![LDL](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/014966313_1-ec7180efd2f69b0fa841ad9bebd83912-300x300.png)
LDL
... • The ubiquitous organelles, which are delineated by a single membrane, generally contain enzymes that utilize oxygen to subtrate hydrogen atoms from certain organic substrates in an oxidative reaction that generates hydrogen peroxide. • Peroxisomes also typically contain catalase, an enzyme that us ...
... • The ubiquitous organelles, which are delineated by a single membrane, generally contain enzymes that utilize oxygen to subtrate hydrogen atoms from certain organic substrates in an oxidative reaction that generates hydrogen peroxide. • Peroxisomes also typically contain catalase, an enzyme that us ...
Ketone ester effects on metabolism and
... rats fed a diet where 30% of the calories from starch were replaced with ketone esters (20). Plasma leptin was also decreased from 3.12 to 1.83 ng/ml in rats, where ketone esters were substituted equicalorically for starch. The ability of the metabolism of ketone bodies to increase insulin sensitiv ...
... rats fed a diet where 30% of the calories from starch were replaced with ketone esters (20). Plasma leptin was also decreased from 3.12 to 1.83 ng/ml in rats, where ketone esters were substituted equicalorically for starch. The ability of the metabolism of ketone bodies to increase insulin sensitiv ...
Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis
... -During this, hydrogen atoms reduce NAD+ to NADH so that NADH can continue into the krebs cycle and ETC to produce more ATP. -If the ETC stops then NADH is transferred to pyruvate. This produces lactate acetylalcohol but less carbon dioxide. -This step breaks the process of glycolysis into two separ ...
... -During this, hydrogen atoms reduce NAD+ to NADH so that NADH can continue into the krebs cycle and ETC to produce more ATP. -If the ETC stops then NADH is transferred to pyruvate. This produces lactate acetylalcohol but less carbon dioxide. -This step breaks the process of glycolysis into two separ ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism-1
... Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from glucose. • Glycogen is synthesized depending on the demand for glucose and ATP (energy). If both are present in relatively high amounts, then the excess of insulin promotes the glucose conversion into glycogen for storage in liver and muscle cells. In t ...
... Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from glucose. • Glycogen is synthesized depending on the demand for glucose and ATP (energy). If both are present in relatively high amounts, then the excess of insulin promotes the glucose conversion into glycogen for storage in liver and muscle cells. In t ...
7-cellular-respiration
... the enzyme will not be inhibited. Glycolysis will speed up supplying more acetyl groups for the citric acid cycle. This feedback inhibition has the advantages of conserving resources, producing ATP when needed and not building up too many intermediate compounds. So the inhibition of the phosphof ...
... the enzyme will not be inhibited. Glycolysis will speed up supplying more acetyl groups for the citric acid cycle. This feedback inhibition has the advantages of conserving resources, producing ATP when needed and not building up too many intermediate compounds. So the inhibition of the phosphof ...
Biochem09 - Amit Kessel Ph.D
... E. Alteration of the amounts of allosteric modifiers (regulator molecules). ...
... E. Alteration of the amounts of allosteric modifiers (regulator molecules). ...
Introduction into Metabolism and Energy Exchange in Human
... Citric Acid Cycle – the last stage of all catabolic processes in a cell. This process generates per 1 cycle the reduced forms NADH (3 molecule) and FADH2 (1 molecule) which are donors of electrons to respiratory chain. One molecule of high-energy bonds containing substance is formed in 1 cycle→ ...
... Citric Acid Cycle – the last stage of all catabolic processes in a cell. This process generates per 1 cycle the reduced forms NADH (3 molecule) and FADH2 (1 molecule) which are donors of electrons to respiratory chain. One molecule of high-energy bonds containing substance is formed in 1 cycle→ ...
GLYCOLYSIS Generation of ATP from Metabolic Fuels
... make more ATP g. Inhibited by CITRATE – physiological form of citric acid i. Citrate formed in TCA cycle from pyruvate ii. Therefore, if cellular [citrate] is sufficient, glycolysis is slowed h. ACTIVATED by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (made when blood glucose conc. high) ...
... make more ATP g. Inhibited by CITRATE – physiological form of citric acid i. Citrate formed in TCA cycle from pyruvate ii. Therefore, if cellular [citrate] is sufficient, glycolysis is slowed h. ACTIVATED by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (made when blood glucose conc. high) ...
16 Gluconeogenesis
... Pyruvate carboxylase is a mitochondrial enzyme, whereas the other enzymes of gluconeogenesis are present primarily in the cytoplasm. Oxaloacetate, the product of the pyruvate carboxylase reaction, must thus be transported to the cytoplasm to complete the pathway. Oxaloacetate is transported from a m ...
... Pyruvate carboxylase is a mitochondrial enzyme, whereas the other enzymes of gluconeogenesis are present primarily in the cytoplasm. Oxaloacetate, the product of the pyruvate carboxylase reaction, must thus be transported to the cytoplasm to complete the pathway. Oxaloacetate is transported from a m ...
... step that made the compound. e.g. High levels of citrate turn off glycolysis by inhibiting PFK. High levels of citrate suggest that the TCA cycle does not need any additional acetyl CoA. A product inhibitor is inhibition of an enzyme by its own product. Example is pyruvate dehydrogenase, which is in ...
Carbon and electron flow in Clostridium butyricum
... (1,3-PD) dehydrogenase constitute the branch point that partitions the carbon flux between the competing pathways, i.e. formation of either 1,3-PD or acetate and butyrate. The increasing levels of these enzyme activities with increasing dilution rates (D) explained the constant proportion of glycero ...
... (1,3-PD) dehydrogenase constitute the branch point that partitions the carbon flux between the competing pathways, i.e. formation of either 1,3-PD or acetate and butyrate. The increasing levels of these enzyme activities with increasing dilution rates (D) explained the constant proportion of glycero ...
hanan abas
... Glucose_6_phosphates is necessary for the conversion Of glucose_6_phosphate to glucose As blood glucose level increase,usually by absorption of carbohydrates from the intestine,glycogenolysis is replaced by glycogenesis, where excess blood glucose Is converted into liver & muscle glycogen . ...
... Glucose_6_phosphates is necessary for the conversion Of glucose_6_phosphate to glucose As blood glucose level increase,usually by absorption of carbohydrates from the intestine,glycogenolysis is replaced by glycogenesis, where excess blood glucose Is converted into liver & muscle glycogen . ...
Anaerobic Respiration Gibb`s Free Energy PPT
... • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular ...
... • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular ...
Second Half of Glycolysis
... Glycolysis Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. Nearly all living organisms carry out glycolysis as part of their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both pro ...
... Glycolysis Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. Nearly all living organisms carry out glycolysis as part of their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both pro ...
New concepts of cellular fatty acid uptake: role of fatty acid transport
... chylomicrons. Capillary-bound lipoprotein lipase, produced by liver, heart, adipose and other tissues, catalyses the release of LCFA from lipoproteins, of which the vast majority is immediately bound to albumin. LCFA, as LCFA–albumin, are transported in the bloodstream and taken up by the various ti ...
... chylomicrons. Capillary-bound lipoprotein lipase, produced by liver, heart, adipose and other tissues, catalyses the release of LCFA from lipoproteins, of which the vast majority is immediately bound to albumin. LCFA, as LCFA–albumin, are transported in the bloodstream and taken up by the various ti ...
Cellular Respiration
... –Glucose can be synthesized from pyruvate and fatty acids from acetylCoA –Excess carbs and proteins can be converted to fats through intermediaries of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle ...
... –Glucose can be synthesized from pyruvate and fatty acids from acetylCoA –Excess carbs and proteins can be converted to fats through intermediaries of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle ...
Cellular Respiration
... –Glucose can be synthesized from pyruvate and fatty acids from acetylCoA –Excess carbs and proteins can be converted to fats through intermediaries of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle ...
... –Glucose can be synthesized from pyruvate and fatty acids from acetylCoA –Excess carbs and proteins can be converted to fats through intermediaries of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle ...
Chem 356 Structure and Function in Biochemistry
... fermentation), pyuvate is reduced to lactic acid and ethanol by the microorganisms. If oxygen were present, pyruvate would be oxidized to acetyl-CoA and then to CO2 and H2O. Some of the acetyl-CoA, however, would also be hydrolyzed to acetic acid (vinegar) in the presence of oxygen. Also, acetaldehy ...
... fermentation), pyuvate is reduced to lactic acid and ethanol by the microorganisms. If oxygen were present, pyruvate would be oxidized to acetyl-CoA and then to CO2 and H2O. Some of the acetyl-CoA, however, would also be hydrolyzed to acetic acid (vinegar) in the presence of oxygen. Also, acetaldehy ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... c) Pyruvate: which can be used in synthesis of amino acid alanine. 4. Aerobic glycolysis provides the mitochondria with pyruvate, which gives acetyl CoA Krebs' cycle. ...
... c) Pyruvate: which can be used in synthesis of amino acid alanine. 4. Aerobic glycolysis provides the mitochondria with pyruvate, which gives acetyl CoA Krebs' cycle. ...
Metabolism of amino acid
... Transamination reaction The first step in the catabolism of most amino acids is removal of a-amino groups by enzymes transaminases or aminotransferases All aminotransferases have the same prostethic group and the same reaction mechanism. The prostethic group is pyridoxal phosphate (PPL), the coenzy ...
... Transamination reaction The first step in the catabolism of most amino acids is removal of a-amino groups by enzymes transaminases or aminotransferases All aminotransferases have the same prostethic group and the same reaction mechanism. The prostethic group is pyridoxal phosphate (PPL), the coenzy ...
Cell biology of carbohydrate metabolism
... construct was cotransfected with a Renilla luciferase plasmid into hepatocytes in low glucose medium and switched to either low or high glucose after 16 h. Twenty-four h later, cells were harvested, and luciferase activity was measured. Data are expressed as the -fold induction by comparing the rela ...
... construct was cotransfected with a Renilla luciferase plasmid into hepatocytes in low glucose medium and switched to either low or high glucose after 16 h. Twenty-four h later, cells were harvested, and luciferase activity was measured. Data are expressed as the -fold induction by comparing the rela ...
Scholarly Interest Report
... My current interest is the theoretical basis for ammonia detoxication in vertebrate liver. This ammonia may be of either hepatic or extrahe- patic origin. Liver tissue is the site of gluconeogenesis in higher vertebrates and, during this process, amino acids are deaminated, forming ammonia. Extrahep ...
... My current interest is the theoretical basis for ammonia detoxication in vertebrate liver. This ammonia may be of either hepatic or extrahe- patic origin. Liver tissue is the site of gluconeogenesis in higher vertebrates and, during this process, amino acids are deaminated, forming ammonia. Extrahep ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.