![Amylase](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000551541_1-0323642c2f62a63dfe8a3b4582aa1c37-300x300.png)
Metabolism of Glycerol
... When blood glucose is depleted and glycogen stores are low, • the process of fat utilization is stimulated. • the hormones glucagon or epinephrine are secreted into the bloodstream, where they bind to receptors on the membrane of adipose tissue. • a hormone-sensitive lipase within the fat cells cata ...
... When blood glucose is depleted and glycogen stores are low, • the process of fat utilization is stimulated. • the hormones glucagon or epinephrine are secreted into the bloodstream, where they bind to receptors on the membrane of adipose tissue. • a hormone-sensitive lipase within the fat cells cata ...
Metabolism
... to the blood stream • Glucose is not taken up by muscle tissues but used primarily to fuel the brain • Glucagon stimulates release of fatty acids from adipose tissues and the shift of muscle fuel from glucose to fatty acids. • GLuconeogensis is stimulated in liver, glucose made from carbon skeletons ...
... to the blood stream • Glucose is not taken up by muscle tissues but used primarily to fuel the brain • Glucagon stimulates release of fatty acids from adipose tissues and the shift of muscle fuel from glucose to fatty acids. • GLuconeogensis is stimulated in liver, glucose made from carbon skeletons ...
Biochem 462 - public.asu.edu
... Write down the structure of the 3-phosphoglycerate produced by the carboxylation reaction of carbon fixation catalyzed by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. If this reaction was performed in the presence of carbon dioxide containing an isotopically labeled carbon atom, which one of the atoms of 3pho ...
... Write down the structure of the 3-phosphoglycerate produced by the carboxylation reaction of carbon fixation catalyzed by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. If this reaction was performed in the presence of carbon dioxide containing an isotopically labeled carbon atom, which one of the atoms of 3pho ...
questions for lipids
... b. write the reaction for the rate-limiting step (no structures required) ...
... b. write the reaction for the rate-limiting step (no structures required) ...
WEB
... Production of ketone bodies Starvation Glycogen = 1 day Amino acids Glc. BUT… Muscles can use fatty acids ( need for Glc) Gluconeogenesis ...
... Production of ketone bodies Starvation Glycogen = 1 day Amino acids Glc. BUT… Muscles can use fatty acids ( need for Glc) Gluconeogenesis ...
Fatty Acid Degradation Catabolism Overview TAG and FA
... • Rearrangement (vitamin B12‐radical) • Net glucose can be produced ...
... • Rearrangement (vitamin B12‐radical) • Net glucose can be produced ...
Metabolism
... Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are produced as a result of fatty acid breakdown Process is dependent upon availability of carbohydrates (glucose): If sufficient glucose present - acetyl CoA is recycled (in CAC) If excess glucose present - acetyl CoA is used to form fatty a ...
... Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are produced as a result of fatty acid breakdown Process is dependent upon availability of carbohydrates (glucose): If sufficient glucose present - acetyl CoA is recycled (in CAC) If excess glucose present - acetyl CoA is used to form fatty a ...
Chapter 1
... • Synthesis of fatty acids – Basic process: sequential assembly of “starter” acetyl CoA with units of malonyl CoA – Essential fatty acids ...
... • Synthesis of fatty acids – Basic process: sequential assembly of “starter” acetyl CoA with units of malonyl CoA – Essential fatty acids ...
design of energy metabolism
... sustained anaerobic pathways and greater used of arginine phosphate (cephalopods), creatine phosphate, and lactate, with their high power output, which is necessary to fuel intense activity. AEROBIC METABOLISM – pathways are available to use carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. All substrates eventual ...
... sustained anaerobic pathways and greater used of arginine phosphate (cephalopods), creatine phosphate, and lactate, with their high power output, which is necessary to fuel intense activity. AEROBIC METABOLISM – pathways are available to use carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. All substrates eventual ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism - LSU School of Medicine
... These reactions are mitochondrial analogues of the (cytosolic) first two steps of cholesterol synthesis Third step - HMG-CoA lyase - is similar to the reverse of citrate synthase ...
... These reactions are mitochondrial analogues of the (cytosolic) first two steps of cholesterol synthesis Third step - HMG-CoA lyase - is similar to the reverse of citrate synthase ...
Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis 1 2 3 4
... 3.2. Formation of Phosphoenolpyruvate The formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate is driven both by the hydrolysis of GTP and a decarboxylation O ...
... 3.2. Formation of Phosphoenolpyruvate The formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate is driven both by the hydrolysis of GTP and a decarboxylation O ...
Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... 3.3. Oxaloacetate Shuttle Oxaloacetate is synthesized in the mitochondria and is shuttled into the cytosol where it is converted into phosphoenolpyruvate ...
... 3.3. Oxaloacetate Shuttle Oxaloacetate is synthesized in the mitochondria and is shuttled into the cytosol where it is converted into phosphoenolpyruvate ...
Nutrients note
... - ruminants (e.g. sheep and cows) have bacteria which release enzymes that can break down cellulose Chitin - a modified form of cellulose - makes up the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans 2. LIPIDS STRUCTURE: - the primary building blocks of most lipids are fatty acids FUNCTION: - primarily used ...
... - ruminants (e.g. sheep and cows) have bacteria which release enzymes that can break down cellulose Chitin - a modified form of cellulose - makes up the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans 2. LIPIDS STRUCTURE: - the primary building blocks of most lipids are fatty acids FUNCTION: - primarily used ...
CHE 4310 Fall 2011
... enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase in the presence of an excess of ADP and ATP, the final mixture contains approximately 1750 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate for every 1 molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Estimate the G’0 of the reaction below (R = 8.315 J/mol·K and T = ...
... enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase in the presence of an excess of ADP and ATP, the final mixture contains approximately 1750 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate for every 1 molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Estimate the G’0 of the reaction below (R = 8.315 J/mol·K and T = ...
Chapter 34 HEIN
... • This polymer breaks down to glucose, which is oxidized to replenish the ATP supply. • Because glucose oxidation is a complex process, muscle contraction must proceed at a slower rate. • This energy supply is only useful for about 2 minutes of work; muscles rapidly deplete their glycogen stores and ...
... • This polymer breaks down to glucose, which is oxidized to replenish the ATP supply. • Because glucose oxidation is a complex process, muscle contraction must proceed at a slower rate. • This energy supply is only useful for about 2 minutes of work; muscles rapidly deplete their glycogen stores and ...
Original
... Dipeptide : (Figure 3–8a) shows how two amino acids bond to form a dipeptide. In this condensation reaction, the two amino acids form a covalent bond (peptide bond) and release a water molecule. ...
... Dipeptide : (Figure 3–8a) shows how two amino acids bond to form a dipeptide. In this condensation reaction, the two amino acids form a covalent bond (peptide bond) and release a water molecule. ...
Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
... maintenance of blood glucose levels near 80 to 100 mg/dL (4,4-5,6 mmol/l) insulin and glucagon (regulate fuel mobilization and storage) ...
... maintenance of blood glucose levels near 80 to 100 mg/dL (4,4-5,6 mmol/l) insulin and glucagon (regulate fuel mobilization and storage) ...
PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX
... aerobically, only 2 ATP is produced instead of 36-38 ATP. Everywhere always lactic acid is the endproduct of glycolysis causing lactic acidosis, a kind of metabolic acidosis (blood pH decreases). Serious developmental irreversible organic and functional brain damage occurs in utero, during and after ...
... aerobically, only 2 ATP is produced instead of 36-38 ATP. Everywhere always lactic acid is the endproduct of glycolysis causing lactic acidosis, a kind of metabolic acidosis (blood pH decreases). Serious developmental irreversible organic and functional brain damage occurs in utero, during and after ...
Lipids (lect 4))
... Acetyl CoA is the precursor of fatty acid synthesis. It is produced from oxidation of glucose (by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate), βoxidation of fatty acids and metabolism of ketogenic and mixed amino acids. Acetyl CoA is produced in mitochondria, and FA synthesis occurs in cytoplasm, so acet ...
... Acetyl CoA is the precursor of fatty acid synthesis. It is produced from oxidation of glucose (by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate), βoxidation of fatty acids and metabolism of ketogenic and mixed amino acids. Acetyl CoA is produced in mitochondria, and FA synthesis occurs in cytoplasm, so acet ...
A1981LY47200002
... facilitate uptake and oxidation of glucose. the latter half of 1961 and early 1962 The physiologic and pathologic significance of this concept is discussed. [The SCI® indishowed that metabolism of fatty acids cates that this paper has been cited over 800 (and ketone bodies) inhibited these times sin ...
... facilitate uptake and oxidation of glucose. the latter half of 1961 and early 1962 The physiologic and pathologic significance of this concept is discussed. [The SCI® indishowed that metabolism of fatty acids cates that this paper has been cited over 800 (and ketone bodies) inhibited these times sin ...
Why Glycogen as an Energy Storage Molecule?
... Inhibition of gluconeogenesis leads to: - Buildup of substrate lactate (lactic acid) causing acidosis (rarely overt) - Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in undernourished people. Can lead to irreversible CNS damage ...
... Inhibition of gluconeogenesis leads to: - Buildup of substrate lactate (lactic acid) causing acidosis (rarely overt) - Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in undernourished people. Can lead to irreversible CNS damage ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.