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Chapter 1: Cells – the Basic
Building Blocks of Life
Lesson 3: Comparing plant and animal cells
 Understand the differences between plant and
animal cells
 Record evidence using a microscope
 Communicate about cells using scientific
terminology
Lesson 3: Cells as Building Blocks
 All living organisms are made of cells – they are the
building blocks of life. Cells cannot be seen except
under a microscope. This is why it took so long to
discover them. Some organisms are made of only one
cell; most are made of millions of cells working
together.
 Amoeba is a single-celled
organism
Lesson 3: Common Structures in Animal and
Plant Cells
 All plant cells and animal cells have three main structures –
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the nucleus, the cytoplasm and the cell membrane.
DNA is inside the nucleus controls reactions and is
responsible for cell reproduction
Cytoplasm makes up most of the cell and is where chemical
reactions happen
Small structures inside the cytoplasm called organelles help
keep the organism alive
Cell membrane surrounds the cell and controls what can get
inside (water, oxygen, glucose) and outside the cell (carbon
dioxide)
Special organelles called mitochondria convert glucose and
oxygen into a form of energy that the cell can use.
Lesson 3: Structures in Animal and Plant Cells
Lesson 3: Differences between Animal and Plant
Cells
 Plant cells also contain: cell wall, vacuole,
chloroplasts
 The cell wall is an extra protective layer outside the
cell membrane. It gives the cell shape and strength.
 The vacuole is a large bubble full of liquid. It
provides internal pressure for the cell, keeping it firm
and in shape.
 Leaf cells also contain small, round, green organelles
called chloroplasts. These contain a green pigment
called chlorophyll, which absorbs energy from the
Sun and helps the plant make glucose.
Lesson 3: Structures in Plant Cells
Lesson 3: Key Vocabulary and Notes
 Key Vocabulary: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane,
mitochondria, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast
 Key Notes:
 Animal cells and plant cells contain : nucleus,
cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondrion, vacuole
 Plant cells: also contain, cell wall, chloroplast
 Chlorophyll allow for plants to make glucose, using
energy from sunlight
Lesson 3: Questions and Answers
1. Is a cell living?
Ans. Yes!
2. Which two parts of the cell are found inside the cytoplasm?
Ans. Nucleus, Mitichondria
3. What main substances are allowed through the cell
membrane?
Ans. Oxygen, glucose, water, carbon dioxide, urea
4. Which two structures give a plant cell its shape?
Ans. Cell wall, vacuole
5. Which cell do you think will be larger – a plant cell or an
animal cell? Explain your answer.
Ans. Plant cell; it has more structures