BOOK_1_MCQs - WordPress.com
... 7. The statement made by a scientist, which may be the possible answer to the problem. 2. It is the study of fossils and their relationship to the evolution of life on earth: a. b. c. d. ...
... 7. The statement made by a scientist, which may be the possible answer to the problem. 2. It is the study of fossils and their relationship to the evolution of life on earth: a. b. c. d. ...
Reducing Ryanodine Receptor Open Probability as a Means to
... underestimate of the amount of Ca2⫹ efflux associated with the systolic Ca2⫹ transient (as the integral begins only after the pulse ends). This is more problematic in the presence of isoproterenol, where the Ca2⫹ transient is larger and decays more quickly than under control conditions, ie, more of ...
... underestimate of the amount of Ca2⫹ efflux associated with the systolic Ca2⫹ transient (as the integral begins only after the pulse ends). This is more problematic in the presence of isoproterenol, where the Ca2⫹ transient is larger and decays more quickly than under control conditions, ie, more of ...
REMODELING OF THE OPTIC NERVE DURING METAMORPHOSIS
... binds to receptor complexes bound the TREs in order to influence gene expression (Halpern and Hinkle, 1982). The binding of T3 leads to a conformational change in the thyroid hormone receptor which results in the release of the co-repressor molecules (Bendik and Pfahl, 1995). One of the genes regula ...
... binds to receptor complexes bound the TREs in order to influence gene expression (Halpern and Hinkle, 1982). The binding of T3 leads to a conformational change in the thyroid hormone receptor which results in the release of the co-repressor molecules (Bendik and Pfahl, 1995). One of the genes regula ...
Calcium and Plant Development - Labs
... pathway in plants , though, would not have to include a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, since a protein kinase that can change the affinity of another response element upon phosphorylation to Ca2+ would be sufficient. Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases have also been identified in plants. Some are solub ...
... pathway in plants , though, would not have to include a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, since a protein kinase that can change the affinity of another response element upon phosphorylation to Ca2+ would be sufficient. Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases have also been identified in plants. Some are solub ...
Modelling and treating dysregulated fibrosis in primary open angle
... Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ...
... Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ...
Leaf Senescence
... self-destructing cellular process triggered by external or internal factors and mediated through an active genetic program. Cell death in leaf senescence is controlled by many active genetic programs (10). The cell death occurring in leaf senescence is thus a type of PCD. Leaf organs are composed of ...
... self-destructing cellular process triggered by external or internal factors and mediated through an active genetic program. Cell death in leaf senescence is controlled by many active genetic programs (10). The cell death occurring in leaf senescence is thus a type of PCD. Leaf organs are composed of ...
The transcription factors Nkx2.2 and Nkx2.9 play a
... that contribute to sensory and motor tasks. Neurons that exert and regulate motor control reside in the ventral spinal cord, and their development in the mammalian embryo is largely controlled by genetic programs (for reviews, see Briscoe and Novitch, 2008; Jessell, 2000; Shirasaki and Pfaff, 2002) ...
... that contribute to sensory and motor tasks. Neurons that exert and regulate motor control reside in the ventral spinal cord, and their development in the mammalian embryo is largely controlled by genetic programs (for reviews, see Briscoe and Novitch, 2008; Jessell, 2000; Shirasaki and Pfaff, 2002) ...
an expanded role for the twn1 gene in
... result, the twn2 EP degenerates early in development, but suspensor cells survive, enter into embryogenic development, and form one or more embryos (Zhang and Somerville, 1997). It is clear from the sus, rsp, and twn2 phenotypes that cells of the suspensor have embryogenic potential, and that this p ...
... result, the twn2 EP degenerates early in development, but suspensor cells survive, enter into embryogenic development, and form one or more embryos (Zhang and Somerville, 1997). It is clear from the sus, rsp, and twn2 phenotypes that cells of the suspensor have embryogenic potential, and that this p ...
Inactivation of mouse Twisted gastrulation reveals its
... constitutes the crucial molecular switch between the anti-Bmp and Bmp-promoting activities of Tsg. Additional evidence on the dual activity of Tsg was provided by the study of point mutations that dissociate Bmp binding and Chd interaction (Oelgeschläger et al., 2003a). Mutations in the N-terminal d ...
... constitutes the crucial molecular switch between the anti-Bmp and Bmp-promoting activities of Tsg. Additional evidence on the dual activity of Tsg was provided by the study of point mutations that dissociate Bmp binding and Chd interaction (Oelgeschläger et al., 2003a). Mutations in the N-terminal d ...
PDF - Blood Journal
... The platelet ␣IIb3 complex is a member of the integrin family of receptors, each of which is composed of an ␣ and a  subunit derived from separate genes. ␣IIb3 is important in platelet function, and both qualitative and quantitative disorders of ␣IIb3 result in the bleeding disorder Glanzmann th ...
... The platelet ␣IIb3 complex is a member of the integrin family of receptors, each of which is composed of an ␣ and a  subunit derived from separate genes. ␣IIb3 is important in platelet function, and both qualitative and quantitative disorders of ␣IIb3 result in the bleeding disorder Glanzmann th ...
EAP actuators aid the quest for the "Holy Braille" of tactile displays
... energize enough actuators to obtain reasonably short response or setup times. They also have problems associated with overheating due to accumulated heat dissipation of large numbers of closely packed actuators. This heat build up severely limits the dot cycling times, as it can take a long time for ...
... energize enough actuators to obtain reasonably short response or setup times. They also have problems associated with overheating due to accumulated heat dissipation of large numbers of closely packed actuators. This heat build up severely limits the dot cycling times, as it can take a long time for ...
Endocytosis, Recycling, and Regulated Exocytosis of Glucose
... in the fission of vesicles from membranes, is necessary for CME and has also been implicated in caveolin-1-, IL-2Rβ-, and flotillindependent endocytotic processes.15 GLUT4, the major carrier of glucose into muscle and fat cells, is a recycling protein that is continuously removed from and recycled b ...
... in the fission of vesicles from membranes, is necessary for CME and has also been implicated in caveolin-1-, IL-2Rβ-, and flotillindependent endocytotic processes.15 GLUT4, the major carrier of glucose into muscle and fat cells, is a recycling protein that is continuously removed from and recycled b ...
Matching catalytic activity to developmental function: Tolloid
... In vertebrates, Bmp1/Tld-like proteases regulate the activity of Chordin, a Sog homolog, similar to the way Tld regulates Sog activity in Drosophila embryos. Bmp1 family members can process Chordin (Piccolo et al., 1997; Blader et al., 1997) and co-overexpression of vertebrate Tld proteases with Cho ...
... In vertebrates, Bmp1/Tld-like proteases regulate the activity of Chordin, a Sog homolog, similar to the way Tld regulates Sog activity in Drosophila embryos. Bmp1 family members can process Chordin (Piccolo et al., 1997; Blader et al., 1997) and co-overexpression of vertebrate Tld proteases with Cho ...
Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, more commonly known as
... Exposure of cattle to stress factors or viral or other bacterial infections leads to proliferation of M. haemolytica in the upper respiratory tract. Once present in high levels, it enters the alveolar spaces through repeated aspiration of infected droplets and sloughed cells/tissues. Here, it initia ...
... Exposure of cattle to stress factors or viral or other bacterial infections leads to proliferation of M. haemolytica in the upper respiratory tract. Once present in high levels, it enters the alveolar spaces through repeated aspiration of infected droplets and sloughed cells/tissues. Here, it initia ...
Print
... fusion between two separate cell populations whose mitochondrial matrix is labeled in a different manner (i.e., with green and red mitochondrial-targeted fluorescent proteins). The distinct mitochondrial labels in fused cells (polykarions) colocalize only when there are mitochondrial fusion events t ...
... fusion between two separate cell populations whose mitochondrial matrix is labeled in a different manner (i.e., with green and red mitochondrial-targeted fluorescent proteins). The distinct mitochondrial labels in fused cells (polykarions) colocalize only when there are mitochondrial fusion events t ...
2004__MORRIS_et_al_Transpor... - Institute of Experimental Botany
... cell-to-cell transport was the observation that 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), a known inhibitor of polar auxin transport, stimulated the net uptake of labelled IAA in Zea mays L. coleoptile segments (37). This indicated that efflux rather than influx of IAA was inhibited by TIBA and therefore th ...
... cell-to-cell transport was the observation that 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), a known inhibitor of polar auxin transport, stimulated the net uptake of labelled IAA in Zea mays L. coleoptile segments (37). This indicated that efflux rather than influx of IAA was inhibited by TIBA and therefore th ...
Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A Activates a
... PI3Ks may act upstream of PLC activation because PLC␥ can be activated by lipid products of PI3Ks (15, 16). Although a variety of agonists are capable of activating both PLC and PI3Ks in human macrophages (17), it is not known whether SP-A is one of them. We hypothesized that SP-A binding to human m ...
... PI3Ks may act upstream of PLC activation because PLC␥ can be activated by lipid products of PI3Ks (15, 16). Although a variety of agonists are capable of activating both PLC and PI3Ks in human macrophages (17), it is not known whether SP-A is one of them. We hypothesized that SP-A binding to human m ...
Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAADP) and Cyclic
... remodeling of the Ca2+ signaling components [4]. The heart is a highly plastic organ that undergoes hypertrophy in response to different types of stimuli [5,6]. The remodeling responsible for cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory mechanism that increases the stroke volume to meet the work demand of ...
... remodeling of the Ca2+ signaling components [4]. The heart is a highly plastic organ that undergoes hypertrophy in response to different types of stimuli [5,6]. The remodeling responsible for cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory mechanism that increases the stroke volume to meet the work demand of ...
Redefining the role of ectoderm in somitogenesis
... segmental pattern (Christ and Ordahl, 1995; Gossler and Hrabe de Angelis, 1998). The PSM can be divided in two regions that differ not only in terms of gene expression patterns, but also in the morphology of the PSM cells. In the caudal two-thirds of the PSM, high Fgf8 activity is believed to keep c ...
... segmental pattern (Christ and Ordahl, 1995; Gossler and Hrabe de Angelis, 1998). The PSM can be divided in two regions that differ not only in terms of gene expression patterns, but also in the morphology of the PSM cells. In the caudal two-thirds of the PSM, high Fgf8 activity is believed to keep c ...
store-operated calcium channels
... sources of the leak are not yet well defined but may include the protein translocon that spans the ER membrane (271, 392). The introduction of fura 2 and related Ca2⫹-sensitive fluorescent dyes by Tsien and colleagues (129) made it possible to detect Ca2⫹ release in response to TG added in the absen ...
... sources of the leak are not yet well defined but may include the protein translocon that spans the ER membrane (271, 392). The introduction of fura 2 and related Ca2⫹-sensitive fluorescent dyes by Tsien and colleagues (129) made it possible to detect Ca2⫹ release in response to TG added in the absen ...
Dual function of Swc5 in SWR remodeling ATPase activation and
... encodes H2A.Z) are viable but exhibit growth defects and loss of fitness under stress (19). Although H2A.Z is not required for the steady-state transcript output of most genes, it is required for rapid transcriptional induction, including the heat-shock and the cyclin genes, and is preferentially ev ...
... encodes H2A.Z) are viable but exhibit growth defects and loss of fitness under stress (19). Although H2A.Z is not required for the steady-state transcript output of most genes, it is required for rapid transcriptional induction, including the heat-shock and the cyclin genes, and is preferentially ev ...
Auxin transport routes in plant development
... The plant hormone auxin (the predominant form of which is indole3-acetic acid; IAA) is a major coordinating signal in the regulation of plant development. Many aspects of auxin action depend on its differential distribution within plant tissues, where it forms local maxima or gradients between cells ...
... The plant hormone auxin (the predominant form of which is indole3-acetic acid; IAA) is a major coordinating signal in the regulation of plant development. Many aspects of auxin action depend on its differential distribution within plant tissues, where it forms local maxima or gradients between cells ...
Influence of the 4G/5G PAI-1 genotype on angiotensin II
... that the relationship between Ang II and PAI-1 would be mediated by the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor [17,18]; furthermore, AT1 receptor blockers have been shown to attenuate angiotensin-induced inhibition of fibrinolysis and this may be one of the mechanisms in the prevention of ischemic eve ...
... that the relationship between Ang II and PAI-1 would be mediated by the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor [17,18]; furthermore, AT1 receptor blockers have been shown to attenuate angiotensin-induced inhibition of fibrinolysis and this may be one of the mechanisms in the prevention of ischemic eve ...
Stepwise Activation of BAX and BAK by tBID, BIM, and PUMA
... by BH3s, whose activity is in turn regulated either transcriptionally or posttranslationally by upstream death signaling cascades (Danial and Korsmeyer, 2004; Korsmeyer et al., 2000). By analogy, BH3s function as death ligands that allosterically regulate the mitochondrial death receptor BAX/BAK (Ko ...
... by BH3s, whose activity is in turn regulated either transcriptionally or posttranslationally by upstream death signaling cascades (Danial and Korsmeyer, 2004; Korsmeyer et al., 2000). By analogy, BH3s function as death ligands that allosterically regulate the mitochondrial death receptor BAX/BAK (Ko ...
Caroline Jeya Sheeba Daniel Sunder Singh
... been evaluated. Experiments aiming to shift the limits of FGF or RA signaling along the PD limb axis is affecting the limb skeletal element size, reinforcing the similarity with somitogenesis. However, the results are not yet conclusive. The parallelisms identified from our work and the ones establi ...
... been evaluated. Experiments aiming to shift the limits of FGF or RA signaling along the PD limb axis is affecting the limb skeletal element size, reinforcing the similarity with somitogenesis. However, the results are not yet conclusive. The parallelisms identified from our work and the ones establi ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.