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Honors Biology
Chapter 12 Guided Reading Assignment
Name _________________________
1. Define the following terms:
a. Recombinant DNA technology
b. plasmids
c. gene cloning
d. recombinant DNA
e. clone
f. genetic engineering
g. biotechnology
h. restriction enzymes
i. restriction fragments
j. DNA ligase
2. Explain the process of
transformation (gene
cloning) by labeling the
diagram to the right.
3. How does the rapid
reproduction of bacteria
make them a good
choice for cloning a
foreign gene?
4. What is the function of restriction enzymes
in nature?
5. How do restriction enzymes know where to
cut DNA?
6. Explain how to make recombinant DNA
using a restriction enzyme and DNA ligase
by labeling the diagram to the right.
7. What are sticky ends?
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8. How can bacteria be used to clone genes?
9. In what sense does a genomic library have multiple copies of each “book”?
10. Why is a cDNA gene made using reverse transcriptase often shorter than the
natural form of the gene?
11. Why can’t glycoproteins be mass produced by engineered bacteria or yeast
cells?
12. Human growth hormone and insulin produced by DNA technology are used in the
treatment of which diseases?
13. How does gel electrophoresis sort DNA by size?
14. What causes DNA molecules to move toward the positive pole during
electrophoresis?
15. Why do large molecules move more slowly than smaller ones?
16. In what way is DNA fingerprinting valuable for determining innocence as well as
guilt?
17. What is PCR? Why was PCR a huge breakthrough in genetic technology?
18. Why must DNA polymerase from heat-stable prokaryotes be used during PCR?
19. What is meant by the human genome sequence?
20. Why is it useful to sequence nonhuman genomes?
21. What is one of the concerns about engineering crop plants by adding genes for
herbicide resistance?
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