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Transcript
Chapter 2 - Cells Study Guide Key Concepts: All living things are made of cells Cells are the smallest units that can carry out the activities of life All cells must obtain energy, remove waste products, and reproduce in order to stay alive The development of the microscope helped create the cell theory. Know the function of each organelle: lysosomes, vacuole, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (use sheet that we filled out together) Water travels across a cell membrane during the process of osmosis Know how plant cells and animal cells are different In diffusion particles move to areas of lower concentration Small cells can function more efficiently than a large cell because materials can move quickly through a small cell The cell’s cytoplasm is made up mostly of water Know the sequence that takes place during mitosis: 1) DNA is copied, 2) Pairs of chromosomes line up and move away from each other, 3) A new membrane forms around each nucleus, 4) The cytoplasm divides The plant cells shape is boxy and the animal cell is circular The difference between vacuoles in plant cells and animal cells are that plants have 1 large vacuole and animals cell have many small vacuoles Schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells. Robert Hooke discovered that cells exist DNA stores information about how an organism will grow and develop Mitosis begins in the nucleus and is completed when a new membrane forms around each nucleus