Lecture 4: Digestion and Nutrient Metabolism
... The entire oxidation of glucose utilizes two mechanisms: glycolysis and TCA cycle glycolysis takes place in cytosol, TCA or citric acid cycle) in the mitochondria TCA cycle utilizes a variety of substrates (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, keto acids) for energy gain each turn on the TCA cycl ...
... The entire oxidation of glucose utilizes two mechanisms: glycolysis and TCA cycle glycolysis takes place in cytosol, TCA or citric acid cycle) in the mitochondria TCA cycle utilizes a variety of substrates (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, keto acids) for energy gain each turn on the TCA cycl ...
CHAPTER 7 _3_ - Doral Academy Preparatory
... ETC Take place in the MitochondriaCopyright Cmassengale ...
... ETC Take place in the MitochondriaCopyright Cmassengale ...
Document
... behave as facultative anaerobes, but __________ cells cannot. •For facultative ________________, pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road that leads to two alternative Ethanol or routes. lactate ...
... behave as facultative anaerobes, but __________ cells cannot. •For facultative ________________, pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road that leads to two alternative Ethanol or routes. lactate ...
Document
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
2, The Glyoxylate Pathway
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
Reactions of Photosynthesis (continued)
... produced by the Light Reactions, enzymes convert each three-carbon molecule to the three-carbon sugar G3P. ...
... produced by the Light Reactions, enzymes convert each three-carbon molecule to the three-carbon sugar G3P. ...
Chapter 15 Review Worksheet and Key
... H+ moves from the intermembrane space, through ATP synthase, and into the mitochondrial matrix. Which term best describes this process: facilitated diffusion or active transport? Facilitated diffusion is the process of ions or molecules moving through a membrane assisted by a protein. The hydrogens ...
... H+ moves from the intermembrane space, through ATP synthase, and into the mitochondrial matrix. Which term best describes this process: facilitated diffusion or active transport? Facilitated diffusion is the process of ions or molecules moving through a membrane assisted by a protein. The hydrogens ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... atom of a-ketoglutarate 3. The glutamate then functions as the amino group donor for biosynthetic pathways or for excretion pathway 4. Amino transferase contain the prosthetic group, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) 5. PLP is covalently bound to lysine through aldimine (Schiff base) 6. Aminotransferases ar ...
... atom of a-ketoglutarate 3. The glutamate then functions as the amino group donor for biosynthetic pathways or for excretion pathway 4. Amino transferase contain the prosthetic group, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) 5. PLP is covalently bound to lysine through aldimine (Schiff base) 6. Aminotransferases ar ...
Chapter 8
... Enzymes that catalyze near-equilibrium reactions tend to – act quickly – restore equilibrium concentrations – net rates of such reactions are effectively regulated by the relative concentration of substrates and products ...
... Enzymes that catalyze near-equilibrium reactions tend to – act quickly – restore equilibrium concentrations – net rates of such reactions are effectively regulated by the relative concentration of substrates and products ...
Amino Acids - faculty at Chemeketa
... In ketogenesis Large amounts of acetyl CoA accumulate. Two acetyl CoA molecules combine to form acetoacetyl CoA. Acetoacetyl CoA hydrolyzes to acetoacetate, a ketone body. Acetoacetate reduces to -hydroxybutyrate or loses CO2 to form acetone, both ketone bodies. ...
... In ketogenesis Large amounts of acetyl CoA accumulate. Two acetyl CoA molecules combine to form acetoacetyl CoA. Acetoacetyl CoA hydrolyzes to acetoacetate, a ketone body. Acetoacetate reduces to -hydroxybutyrate or loses CO2 to form acetone, both ketone bodies. ...
Biomolecules
... Course description This subject introduces students to cellular metabolism and energy transfer mechanisms. A description of the individual reactions that constitute the carbohydrate catabolic and anabolic pathways is given. It provides an understanding of nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism. The role ...
... Course description This subject introduces students to cellular metabolism and energy transfer mechanisms. A description of the individual reactions that constitute the carbohydrate catabolic and anabolic pathways is given. It provides an understanding of nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism. The role ...
Why does lactic acid build up in muscles?
... As our bodies perform strenuous exercise, we begin to breathe faster as we attempt to shuttle more oxygen to our working muscles. The body prefers to generate most of its energy using aerobic methods, meaning with oxygen. Some circumstances, however, --such as evading the historical saber tooth tige ...
... As our bodies perform strenuous exercise, we begin to breathe faster as we attempt to shuttle more oxygen to our working muscles. The body prefers to generate most of its energy using aerobic methods, meaning with oxygen. Some circumstances, however, --such as evading the historical saber tooth tige ...
AQA Biology: Energy transfers and changes in
... 3 Splitting of water using light/photons; to provide electrons (to replace those lost by chlorophyll). 4 (Photon of) light causes electron to be lost/‘excited’; from chlorophyll. 5 Electrons pass along series of carriers/electron transfer chain; at decreasing energy levels/energy released; used to ...
... 3 Splitting of water using light/photons; to provide electrons (to replace those lost by chlorophyll). 4 (Photon of) light causes electron to be lost/‘excited’; from chlorophyll. 5 Electrons pass along series of carriers/electron transfer chain; at decreasing energy levels/energy released; used to ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... 2CO2 +3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • One acetyl enters in a form of Acetyl-CoA • Carbon is oxidized to CO2 • Electrons from oxidation are captured on 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 • Production of one GTP (ATP) • One molecule of oxaloacetate reacts to one citrate ...
... 2CO2 +3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • One acetyl enters in a form of Acetyl-CoA • Carbon is oxidized to CO2 • Electrons from oxidation are captured on 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 • Production of one GTP (ATP) • One molecule of oxaloacetate reacts to one citrate ...
Thoughtfully Navigating the Formula Market
... Use with caution as oral supplement unless significantly behind in growth as can fill up to point that patient doesn’t eat anything as little as 2 cans/day. Nutren 2.0 Adult formula typically for those >13 years but may use in special circumstances younger Used highly by CF patients especial ...
... Use with caution as oral supplement unless significantly behind in growth as can fill up to point that patient doesn’t eat anything as little as 2 cans/day. Nutren 2.0 Adult formula typically for those >13 years but may use in special circumstances younger Used highly by CF patients especial ...
Hypoxia Oxidative phosphorylation contribution to ATP production
... mirabilis examined using cDNA microarrays. PO2 was approximately 10% of normoxia, which is below PO2 that induces a decrease in respiration. Gene expression was then measured in a control, and at times after hypoxia exposure (Gracey, Troll and Somero, 2001). ...
... mirabilis examined using cDNA microarrays. PO2 was approximately 10% of normoxia, which is below PO2 that induces a decrease in respiration. Gene expression was then measured in a control, and at times after hypoxia exposure (Gracey, Troll and Somero, 2001). ...
Metabolism
... Oxidative phosphorylation Each NADH produces net 2 ATP due to NADH transport over the mitrochondrial membrane Oxidative phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation From the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule to carbon dioxide and oxidat ...
... Oxidative phosphorylation Each NADH produces net 2 ATP due to NADH transport over the mitrochondrial membrane Oxidative phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation From the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule to carbon dioxide and oxidat ...
PPT4 - Ycmou
... Catabolic reactions are basically oxidation reactions which uses oxygen. Catabolism of proteins contribute only 10% to 15% of total energy. L-glutamate is common acceptor of amino group from amino acids. L-glutamate is common acceptor of amino group from amino acids. ...
... Catabolic reactions are basically oxidation reactions which uses oxygen. Catabolism of proteins contribute only 10% to 15% of total energy. L-glutamate is common acceptor of amino group from amino acids. L-glutamate is common acceptor of amino group from amino acids. ...
Notes - Learner
... Further processing of pyruvate depends on the aerobic or anaerobic nature of an organism. In anaerobic respiration, pyruvate is further processed to produce either lactic acid or ethyl alcohol. There is incomplete oxidation of glucose in anaerobic respiration. In aerobic respiration, pyruvate is fur ...
... Further processing of pyruvate depends on the aerobic or anaerobic nature of an organism. In anaerobic respiration, pyruvate is further processed to produce either lactic acid or ethyl alcohol. There is incomplete oxidation of glucose in anaerobic respiration. In aerobic respiration, pyruvate is fur ...
Cellular Respiration
... membrane, enough energy is created to cause ADP to combine with P to form ATP This step produces 32 ATP for a net yield of 36 Water is also produced as a product ...
... membrane, enough energy is created to cause ADP to combine with P to form ATP This step produces 32 ATP for a net yield of 36 Water is also produced as a product ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.