how cells obtain energy from food
... Returning to the paddle-wheel analogy that we used to introduce coupled reactions (see Figure 2-56), we can now equate enzymes with the paddle wheel. Enzymes act to harvest useful energy from the oxidation of organic molecules by coupling an energetically unfavorable reaction with a favorable one. T ...
... Returning to the paddle-wheel analogy that we used to introduce coupled reactions (see Figure 2-56), we can now equate enzymes with the paddle wheel. Enzymes act to harvest useful energy from the oxidation of organic molecules by coupling an energetically unfavorable reaction with a favorable one. T ...
Sugar
... food products that could contribute to high cholesterol levels. Not only do these foods have high cholesterol, they also contain high amounts of saturated fats and trans-fats--both of which contribute to high cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis. Given these studies and the fact that eggs are an e ...
... food products that could contribute to high cholesterol levels. Not only do these foods have high cholesterol, they also contain high amounts of saturated fats and trans-fats--both of which contribute to high cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis. Given these studies and the fact that eggs are an e ...
Mitochondrial Respiration
... pyruvate to ethanol, which is excreted as a waste product. NADH is converted to NAD+ in the reaction catalyzed by Alcohol Dehydrogenase. ...
... pyruvate to ethanol, which is excreted as a waste product. NADH is converted to NAD+ in the reaction catalyzed by Alcohol Dehydrogenase. ...
![pertemuan 11 (respirasi, glikolisis, siklus krebs) [โหมดความเข้ากันได้]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007851334_1-0a64bc276968ef728f82fe301bed0dd5-300x300.png)
pertemuan 11 (respirasi, glikolisis, siklus krebs) [โหมดความเข้ากันได้]
... pyruvate to ethanol, which is excreted as a waste product. NADH is converted to NAD+ in the reaction catalyzed by Alcohol Dehydrogenase. ...
... pyruvate to ethanol, which is excreted as a waste product. NADH is converted to NAD+ in the reaction catalyzed by Alcohol Dehydrogenase. ...
7-cellular-respiration
... catalyse the regeneration of ADP and Pi into ATP. The final electron receptor is oxygen. Oxygen combines with the hydrogen ions to produce water. This produces 36 molecules of ATP ...
... catalyse the regeneration of ADP and Pi into ATP. The final electron receptor is oxygen. Oxygen combines with the hydrogen ions to produce water. This produces 36 molecules of ATP ...
File - Ms. Kuiper`s Website
... _______________, _______________, and _______________ between R groups. The shape of the protein is determined by its _______________. The function of the protein is determined by its _______________ _______________. 21. Two main functions of carbohydrates in living systems are in _______________-te ...
... _______________, _______________, and _______________ between R groups. The shape of the protein is determined by its _______________. The function of the protein is determined by its _______________ _______________. 21. Two main functions of carbohydrates in living systems are in _______________-te ...
Physiology of metabolic processes in the body. Composition of diet
... is starch from consumed plant material. This is supplemented with a small amount of glycogen from animal tissue, disaccharides such as sucrose from products containing refined sugar and lactose in milk. Digestion in the gut converts all carbohydrate to monosaccharides which are transported to the li ...
... is starch from consumed plant material. This is supplemented with a small amount of glycogen from animal tissue, disaccharides such as sucrose from products containing refined sugar and lactose in milk. Digestion in the gut converts all carbohydrate to monosaccharides which are transported to the li ...
Chapter 24 - Questions
... For a marathon runner, what benefit is there to eating a diet of 75% carbohydrates and reducing the workout for 3 to 4 days before competition? a. Muscle cells will increase the total amount of protein. b. The extra carbohydrates are stored as fat. c. The muscle cells will store higher-thannormal l ...
... For a marathon runner, what benefit is there to eating a diet of 75% carbohydrates and reducing the workout for 3 to 4 days before competition? a. Muscle cells will increase the total amount of protein. b. The extra carbohydrates are stored as fat. c. The muscle cells will store higher-thannormal l ...
BCHM 562, Biochemistry II
... (FMNH•) and reduced (FMNH2) forms occurs. 5. FMN is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD+ and is particularly useful because it can take ...
... (FMNH•) and reduced (FMNH2) forms occurs. 5. FMN is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD+ and is particularly useful because it can take ...
ADVERSITY - Dr. Roberta Dev Anand
... ◦ Sx Ligation of shunt ◦ Total ligation often causes ↑ liver BP ◦ Partial ligation may be more practical ◦ A second Sx can be performed after few months to close off shunt totally ...
... ◦ Sx Ligation of shunt ◦ Total ligation often causes ↑ liver BP ◦ Partial ligation may be more practical ◦ A second Sx can be performed after few months to close off shunt totally ...
refresher corner - Heart and Metabolism
... generation of hydrogen ions (H+’s), which can result in a decrease in intracellular pH within the ischemic myocardium.4 Because pyruvate cannot be oxidized by the mitochondria, it is converted to lactate, resulting in an increased lactate production by the heart. In the presence of severe ischemia, ...
... generation of hydrogen ions (H+’s), which can result in a decrease in intracellular pH within the ischemic myocardium.4 Because pyruvate cannot be oxidized by the mitochondria, it is converted to lactate, resulting in an increased lactate production by the heart. In the presence of severe ischemia, ...
(pg 104-110) - Cellular Respiration
... Net Energy Production for Glycolysis: 2 ATP (immediately usable for cellular work) ...
... Net Energy Production for Glycolysis: 2 ATP (immediately usable for cellular work) ...
Metabolism Summary
... PYRUVATE OXIDATION TO ACETYL CoA • Pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA occurs in the mitochondria. • Most of the acetyl CoA will be completely oxidized to CO2 in the citric acid cycle. • Some acetyl CoA will serve as starting material for fatty acid biosynthesis. • NAD+ is regenerated when NADH transf ...
... PYRUVATE OXIDATION TO ACETYL CoA • Pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA occurs in the mitochondria. • Most of the acetyl CoA will be completely oxidized to CO2 in the citric acid cycle. • Some acetyl CoA will serve as starting material for fatty acid biosynthesis. • NAD+ is regenerated when NADH transf ...
Uncoupling effect of fatty acids on heart muscle
... Thermogenin is absent from tissue other than brown fat, but nevertheless fatty acids can uncouple in these other tissues (for reviw, see [S]). We assumed [2,5] that in these cases the role of the fatty acid anion porter is performed by ATP/ADP antiporter, a protein which is very similar to thermogen ...
... Thermogenin is absent from tissue other than brown fat, but nevertheless fatty acids can uncouple in these other tissues (for reviw, see [S]). We assumed [2,5] that in these cases the role of the fatty acid anion porter is performed by ATP/ADP antiporter, a protein which is very similar to thermogen ...
Document
... Plasma collected with EDTA/Fluoride Sodium EDTA 6mg, NaF 3mg/2ml blood) anticoagulant and should be separated from the red cells within one hour of collecting the specimen. CSF for glucose estimation is collected in a plain bottle. Serum is not suitable due to continuing glycolysis by red cells in t ...
... Plasma collected with EDTA/Fluoride Sodium EDTA 6mg, NaF 3mg/2ml blood) anticoagulant and should be separated from the red cells within one hour of collecting the specimen. CSF for glucose estimation is collected in a plain bottle. Serum is not suitable due to continuing glycolysis by red cells in t ...
Cell Respiration - Biology Junction
... be released and stored for ATP production; 8.2 Outside the Mitochondria: Glycolysis 1. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria. 2. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules. 3. Glycolysis is universally found in organisms; therefore, it likely evolved bef ...
... be released and stored for ATP production; 8.2 Outside the Mitochondria: Glycolysis 1. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria. 2. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules. 3. Glycolysis is universally found in organisms; therefore, it likely evolved bef ...
... to insure that a metabolic pathway is spontaneous in the forward direction. Provide one example. • Both are used to change the Gibbs free energy of a reaction from positive to negative to make that step in the pathway spontaneous (3 pts) • Direct coupling uses the energy released when ATP is convert ...
Cellular Respiration
... Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration begin with glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is converted into pyruvate and energy is released. ...
... Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration begin with glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is converted into pyruvate and energy is released. ...
Chapter 25: Urinary System
... • Liver cells form acetoacetic acid from 2 carbon units & ketone bodies from acetoacetic acid (ketogenesis) – heart muscle & kidney cortex prefer to use acetoacetic acid for ATP production Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS ...
... • Liver cells form acetoacetic acid from 2 carbon units & ketone bodies from acetoacetic acid (ketogenesis) – heart muscle & kidney cortex prefer to use acetoacetic acid for ATP production Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS ...
VEN124 Section I
... fruit, alters timing of development • “Balance” of vine: carbohydrate demands of vine versus fruit versus level of photosynthesis ...
... fruit, alters timing of development • “Balance” of vine: carbohydrate demands of vine versus fruit versus level of photosynthesis ...
Cellular Respiration Test 1. Which stage of cellular respiration
... (You can use them MORE THAN ONCE or NOT AT ALL) ...
... (You can use them MORE THAN ONCE or NOT AT ALL) ...
Testing for Biologically Important Molecules
... removed, and hydrogen is removed from the other creating a molecule of water. The two subunits are bonded covalently. It is also referred to as Condensation. Hydrolysis is an energy releasing process which breaks the bond between the subunits and requires the addition of a water molecule. Large poly ...
... removed, and hydrogen is removed from the other creating a molecule of water. The two subunits are bonded covalently. It is also referred to as Condensation. Hydrolysis is an energy releasing process which breaks the bond between the subunits and requires the addition of a water molecule. Large poly ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.