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Transcript
Biology CELL The basic unit of structure and function in living organisms. Extremely small can be seen properly only when magnified and viewed through microscope. CELL Your body has about 50 billion cells; some microscopic organisms only have one cell, e.g. amoeba. The structure of a typical plant cell cytoplasm vacuole Non-living granules nucleus chloroplast cell membrane cell wall Cell Wall Found in plant cells only. Made of cellulose fibre. Freely permeable. Functions : a/ To protect and support the enclosed protoplasm. b/ To resist the entry of excess water into the cell. Cell membrane / Plasma membrane All cells are surrounded by cell membrane. It is very thin. It is selectively permeable. Function: To control the passage of materials in and out of the cell. Cytoplasm A clear, jelly like substance enclosed by the cell membrane. It consists of an aqueous solution with proteins. Function: a/ A medium for chemical reactions to take place. b/ To hold the organelles and granules. Organelles Chloroplasts Present in green plant cells Contains the green pigment chlorophyll Function: The site of photosynthesis. Organelles Mitochondria Present in all living cells. Appear as rod-shaped or cylindrical organelles. Cellular respiration takes place there and food is oxidized to release energy. Also known as the ‘Power House’. Function: Site of respiration. Granules Crystals of insoluble waste. Starch granules in the cytoplasm as food reserve in plant cells. Vacuole Fluid-filled cavities bounded by a membrane called tonoplast. Contains a solution of sugars, protein and mineral salts called cell sap. The vacuoles of animal cells are usually very small. vacuole Nucleus Contains genes (carry the genetic information). Genes are made up of DNA and they are located on the chromatin/chromosomes. Nucleus Function: a/ controls the activities of the cell. b/ transmits genetic information to the next generation. Basic structure of animal cell mitochondrion nucleus nucleolus nuclear membrane cytoplasm vacuole cell membrane Animal Cells Animal cells do not have cell wall and chloroplast. The vacuole in animal cells are usually small. Non-living granules are usually glycogen or oil droplets. There is a greater variety of animal cells than the plant cells. Similarities between animal and plant cells Both have: nucleus cytoplasm mitochondrion chloroplast cell wall cell membrane Differences in Animal and Plant Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell With cell wall Without cell wall With chloroplast Without chloroplast Large vacuole at the Vacuoles are small or central absent Starch granules as food Glycogen granules as reserve food reserve Usually larger in size and Usually smaller in size regular in shape and irregular in shape Nucleus found just Nucleus found in the beneath the cell wall center of the cell Can you distinguish plant cells and animal cells from the following pictures? Plant cells Animal cells Can you distinguish plant cells and animal cells from the following pictures? Animal cells Plant cells WEB SITES http://library.thinkquest.org/3564/ http://www.kapili.com/biology4kids/cell http://personal.tmlp.com/Jimr57/tour/cell/