Lecture 7 Citric acid cycle
... Stage 1: oxidation of fatty acids, glucose, and some amino acids yields acetylCoA. Stage 2: oxidation of acetyl groups in the citric acid cycle includes four steps in which electrons are abstracted. ...
... Stage 1: oxidation of fatty acids, glucose, and some amino acids yields acetylCoA. Stage 2: oxidation of acetyl groups in the citric acid cycle includes four steps in which electrons are abstracted. ...
Ch. 3 Review Guide
... Give two examples of monosaccharides, and be able to identify the structure of a monosaccharide. ...
... Give two examples of monosaccharides, and be able to identify the structure of a monosaccharide. ...
Other Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism Gluconeogenesis
... 3Glucose-6-phosphate + 6NADP+ + 3H2O → 6NADPH + 6H+ + 3CO2 + 3ribulose-5-phosphate 2. Isomerization and epimerization reactions (pentose sugars for nucleotide biosynthesis) 3Ribulose-5-phosphate ⇔ ribose-5-phosphate + 2xylulose-5-phosphate 3. Carbon-carbon bond cleavage and formation reactions (gene ...
... 3Glucose-6-phosphate + 6NADP+ + 3H2O → 6NADPH + 6H+ + 3CO2 + 3ribulose-5-phosphate 2. Isomerization and epimerization reactions (pentose sugars for nucleotide biosynthesis) 3Ribulose-5-phosphate ⇔ ribose-5-phosphate + 2xylulose-5-phosphate 3. Carbon-carbon bond cleavage and formation reactions (gene ...
Detoxification of ammonia and biosynthesis of urea
... Birds, reptiles synthesize uric acid Urea formation takes place in the liver ...
... Birds, reptiles synthesize uric acid Urea formation takes place in the liver ...
Biosynthesis of monomers
... – Process is called gluconeogenesis – Most cells can carry out gluconeogenesis from phosphoenolpyruvate – Many bacteria can use oxaloacetate as starting material ...
... – Process is called gluconeogenesis – Most cells can carry out gluconeogenesis from phosphoenolpyruvate – Many bacteria can use oxaloacetate as starting material ...
Gluconeogenesis
... mitochondria and allows a replenishment of oxaloacetate. Isocitrate lyase - cleaves isocitrate into succinate and glyoxylate. The succinate goes to the mitochondria Malate synthase makes malate from glyoxylate and AcetylCoA. The Oxaloacetate can go directly to carbohydrate synthesis. ...
... mitochondria and allows a replenishment of oxaloacetate. Isocitrate lyase - cleaves isocitrate into succinate and glyoxylate. The succinate goes to the mitochondria Malate synthase makes malate from glyoxylate and AcetylCoA. The Oxaloacetate can go directly to carbohydrate synthesis. ...
Optimization and Characterization of Decellularized Adipose Tissue
... hydrogel gelation protocol, the protocol was effectively optimized. The ratio was changed from 1:10 to 2:15 in order to increase the amount of pepsin present to digest the ECM. This allowed the hydrogel to successfully gel at 37°C (the font here isn’t the same as the rest of the paper). DISCUSSION T ...
... hydrogel gelation protocol, the protocol was effectively optimized. The ratio was changed from 1:10 to 2:15 in order to increase the amount of pepsin present to digest the ECM. This allowed the hydrogel to successfully gel at 37°C (the font here isn’t the same as the rest of the paper). DISCUSSION T ...
Fatty oxidation, Amino acid degradation and energy metabolism
... cytosol and mictochondria of brain cells cytosol and mictochondria of Muscle cells cytosol of liver cells cytosol and mictochondria of liver cells ...
... cytosol and mictochondria of brain cells cytosol and mictochondria of Muscle cells cytosol of liver cells cytosol and mictochondria of liver cells ...
Unit 1.1 Molecules.pps
... Made from C H O N & sometimes S Long chains of amino acids Properties determined by the aa sequence ...
... Made from C H O N & sometimes S Long chains of amino acids Properties determined by the aa sequence ...
Lipogenesis (2014)
... NB: the synthesis of TAG occurs mainly in liver and mammary glands but it is stored mainly in adipose tissue and muscles ...
... NB: the synthesis of TAG occurs mainly in liver and mammary glands but it is stored mainly in adipose tissue and muscles ...
Gluconeogenesis: Objectives
... a. Muscle and Brain cannot synthesize glucose from lactate because they lack Glucose-6-Phosphatase. This is good because then all the glucose can only be used for energy rather than be exported (like the liver and kidney). 11. How and where are (a) lactate and (b) alanine (produced by active skeleta ...
... a. Muscle and Brain cannot synthesize glucose from lactate because they lack Glucose-6-Phosphatase. This is good because then all the glucose can only be used for energy rather than be exported (like the liver and kidney). 11. How and where are (a) lactate and (b) alanine (produced by active skeleta ...
Master Entrance Exam
... 10. 1000 bps DNA coding sequences can make protein roughly (A) 23 (B) 27 (C) 33 (D) 37 (E) 43 kilodalton II. 是非題 (每題 2 分) Yes or No for answer 1. Lipid components of membranes do not readily move from one side of a bilayer to the other. 2. In the Citrate-Pyruvate Cycle, the step that generates NADPH ...
... 10. 1000 bps DNA coding sequences can make protein roughly (A) 23 (B) 27 (C) 33 (D) 37 (E) 43 kilodalton II. 是非題 (每題 2 分) Yes or No for answer 1. Lipid components of membranes do not readily move from one side of a bilayer to the other. 2. In the Citrate-Pyruvate Cycle, the step that generates NADPH ...
28 Gluconeogenesis In animals, glucose is required by the brain
... circulating levels of glucose, additional glucose must be released from the liver. The liver has some glucose stored in the form of glycogen but these stores only last for about 12 hours in the absence of dietary glucose. Considerably before the glucose stores have been consumed, the organism must b ...
... circulating levels of glucose, additional glucose must be released from the liver. The liver has some glucose stored in the form of glycogen but these stores only last for about 12 hours in the absence of dietary glucose. Considerably before the glucose stores have been consumed, the organism must b ...
Exam 3 - Chemistry Courses: About
... I. _____________ A vitamin B12 deficiency would cause an individual to be unable to completely oxidize odd-chain fatty acids. J. _____________ Genetic abnormalities causing a deficiency in HDL receptors can lead to early death from cardiovascular problems caused by high cholesterol. ...
... I. _____________ A vitamin B12 deficiency would cause an individual to be unable to completely oxidize odd-chain fatty acids. J. _____________ Genetic abnormalities causing a deficiency in HDL receptors can lead to early death from cardiovascular problems caused by high cholesterol. ...
bIOCHEMISTRY - East Pennsboro Area School District
... Competitive Inhibitor – substance that blocks the active site & prevent “lock & key” fit (slow rxn rate) Denature - Enzyme loses its shape (slow rxn rate) ...
... Competitive Inhibitor – substance that blocks the active site & prevent “lock & key” fit (slow rxn rate) Denature - Enzyme loses its shape (slow rxn rate) ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... - excessive ethanol consumption → increase NADH/NAD+ ratio that drive the lactate dehydrogenase reaction toward lactate - lack of precursors for gluconeogenesis → its inhibition ...
... - excessive ethanol consumption → increase NADH/NAD+ ratio that drive the lactate dehydrogenase reaction toward lactate - lack of precursors for gluconeogenesis → its inhibition ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... 1. Control enzyme levels 2. Control of enzyme activity (activation or inhibition) 3. Compartamentalization Fatty acid oxidation occurs in mitochondrial matrix Fatty acid synthesis occurs in endoplasmic reticulum membrane exposed to the cytoplasm of the cell. ...
... 1. Control enzyme levels 2. Control of enzyme activity (activation or inhibition) 3. Compartamentalization Fatty acid oxidation occurs in mitochondrial matrix Fatty acid synthesis occurs in endoplasmic reticulum membrane exposed to the cytoplasm of the cell. ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... 1. Control enzyme levels 2. Control of enzyme activity (activation or inhibition) 3. Compartamentalization Fatty acid oxidation occurs in mitochondrial matrix Fatty acid synthesis occurs in endoplasmic reticulum membrane exposed to the cytoplasm of the cell. ...
... 1. Control enzyme levels 2. Control of enzyme activity (activation or inhibition) 3. Compartamentalization Fatty acid oxidation occurs in mitochondrial matrix Fatty acid synthesis occurs in endoplasmic reticulum membrane exposed to the cytoplasm of the cell. ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... 1. Control enzyme levels 2. Control of enzyme activity (activation or inhibition) 3. Compartamentalization Fatty acid oxidation occurs in mitochondrial matrix Fatty acid synthesis occurs in endoplasmic reticulum membrane exposed to the cytoplasm of the cell. ...
... 1. Control enzyme levels 2. Control of enzyme activity (activation or inhibition) 3. Compartamentalization Fatty acid oxidation occurs in mitochondrial matrix Fatty acid synthesis occurs in endoplasmic reticulum membrane exposed to the cytoplasm of the cell. ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... 1. Control enzyme levels 2. Control of enzyme activity (activation or inhibition) ...
... 1. Control enzyme levels 2. Control of enzyme activity (activation or inhibition) ...
Cellular Functions PP
... hydrolyzed into glucose, which passes on to glycolysis. – Lipids are converted to fatty acids, which become acetate (then acetyl CoA), and glycerol, which is converted to an intermediate in glycolysis. – Proteins are hydrolyzed into amino acids, which feed into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. ...
... hydrolyzed into glucose, which passes on to glycolysis. – Lipids are converted to fatty acids, which become acetate (then acetyl CoA), and glycerol, which is converted to an intermediate in glycolysis. – Proteins are hydrolyzed into amino acids, which feed into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. ...
Biological importance of Uronic Acid Pathway
... to act by causing oxidative stress to the parasite. It is ironic that antimalarial drugs can cause illness through the same biochemical mechanism that provides resistance to malaria. Divicine also acts as an antimalarial drug, and ingestion of fava beans may protect against malaria. ...
... to act by causing oxidative stress to the parasite. It is ironic that antimalarial drugs can cause illness through the same biochemical mechanism that provides resistance to malaria. Divicine also acts as an antimalarial drug, and ingestion of fava beans may protect against malaria. ...
Lecture 26
... A multienzyme complexes are groups of non covalently associated enzymes that catalyze two or more sequential steps in a metabolic pathway. Molecular weight of 4,600,000 Da E. coli ...
... A multienzyme complexes are groups of non covalently associated enzymes that catalyze two or more sequential steps in a metabolic pathway. Molecular weight of 4,600,000 Da E. coli ...
File
... __28. In the following graph showing the breakdown of glucose, which line represents a reaction WITH an enzyme? a. A ...
... __28. In the following graph showing the breakdown of glucose, which line represents a reaction WITH an enzyme? a. A ...
Ch 26 Notes
... to CoA to form Acetyl CoA for Kreb’s cycle, or converts 2Acetyl CoA’s to acetoacetic acid & then to beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone [all 3 are called ketone bodies] Too much acidosis Proteins Protein metabolism Amino Acids are either used to make other proteins, glucose or triglycerides or AT ...
... to CoA to form Acetyl CoA for Kreb’s cycle, or converts 2Acetyl CoA’s to acetoacetic acid & then to beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone [all 3 are called ketone bodies] Too much acidosis Proteins Protein metabolism Amino Acids are either used to make other proteins, glucose or triglycerides or AT ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.