 5μL aliquot ...
... Peptides were covalently coupled via carboxyl groups to aminoaryl polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Sequelon membranes), according to manufacturer’s instructions (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Briefly, the coupling procedure was initiated by spotting the sample to be coupled in 5μL aliquot ...
A: _____/18
... The transition state is a high energy intermediate in the reaction. By reducing the energy of the transition state, enzyme will increase the concentration of the transition state, thus increasing the rate of the reaction (6 pts). The reduction in energy of the transition state can be due to two fact ...
... The transition state is a high energy intermediate in the reaction. By reducing the energy of the transition state, enzyme will increase the concentration of the transition state, thus increasing the rate of the reaction (6 pts). The reduction in energy of the transition state can be due to two fact ...
Part 5 Coenzyme-Dependent Enzyme Mechansims
... Acyl Carrier Protein (ACCP) • 4-Phosphopantetheine moiety, linked via its phosphate group to the hydroxyl group of serine, is the active component in another important molecule in lipid metabolism, acyl carrier protein • This is a small protein (8.8 kDa), which is part of the mechanism of fatty aci ...
... Acyl Carrier Protein (ACCP) • 4-Phosphopantetheine moiety, linked via its phosphate group to the hydroxyl group of serine, is the active component in another important molecule in lipid metabolism, acyl carrier protein • This is a small protein (8.8 kDa), which is part of the mechanism of fatty aci ...
Mechanism of CS, Cont`d
... Acyl Carrier Protein (ACCP) • 4-Phosphopantetheine moiety, linked via its phosphate group to the hydroxyl group of serine, is the active component in another important molecule in lipid metabolism, acyl carrier protein • This is a small protein (8.8 kDa), which is part of the mechanism of fatty aci ...
... Acyl Carrier Protein (ACCP) • 4-Phosphopantetheine moiety, linked via its phosphate group to the hydroxyl group of serine, is the active component in another important molecule in lipid metabolism, acyl carrier protein • This is a small protein (8.8 kDa), which is part of the mechanism of fatty aci ...
Multiple Lines of Evidence Localize Signaling
... Using GFP tagging, mitochondria have been visualized to undergo fusion, fission, and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004, 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. Whi ...
... Using GFP tagging, mitochondria have been visualized to undergo fusion, fission, and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004, 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. Whi ...
Mechanism of action of exo-acting α-1,4-glucan lyase
... Amino acid sequence alignments also reveal interesting features (Yu et al., 1999). The two subfamilies of sequenced GLases, algal and fungal enzymes share no amino acid sequence similarity with any known polysaccharide lyases. Instead, GLases exhibit 23–28% sequence similarity with α-glucosidases of ...
... Amino acid sequence alignments also reveal interesting features (Yu et al., 1999). The two subfamilies of sequenced GLases, algal and fungal enzymes share no amino acid sequence similarity with any known polysaccharide lyases. Instead, GLases exhibit 23–28% sequence similarity with α-glucosidases of ...
16 Gluconeogenesis
... from Noncarbohydrate Precursors Although glucose is usually available in the environment of most organisms, this molecule is so important biochemically that a pathway exists in virtually all forms of life to synthesize it from simple precursors. The gluconeogenic pathway converts pyruvate into gluco ...
... from Noncarbohydrate Precursors Although glucose is usually available in the environment of most organisms, this molecule is so important biochemically that a pathway exists in virtually all forms of life to synthesize it from simple precursors. The gluconeogenic pathway converts pyruvate into gluco ...
enzymes lecture 3
... slower rate than [ES] complex, the reaction may be slowed but not stopped. Irreversible non competitive inhibition decreases Vmax but does not affect Km. ...
... slower rate than [ES] complex, the reaction may be slowed but not stopped. Irreversible non competitive inhibition decreases Vmax but does not affect Km. ...
the arithmetical phenomena of symmetry in the genetic code with the
... 5 modules - 40 protons 10 atoms - 40 protons Fig.1. Molecular structure and Petoukhov’s structure of the 20 amino acids (inspired by S. Petoukhov’s paper) So, a module is a grouping of one non-hydrogen atom with from 0 to 3 hydrogen atoms. These modules are described by S. Petoukhov in a number from ...
... 5 modules - 40 protons 10 atoms - 40 protons Fig.1. Molecular structure and Petoukhov’s structure of the 20 amino acids (inspired by S. Petoukhov’s paper) So, a module is a grouping of one non-hydrogen atom with from 0 to 3 hydrogen atoms. These modules are described by S. Petoukhov in a number from ...
Mutating the second glutamate in the amidase active site
... identifies the cysteine, glutamate (E1), lysine catalytic triad (3,4). The further, structurallyconserved glutamate (E2) is not recognizable from sequence conservation alone as it is located in a loop of variable length, on an exposed surface of the enzyme. The catalytic role of the second glutamate ...
... identifies the cysteine, glutamate (E1), lysine catalytic triad (3,4). The further, structurallyconserved glutamate (E2) is not recognizable from sequence conservation alone as it is located in a loop of variable length, on an exposed surface of the enzyme. The catalytic role of the second glutamate ...
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Pumpkin Short
... maize (Olsen and Huang, 1988), and employing both crude tissue extracts and peroxisomes isolated from normal, carbohydrate-starved, and carbohydrate-fed maize root tips (Hooks et al., 1995). A short-chain ACOX was identified and purified to apparent homogeneity from maize plantlets. It was reported ...
... maize (Olsen and Huang, 1988), and employing both crude tissue extracts and peroxisomes isolated from normal, carbohydrate-starved, and carbohydrate-fed maize root tips (Hooks et al., 1995). A short-chain ACOX was identified and purified to apparent homogeneity from maize plantlets. It was reported ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.