![Chemistry of Carbohydrates](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009917307_1-0b8908ad7104016647b2fa72342f6b1a-300x300.png)
Chemistry of Carbohydrates
... pancreatic β islet cells hexokinase is saturated under all normal conditions, therefore, both the liver & pancreatic β islet cells also contain an isoenzyme of hexokinase called glucokinase, which has lower affinity for its substrate (specific on glucose) so it acts at a higher glucose concentration ...
... pancreatic β islet cells hexokinase is saturated under all normal conditions, therefore, both the liver & pancreatic β islet cells also contain an isoenzyme of hexokinase called glucokinase, which has lower affinity for its substrate (specific on glucose) so it acts at a higher glucose concentration ...
Carbohydrate metabolism
... Glucose is transported through cell membrane of different tissues by different protein carriers or transporters. Extracellular glucose binds to the transporter, which then alters its conformations, then transport glucose across the membrane. •GLUT1: present mainly in red cells, and retina. •GLUT2: p ...
... Glucose is transported through cell membrane of different tissues by different protein carriers or transporters. Extracellular glucose binds to the transporter, which then alters its conformations, then transport glucose across the membrane. •GLUT1: present mainly in red cells, and retina. •GLUT2: p ...
Document
... • The process of oxidation completely from glucose to CO2 and H2O is named aerobic oxidation • This process is the major process to provide energy for ...
... • The process of oxidation completely from glucose to CO2 and H2O is named aerobic oxidation • This process is the major process to provide energy for ...
Amino Acid Oxidation, the Production of Urea, and Amino Acid
... cycle and the α-ketoglutarate that results enters the TCA Cycle followed by gluconeogenesis with the resulting glucose being sent back to the tissues (very likely possibility). Alanine from the tissues is transported into the liver mitochondrial matrix where it is transaminated with αketoglutarate a ...
... cycle and the α-ketoglutarate that results enters the TCA Cycle followed by gluconeogenesis with the resulting glucose being sent back to the tissues (very likely possibility). Alanine from the tissues is transported into the liver mitochondrial matrix where it is transaminated with αketoglutarate a ...
Generation of ATP during Cytochrome-linked
... Dual-wavelength experiments (Fig. 2 ) show that membrane suspensions from Propionibacterium jkwdenreichii reduced cytochrome b equally in the presence of D-lactate and L-lactate. After addition of lactate to membrane suspensions, oxidized with air, the aerobic steady state (45”/0reduction of cytochr ...
... Dual-wavelength experiments (Fig. 2 ) show that membrane suspensions from Propionibacterium jkwdenreichii reduced cytochrome b equally in the presence of D-lactate and L-lactate. After addition of lactate to membrane suspensions, oxidized with air, the aerobic steady state (45”/0reduction of cytochr ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... however, it can be used to produce energy (4 or 6 ATP) by respiratory chain phosphorylation in the mitochondria. 2. This can be done by using special carriers for hydrogen of NADH+H+ These carriers are either dihydroxyacetone phosphate (Glycerophosphate ...
... however, it can be used to produce energy (4 or 6 ATP) by respiratory chain phosphorylation in the mitochondria. 2. This can be done by using special carriers for hydrogen of NADH+H+ These carriers are either dihydroxyacetone phosphate (Glycerophosphate ...
Glucose
... one substrate level prosphorylation; • Generation: one FADH2,three NADH+H+,two CO2, one GTP; • Key enzyme:citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. ...
... one substrate level prosphorylation; • Generation: one FADH2,three NADH+H+,two CO2, one GTP; • Key enzyme:citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. ...
phys chapter 78 [2-9
... Between meals, amount of insulin secreted too small to promote significant amounts of glucose entry Muscles use large amounts of glucose during moderate to heavy exercise (exercising muscle fibers become more permeable to glucose even in absence of insulin because of contraction process itself) o Mu ...
... Between meals, amount of insulin secreted too small to promote significant amounts of glucose entry Muscles use large amounts of glucose during moderate to heavy exercise (exercising muscle fibers become more permeable to glucose even in absence of insulin because of contraction process itself) o Mu ...
Acyl-CoA
... - Triglycerides (or triacylglycerols) are fatty acid esters (usually with different fatty acid R groups) of glycerol—see §1.4! - Triglycerides are largely stored in the adipose tissue where they function as “high-energy” reservoirs—due to being more reduced (carry more electrons, or more hydrogens!) ...
... - Triglycerides (or triacylglycerols) are fatty acid esters (usually with different fatty acid R groups) of glycerol—see §1.4! - Triglycerides are largely stored in the adipose tissue where they function as “high-energy” reservoirs—due to being more reduced (carry more electrons, or more hydrogens!) ...
L-Carnitine in human metabolism
... • The metabolic pathways link the main vital organs and tissues • L-Carnitine is strictly linked to the metabolic pathways of main vital organ and tissues • Carnitine deficiency induces derangement of the metabolic pathways with impairment of the vital organs and tissues ...
... • The metabolic pathways link the main vital organs and tissues • L-Carnitine is strictly linked to the metabolic pathways of main vital organ and tissues • Carnitine deficiency induces derangement of the metabolic pathways with impairment of the vital organs and tissues ...
Fatty Acid Oxid
... Peroxisomes also contain enzymes for an essential -oxidation pathway that degrades fatty acids having methyl branches, such as phytanic acid, a breakdown product of chlorophyll. ...
... Peroxisomes also contain enzymes for an essential -oxidation pathway that degrades fatty acids having methyl branches, such as phytanic acid, a breakdown product of chlorophyll. ...
Proof of the Mysterious Efficacy of Ginseng: Basic and Clinical Trials
... EM1 and EM4 in the tissues is the first evidence for their hypothesis. Metabolic regulation of ginsenoside metabolites (M1 and M4) differed from those glycosides which are conjugated with glucronic acid (ex., glycyrrhetic acid and baicalein, the sapogenins of glycyrrhizin and baicalin) (1). Pharmaco ...
... EM1 and EM4 in the tissues is the first evidence for their hypothesis. Metabolic regulation of ginsenoside metabolites (M1 and M4) differed from those glycosides which are conjugated with glucronic acid (ex., glycyrrhetic acid and baicalein, the sapogenins of glycyrrhizin and baicalin) (1). Pharmaco ...
赣南医学院教案
... 3. Mix, incubate at room temperature for 10min, and then filter respectively. 4. Add chromogenic agent powders into three fossae of a white porcelain plate with a spoon. Drop 1-2 drops filtrate into fossae one by one. Observe the change of color in every fossa and analyze the results. Ketone bodies ...
... 3. Mix, incubate at room temperature for 10min, and then filter respectively. 4. Add chromogenic agent powders into three fossae of a white porcelain plate with a spoon. Drop 1-2 drops filtrate into fossae one by one. Observe the change of color in every fossa and analyze the results. Ketone bodies ...
Anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of glucose
... enzyme lactase, which cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose. Microorganisms in the colon ferment undigested lactose to lactic acid generating methane (CH4) and hydrogen gas (H2). The gas produced creates the uncomfortable feeling of gut distention and the annoying problem of flatulence. The lac ...
... enzyme lactase, which cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose. Microorganisms in the colon ferment undigested lactose to lactic acid generating methane (CH4) and hydrogen gas (H2). The gas produced creates the uncomfortable feeling of gut distention and the annoying problem of flatulence. The lac ...
Glycogen
... • Glucose from the portal vein enters the liver cells (hepatocytes). • Insulin acts on the hepatocytes to stimulate the action of several enzymes, including glycogen synthase. • Glucose molecules are added to the chains of glycogen as long as both insulin and glucose remain plentiful. In this postpr ...
... • Glucose from the portal vein enters the liver cells (hepatocytes). • Insulin acts on the hepatocytes to stimulate the action of several enzymes, including glycogen synthase. • Glucose molecules are added to the chains of glycogen as long as both insulin and glucose remain plentiful. In this postpr ...
Chapter 15 Lecture Notes: Metabolism
... as isolated ions; they quickly react with water to form H3O+. Alternatively, H+ can react with OH- or the base form of another species that is present. Another way that organisms extract energy from ATP is to “energize” organic compounds by transferring a phosphoryl group directly to the compound. I ...
... as isolated ions; they quickly react with water to form H3O+. Alternatively, H+ can react with OH- or the base form of another species that is present. Another way that organisms extract energy from ATP is to “energize” organic compounds by transferring a phosphoryl group directly to the compound. I ...
S2 Protocol.
... d as described above. Perl script to carryout this procedure is provided as supplementary file, ‘S5_Dataset.zip > Lipid_Similarity_Testing > bin > 111212_m1.pl’. 2) LINGO algorithm as described in the original paper (Vidal et al., 2005) was used to colcualte. Tanimoto coefficient (S). S is converted ...
... d as described above. Perl script to carryout this procedure is provided as supplementary file, ‘S5_Dataset.zip > Lipid_Similarity_Testing > bin > 111212_m1.pl’. 2) LINGO algorithm as described in the original paper (Vidal et al., 2005) was used to colcualte. Tanimoto coefficient (S). S is converted ...
Fatty Acid Metabolism
... acetoacetate, -hydroxybutyrate, acetone when fats are rapidly broken down ...
... acetoacetate, -hydroxybutyrate, acetone when fats are rapidly broken down ...
Full-Text PDF
... TG synthesis is a crucial and strictly regulated process that occurs principally in the adipose tissue, but also in the liver, muscle, heart and pancreas. This pathway is used to maintain and control energy homeostasis by a continuous communication between oxidative tissues and peripheral organs, in ...
... TG synthesis is a crucial and strictly regulated process that occurs principally in the adipose tissue, but also in the liver, muscle, heart and pancreas. This pathway is used to maintain and control energy homeostasis by a continuous communication between oxidative tissues and peripheral organs, in ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... Proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids that can feed into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. ...
... Proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids that can feed into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. ...
Kreb`s Cycle - robertschem
... 14. Why is FAD used instead of NAD+? At one step of Krebs cycle, succinate is oxidized to become fumarate with the help of FAD. The energy involved succinate-fumarate reaction does not allow NAD+ to be reduced sufficiently. FAD is lower-energy and is able to help oxidize succinate in the process (an ...
... 14. Why is FAD used instead of NAD+? At one step of Krebs cycle, succinate is oxidized to become fumarate with the help of FAD. The energy involved succinate-fumarate reaction does not allow NAD+ to be reduced sufficiently. FAD is lower-energy and is able to help oxidize succinate in the process (an ...
Metabolism
... mechanisms described above almost exclusively. Very heavily exercising muscle can use this pathway as the sole source of ATP synthesis for a short period of time. This probably evolved in humans as a defense mechanism, but is now used by athletes in sprint events. The formation of lactate as an end ...
... mechanisms described above almost exclusively. Very heavily exercising muscle can use this pathway as the sole source of ATP synthesis for a short period of time. This probably evolved in humans as a defense mechanism, but is now used by athletes in sprint events. The formation of lactate as an end ...
The fatty acid profile of muscle tissue of ram lambs with
... Animal fat, in addition to being a source of energy, has a positive effect on the technological and culinary value of meat. On the other hand, a large share in the human diet is considered to be the cause of cardiovascular diseases (LIN et al. 2004). This opinion is not fully advisable, because intr ...
... Animal fat, in addition to being a source of energy, has a positive effect on the technological and culinary value of meat. On the other hand, a large share in the human diet is considered to be the cause of cardiovascular diseases (LIN et al. 2004). This opinion is not fully advisable, because intr ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.