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... – Highly thermodynamically favorable, and regulated – Different enzymes in the different pathways – Differentially regulated to prevent a futile cycle ...
... – Highly thermodynamically favorable, and regulated – Different enzymes in the different pathways – Differentially regulated to prevent a futile cycle ...
Respiration
... transferred to carrier molecule NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form reduced NAD (NADH) • Each NADH molecule can be used to transfer energy to other molecules during respiration • The end product of glycolysis, pyruvate (3C), still contains chemical potential energy ...
... transferred to carrier molecule NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form reduced NAD (NADH) • Each NADH molecule can be used to transfer energy to other molecules during respiration • The end product of glycolysis, pyruvate (3C), still contains chemical potential energy ...
Answers for extension worksheet – Option C
... When fat is used as a source of energy, it yields more than 1 g of water for each 1 g of fat converted, making it ideal for a camel in very dry conditions. Fat is split into fatty acids and glycerol. Glycerol is phosphorylated and converted to pyruvate and enters the Krebs cycle. Fatty acids are con ...
... When fat is used as a source of energy, it yields more than 1 g of water for each 1 g of fat converted, making it ideal for a camel in very dry conditions. Fat is split into fatty acids and glycerol. Glycerol is phosphorylated and converted to pyruvate and enters the Krebs cycle. Fatty acids are con ...
Unit 3: Chemistry of Life
... composed of three molecules of fatty acids and joined to one molecule of glycerol Solid at room temp fats; Liquid at room temp oils ...
... composed of three molecules of fatty acids and joined to one molecule of glycerol Solid at room temp fats; Liquid at room temp oils ...
ALD
... Smooth ER synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates and detoxifies drugs and poisons ...
... Smooth ER synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates and detoxifies drugs and poisons ...
1 - Chiropractic National Board Review Questions
... 47. Protein is first broken down in which of the following body structures? A. Skeletal muscle B. Liver C. Kidney D. Stomach 48. What amino acids is a precursor to serotonin? A. Tryptophan B. Tyrosine C. Argine D. Niacin ...
... 47. Protein is first broken down in which of the following body structures? A. Skeletal muscle B. Liver C. Kidney D. Stomach 48. What amino acids is a precursor to serotonin? A. Tryptophan B. Tyrosine C. Argine D. Niacin ...
Lipids lecture(6) by Prof.Dr.Moaed Al
... Degraded by pancreatic lipase (hydrolyzes C-1 and C-3 ---> 2 fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol). Can then be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells; bile salts are recirculated after being absorbed by the intestinal epithelial cells. In the cells, fatty acids are converted by fatty acyl CoA ...
... Degraded by pancreatic lipase (hydrolyzes C-1 and C-3 ---> 2 fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol). Can then be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells; bile salts are recirculated after being absorbed by the intestinal epithelial cells. In the cells, fatty acids are converted by fatty acyl CoA ...
1 - Wk 1-2
... Splitting of triglycerides produces free fatty acids and glycerol. One might expect that the body would use this glycerol to aid in storage of fatty acids when required. However, this does not occur as adipocytes lack glycerokinase which is necessary for synthesis of α-glycerol phosphate from glycer ...
... Splitting of triglycerides produces free fatty acids and glycerol. One might expect that the body would use this glycerol to aid in storage of fatty acids when required. However, this does not occur as adipocytes lack glycerokinase which is necessary for synthesis of α-glycerol phosphate from glycer ...
CH395 G Exam 3 Fall 2004 - Multiple Choice 1. Which of the
... functioning properly, lactose stays in the intestines and undergoes bacterial fermentation. This produces CO2, other gases and may cause pain and diarrhea. ...
... functioning properly, lactose stays in the intestines and undergoes bacterial fermentation. This produces CO2, other gases and may cause pain and diarrhea. ...
Chapter 21
... The C2 fragment is condensed with a C3 fragment attached to the ACP and gives off CO2 C4 is formed which is then reduced twice and dehyrate ◦ Marked the end of the cycle In the next cycle, the fragment is transferred to synthase and another malony-ACP (C3 fragment) ◦ CO2 is released and a C6 fragmen ...
... The C2 fragment is condensed with a C3 fragment attached to the ACP and gives off CO2 C4 is formed which is then reduced twice and dehyrate ◦ Marked the end of the cycle In the next cycle, the fragment is transferred to synthase and another malony-ACP (C3 fragment) ◦ CO2 is released and a C6 fragmen ...
Gluconeogenesis
... humans. In mammals, some tissues depend almost completely on glucose for their metabolic energy. The human brain alone requires 120 g of glucose each day, more than half of which is stored as glycogen in muscle and liver. ...
... humans. In mammals, some tissues depend almost completely on glucose for their metabolic energy. The human brain alone requires 120 g of glucose each day, more than half of which is stored as glycogen in muscle and liver. ...
Biological effects of GH
... • Required for normal growth and development • Only hormone that can lower blood glucose level – Dominant metabolic regulator • Unregulated glucose level if absent • Hypoglycemia if too high – Cause neural shock ...
... • Required for normal growth and development • Only hormone that can lower blood glucose level – Dominant metabolic regulator • Unregulated glucose level if absent • Hypoglycemia if too high – Cause neural shock ...
Exam 4
... C. We do not have enzymes to make -3 or -6 fatty acids—they are termed _______________fatty acids because we must obtain them through diet. D. ______________ is a redox cofactor involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. E. Glycine can be broken down by the glycine cleavage system to give a methylene gr ...
... C. We do not have enzymes to make -3 or -6 fatty acids—they are termed _______________fatty acids because we must obtain them through diet. D. ______________ is a redox cofactor involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. E. Glycine can be broken down by the glycine cleavage system to give a methylene gr ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... b) Outline the pathway of TCA cycle and MFA of a plant cell. 30 a) Give a detailed description on Protein Engineering and discuss the various methodologies ...
... b) Outline the pathway of TCA cycle and MFA of a plant cell. 30 a) Give a detailed description on Protein Engineering and discuss the various methodologies ...
Lecture_4_Glycolysis
... Upon entering the cell through a specific transport protein, glucose is phosphorylated at the expense of ATP to form glucose 6-phosphate. Hexokinase, which requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ as a cofactor, catalyzes the reaction. Hexokinase, like most kinases, employs substrate-binding induced fit to minimize ...
... Upon entering the cell through a specific transport protein, glucose is phosphorylated at the expense of ATP to form glucose 6-phosphate. Hexokinase, which requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ as a cofactor, catalyzes the reaction. Hexokinase, like most kinases, employs substrate-binding induced fit to minimize ...
acetyl CoA + HCO3
... How do lipids move from place to place in the cell? Where is cholesterol made? What are lipoproteins? How is lipid metabolism regulated? How does imbalance in lipid metabolism contribute to atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes? ...
... How do lipids move from place to place in the cell? Where is cholesterol made? What are lipoproteins? How is lipid metabolism regulated? How does imbalance in lipid metabolism contribute to atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes? ...
Alternative ways of monosaccharides metabolism
... • Lactate and pyruvate diffuse out of active skeletal muscle into the blood and then into these permeable cells. • Once inside these well-oxygenated cells, lactate can be reverted back to pyruvate and metabolized through the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. • The use ...
... • Lactate and pyruvate diffuse out of active skeletal muscle into the blood and then into these permeable cells. • Once inside these well-oxygenated cells, lactate can be reverted back to pyruvate and metabolized through the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. • The use ...
Acetyl CoA
... yields D-bhydroxybutyrate (do not confuse with L- bhydroxybutyrate of the boxidation pathway). 5. Acetoacetate is easily decarboxylated (may be spontaneously or enzymatically) to acetone and CO2. ...
... yields D-bhydroxybutyrate (do not confuse with L- bhydroxybutyrate of the boxidation pathway). 5. Acetoacetate is easily decarboxylated (may be spontaneously or enzymatically) to acetone and CO2. ...
gluconeogenesis
... However, the supply of glucose from these stores is not always sufficient; between meals and during longer fasts, or after vigorous exercise, glycogen is depleted. For these times, organisms need a method for synthesizing glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. This is accomplished by a pathway cal ...
... However, the supply of glucose from these stores is not always sufficient; between meals and during longer fasts, or after vigorous exercise, glycogen is depleted. For these times, organisms need a method for synthesizing glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. This is accomplished by a pathway cal ...
Biochem 2 Recitation #2 Spr 20152102105.pptx
... oxidative phosphorylation. This reaction is irreversible ...
... oxidative phosphorylation. This reaction is irreversible ...
4. DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF LIPIDS
... undergo enzymatic hydrolysis into their building block components. • This is necessary for their absorption, since the cells lining the intestine are able to absorb them into the bloodstream only as relatively small molecules. ...
... undergo enzymatic hydrolysis into their building block components. • This is necessary for their absorption, since the cells lining the intestine are able to absorb them into the bloodstream only as relatively small molecules. ...
Correlation - EngineeringDuniya.com
... A hypothetical metabolic pathway in which reactions A ↔ B and C ↔ D are equilibrium reactions and B → C is a non equilibrium reaction . The flux through such a pathway can be regulated by the availability of substrate A. This depends on its supply from the blood, which in turn depends on either food ...
... A hypothetical metabolic pathway in which reactions A ↔ B and C ↔ D are equilibrium reactions and B → C is a non equilibrium reaction . The flux through such a pathway can be regulated by the availability of substrate A. This depends on its supply from the blood, which in turn depends on either food ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.