Cellular Respiration
... membrane, enough energy is created to cause ADP to combine with P to form ATP This step produces 32 ATP for a net yield of 36 Water is also produced as a product ...
... membrane, enough energy is created to cause ADP to combine with P to form ATP This step produces 32 ATP for a net yield of 36 Water is also produced as a product ...
Aerobic Metabolism: The Citric Acid Cycle
... involved in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and water to generate a form of usable energy. The citric acid cycle also provides precursors for many compounds such as certain amino acids, and some of its reactions are therefore important even in cells pe ...
... involved in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and water to generate a form of usable energy. The citric acid cycle also provides precursors for many compounds such as certain amino acids, and some of its reactions are therefore important even in cells pe ...
Glucose or Ethanol
... oxygen. Bacteria does not follow this rule. Hence, bacteria can proliferate more easily. Aerobic bacteria grow fast and anaerobic bacteria grow slower under high O2 tension. The opposite occurs at low O2 tension Growth rate of bacteria is 5 - 8 times faster than yeast Under conditions where ye ...
... oxygen. Bacteria does not follow this rule. Hence, bacteria can proliferate more easily. Aerobic bacteria grow fast and anaerobic bacteria grow slower under high O2 tension. The opposite occurs at low O2 tension Growth rate of bacteria is 5 - 8 times faster than yeast Under conditions where ye ...
Cellular Respiration
... NADH and FADH2 release electrons and their H+ ions This turns them into NAD+ and FAD H+ ions are sequestered in the inner mitochondrial space H+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase Oxygen is the final electron acceptor molecule in the ETC The maximum amount of ATP pro ...
... NADH and FADH2 release electrons and their H+ ions This turns them into NAD+ and FAD H+ ions are sequestered in the inner mitochondrial space H+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase Oxygen is the final electron acceptor molecule in the ETC The maximum amount of ATP pro ...
lec27_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu
... Introduction to Metabolism Required reading in Horton: 10.1-10.5. Nelson: 13.1 Bioenergetics and Thermodynamics. ...
... Introduction to Metabolism Required reading in Horton: 10.1-10.5. Nelson: 13.1 Bioenergetics and Thermodynamics. ...
FREE Sample Here
... C. In the normal physiological range D. Indicative of effective buffering by the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system ...
... C. In the normal physiological range D. Indicative of effective buffering by the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system ...
Chapter 16 Glycolysis Control of glycolytic pathway
... Glycolysis converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate with the generation of two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis can be thought of as occurring in two stages: 1. Stage 1 traps glucose in the cell and modifies it so that it can be cleaved into a pair of phosphorylated 3-carbon compo ...
... Glycolysis converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate with the generation of two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis can be thought of as occurring in two stages: 1. Stage 1 traps glucose in the cell and modifies it so that it can be cleaved into a pair of phosphorylated 3-carbon compo ...
High Alcohol Fermentations: How to Manage Primary and
... Winemaking Goals in a High Sugar Ferment ...
... Winemaking Goals in a High Sugar Ferment ...
Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... • This cycle goes around twice for each molecule of glucose • And for every turn of the cycle, 1 ATP is produced • In total, 2 ATP are produced from the Citric Acid/Kreb’s Cycle (because the cycle rotates twice) ...
... • This cycle goes around twice for each molecule of glucose • And for every turn of the cycle, 1 ATP is produced • In total, 2 ATP are produced from the Citric Acid/Kreb’s Cycle (because the cycle rotates twice) ...
Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
... and animals synthesize sterols, the type that makes the most important contribution to human structure and function is cholesterol, which is synthesized by the liver in humans and animals and is also present in most animal-based foods. Like other lipids, cholesterol's hydrocarbons make it hydrophobi ...
... and animals synthesize sterols, the type that makes the most important contribution to human structure and function is cholesterol, which is synthesized by the liver in humans and animals and is also present in most animal-based foods. Like other lipids, cholesterol's hydrocarbons make it hydrophobi ...
GLOBAL WARMING - Agronomy Courses
... – Redox balance in the rumen • 2H (Reducing equivalents) produced: – Glucose > 2 Pyruvate + 4H (as 2 NADH2) – Pyruvate + H2O > Acetate + CO2 + 2H (as 1 FADH2) • 2H accepted: – CO2 + 4H2 > CH4 + 2H2O – Pyruvate + 4H (as 2 NADH2) > Propionate + H2O – 2 Acetate + 4H (as 2 NADH2) > Butyrate + 2H2O ...
... – Redox balance in the rumen • 2H (Reducing equivalents) produced: – Glucose > 2 Pyruvate + 4H (as 2 NADH2) – Pyruvate + H2O > Acetate + CO2 + 2H (as 1 FADH2) • 2H accepted: – CO2 + 4H2 > CH4 + 2H2O – Pyruvate + 4H (as 2 NADH2) > Propionate + H2O – 2 Acetate + 4H (as 2 NADH2) > Butyrate + 2H2O ...
APchapter5notes
... - “unsaturated”: has one or more double bonds which removes H atoms; plants and fish; liquid at room temp. ...
... - “unsaturated”: has one or more double bonds which removes H atoms; plants and fish; liquid at room temp. ...
Chapter 1 Notes
... - “unsaturated”: has one or more double bonds which removes H atoms; plants and fish; liquid at room temp. ...
... - “unsaturated”: has one or more double bonds which removes H atoms; plants and fish; liquid at room temp. ...
Placenta
... inside their bodies during early development. • During pregnancy, the developing foetus receives all its nutrients via the placenta. • All the waste products in the foetus’s blood are removed via the placenta. • The placenta also produces hormones. ...
... inside their bodies during early development. • During pregnancy, the developing foetus receives all its nutrients via the placenta. • All the waste products in the foetus’s blood are removed via the placenta. • The placenta also produces hormones. ...
Biological Molecules: Structure and Methods of Analysis
... Cu+2, and citrate ions in a buffer with a basic pH. The Cu+2 ions in this reagent have weak oxidizing activity and can react with the reducing group C = O which is only found in the linear form of sugars. Such sugars are termed reducing sugars. When Benedict’s reagent is in the presence of reducing ...
... Cu+2, and citrate ions in a buffer with a basic pH. The Cu+2 ions in this reagent have weak oxidizing activity and can react with the reducing group C = O which is only found in the linear form of sugars. Such sugars are termed reducing sugars. When Benedict’s reagent is in the presence of reducing ...
Biological Molecules: Structure and Methods of Analysis
... pattern termed Brownian motion. Therefore, the melting point is affected by anything that affects the ability of molecules to pack together or anything that increases Brownian motion. Just as smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules, fatty acids with short acyl chains exhibit more Brow ...
... pattern termed Brownian motion. Therefore, the melting point is affected by anything that affects the ability of molecules to pack together or anything that increases Brownian motion. Just as smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules, fatty acids with short acyl chains exhibit more Brow ...
Ch. 33 Synthesis of Fatty acids, Triacylglycerols, Membrane lipids
... Glucose to pyruvate in mitochondrion, forms Ac CoA, OAA, which form citrate Citrate in cytosol then to Ac CoA, malonyl CoA Fatty acid synthesis involve series 2-C additions from malonyl CoA to the ω-C of Ac CoA onto FA synthase. Costs 2 NADPH and 1 ATP per cycle addition ...
... Glucose to pyruvate in mitochondrion, forms Ac CoA, OAA, which form citrate Citrate in cytosol then to Ac CoA, malonyl CoA Fatty acid synthesis involve series 2-C additions from malonyl CoA to the ω-C of Ac CoA onto FA synthase. Costs 2 NADPH and 1 ATP per cycle addition ...
aerobic respiration
... Chemoautotrophs with little or no O2 tolerance restricted to extreme & anoxic environments ...
... Chemoautotrophs with little or no O2 tolerance restricted to extreme & anoxic environments ...
chapt05_lecture
... a. Fat stored in adipose tissue as triglycerides b. Great way to store energy: 1 gram fat = 9 kcal energy. 1) In a nonobese 155-pound man, 80-85% of his stored energy is in fat. (140,000 calories) c. Lipolysis: breaking triglycerides down into fatty acids and glycerol using the enzyme lipase. 1) Fat ...
... a. Fat stored in adipose tissue as triglycerides b. Great way to store energy: 1 gram fat = 9 kcal energy. 1) In a nonobese 155-pound man, 80-85% of his stored energy is in fat. (140,000 calories) c. Lipolysis: breaking triglycerides down into fatty acids and glycerol using the enzyme lipase. 1) Fat ...
Amino acids degradation and synthesis
... Ketone bodies are three water-soluble compounds that are produced as by-products when fatty acids are broken down for energy in the liver and kidney. The three ketone bodies are acetone, acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Ketone bodies are transported from the liver to other tissues, whe ...
... Ketone bodies are three water-soluble compounds that are produced as by-products when fatty acids are broken down for energy in the liver and kidney. The three ketone bodies are acetone, acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Ketone bodies are transported from the liver to other tissues, whe ...
Bio 2 – Vocabulary--Biological Molecules
... added to ADP to reattach the third phosphate to form ATP in the mitochondria. ...
... added to ADP to reattach the third phosphate to form ATP in the mitochondria. ...
Intracellular Respiration
... Hydrogen acceptors 1. NAD+ (oxidized) Nicotinamide adenine Dinucleotide, accepts electrons and becomes 2. NADH (reduced) ...
... Hydrogen acceptors 1. NAD+ (oxidized) Nicotinamide adenine Dinucleotide, accepts electrons and becomes 2. NADH (reduced) ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.