glycolysis
... This is conventionally seen as the endpoint of glycolysis It’s worthwhile, though, to see what can happen to the products Pyruvate (memorize that structure!) is an important intermediate in several ...
... This is conventionally seen as the endpoint of glycolysis It’s worthwhile, though, to see what can happen to the products Pyruvate (memorize that structure!) is an important intermediate in several ...
Full version (PDF file)
... catabolism of threonine via aminoacetone (Lyles and Chalmers 1992). The catabolism of threonine normally produces glycine and acetyl-CoA, but in a low CoA state such as diabetic metabolic crisis, where much of the CoA is in the form of acetyl-CoA, threonine is catabolized to aminoacetone (Tressel et ...
... catabolism of threonine via aminoacetone (Lyles and Chalmers 1992). The catabolism of threonine normally produces glycine and acetyl-CoA, but in a low CoA state such as diabetic metabolic crisis, where much of the CoA is in the form of acetyl-CoA, threonine is catabolized to aminoacetone (Tressel et ...
Document
... • Proteins are broken down to amino acids • Amino acids are broken apart • Amino group is removed, ammonia forms, is converted to urea and excreted ...
... • Proteins are broken down to amino acids • Amino acids are broken apart • Amino group is removed, ammonia forms, is converted to urea and excreted ...
Home - NeuroImmune Alliance
... lower levels of serum total carnitine, free carnitine and acylcarnitine compared to healthy controls.36 They concluded this was due to dysfunctional mitochondria. They also found a statistically significant correlation between lower serum total and free carnitine levels and worse clinical symptomato ...
... lower levels of serum total carnitine, free carnitine and acylcarnitine compared to healthy controls.36 They concluded this was due to dysfunctional mitochondria. They also found a statistically significant correlation between lower serum total and free carnitine levels and worse clinical symptomato ...
Eubacterium limosum on glucose/methanol mixtures
... utilization are regularly encountered dependent largely upon the substrate concentration. When substrate is in excess, sequential utilization of the carbon compounds tends to occur and a diauxic growth pattern is observed. The substrate that supports the highest growth rate is used preferentially an ...
... utilization are regularly encountered dependent largely upon the substrate concentration. When substrate is in excess, sequential utilization of the carbon compounds tends to occur and a diauxic growth pattern is observed. The substrate that supports the highest growth rate is used preferentially an ...
Metabolomics - Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics
... in hypoxia) and (2) to provide precursors for biosynthetic pathways. As traditionally envisaged (eg, in most biochemistry textbooks), the CAC begins with the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl-CoA, consisting of 8 sequential linear irreversible (eg, citrate synthase and the 2-oxoglutarate dehy ...
... in hypoxia) and (2) to provide precursors for biosynthetic pathways. As traditionally envisaged (eg, in most biochemistry textbooks), the CAC begins with the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl-CoA, consisting of 8 sequential linear irreversible (eg, citrate synthase and the 2-oxoglutarate dehy ...
Treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lactic acidosis
... Ketoacidosis is a metabolic state associated with high concentrations of ketone bodies in the circulation, due to the accelerated breakdown of fatty acids by the liver and the deamination of amino acids. The two common ketones produced in humans are acetoacetic acid and βhydroxybutyrate. An excess o ...
... Ketoacidosis is a metabolic state associated with high concentrations of ketone bodies in the circulation, due to the accelerated breakdown of fatty acids by the liver and the deamination of amino acids. The two common ketones produced in humans are acetoacetic acid and βhydroxybutyrate. An excess o ...
Fat Metabolism
... • When there is not enough insulin in the blood and it must break down fat for its energy. • Ketones build up in the blood and then spill over into the urine so that the body can get rid of them. Acetone can be exhaled through the lungs. This gives the breath a fruity odor. Ketones that build up in ...
... • When there is not enough insulin in the blood and it must break down fat for its energy. • Ketones build up in the blood and then spill over into the urine so that the body can get rid of them. Acetone can be exhaled through the lungs. This gives the breath a fruity odor. Ketones that build up in ...
Module 2 Biochemical bases of proliferation, intercellular
... 68. Xanthosine monophosphate is an intermediate during de novo synthesis of A. TMP B. CMP C. AMP D. * GMP E. All of these 69. Which of the following is not an essential attribute that a biological molecule would need to be a useful genetic material? A. * It must carry all of the information needed t ...
... 68. Xanthosine monophosphate is an intermediate during de novo synthesis of A. TMP B. CMP C. AMP D. * GMP E. All of these 69. Which of the following is not an essential attribute that a biological molecule would need to be a useful genetic material? A. * It must carry all of the information needed t ...
Beili B24 25 Insulin
... highly dependent upon aromatic character at these two residues (1). Position B24 was extremely restrictive to structural modification while B25 was extremely permissive. In Figure 3 we report the extreme difference between the same substitutions at B24 and B25. Each of the B25 insulin analogs were o ...
... highly dependent upon aromatic character at these two residues (1). Position B24 was extremely restrictive to structural modification while B25 was extremely permissive. In Figure 3 we report the extreme difference between the same substitutions at B24 and B25. Each of the B25 insulin analogs were o ...
Energy Metabolism of the Brain, Including the Cooperation between
... phosphorylase (GP) inhibition activity, and the actual activity of the brain appeared to be limited to just astrocytes. The breakdown of glycogen by glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the brain is controlled by both phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and allosteric mechanisms. Control performed by phosph ...
... phosphorylase (GP) inhibition activity, and the actual activity of the brain appeared to be limited to just astrocytes. The breakdown of glycogen by glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the brain is controlled by both phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and allosteric mechanisms. Control performed by phosph ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules • This released energy is ultimately used to synthesize ATP ...
... chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules • This released energy is ultimately used to synthesize ATP ...
Structure, function and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
... Role of PC in insulin signalling in pancreatic islets Glucose is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion from βpancreatic cells when extracellular levels are greater than 3 mM. Secretion of insulin in response to a high concentration of glucose results in the rapid uptake of glucose by pancreatic β ...
... Role of PC in insulin signalling in pancreatic islets Glucose is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion from βpancreatic cells when extracellular levels are greater than 3 mM. Secretion of insulin in response to a high concentration of glucose results in the rapid uptake of glucose by pancreatic β ...
Print - Circulation Research
... Initially, during the metabolism of glucose and lactate, the coenzyme NAD is reduced to NADH and pyruvate is formed in the cytosolic compartment 1 of the myocardial cell. Subsequent entry of pyruvate into the mitochondria for oxidative metabolism in the citric acid cycle requires an equivalent oxida ...
... Initially, during the metabolism of glucose and lactate, the coenzyme NAD is reduced to NADH and pyruvate is formed in the cytosolic compartment 1 of the myocardial cell. Subsequent entry of pyruvate into the mitochondria for oxidative metabolism in the citric acid cycle requires an equivalent oxida ...
Unit F214 - Communication, homeostasis and energy - High
... Herbicides (weedkillers) interfere with electron transport by accepting electrons. Suggest how this causes plants to die. ...
... Herbicides (weedkillers) interfere with electron transport by accepting electrons. Suggest how this causes plants to die. ...
Metabolic pathways in Anopheles stephensi mitochondria
... mitochondria were apparent. One, the glycerol–phosphate shuttle ...
... mitochondria were apparent. One, the glycerol–phosphate shuttle ...
lactic acid ENG.cdr
... 7. NRTIs – drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction Miscellaneous lactic acidosis Spontaneous lactic acidosis ...
... 7. NRTIs – drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction Miscellaneous lactic acidosis Spontaneous lactic acidosis ...
Signs and Symptoms of the Hepatobiliary Tract and Pancreas
... • Cell necrosis reduces the liver's ability to metabolize and excrete bilirubin leading to a buildup of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood • Other causes include primary biliary cirrhosis leading to an increase in plasma conjugated bilirubin because there is impairment of excretion of conjugated bi ...
... • Cell necrosis reduces the liver's ability to metabolize and excrete bilirubin leading to a buildup of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood • Other causes include primary biliary cirrhosis leading to an increase in plasma conjugated bilirubin because there is impairment of excretion of conjugated bi ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.