Download plant cells

Biology
CELL

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The basic unit of
structure and function
in living organisms.
Extremely small
can be seen properly
only when magnified
and viewed through
microscope.
CELL

Your body has about
50 billion cells; some
microscopic organisms
only have one cell, e.g.
amoeba.
The structure of a typical plant cell
cytoplasm
vacuole
Non-living
granules
nucleus
chloroplast
cell
membrane
cell wall
Cell Wall



Found in plant cells only.
Made of cellulose fibre.
Freely permeable.
Functions :
a/ To protect and support the enclosed protoplasm.
b/ To resist the entry of excess water into the cell.
Cell membrane / Plasma membrane




All cells are surrounded by cell membrane.
It is very thin.
It is selectively permeable.
Function:
To control the passage of materials in and out of
the cell.
Cytoplasm



A clear, jelly like substance enclosed by the cell
membrane.
It consists of an aqueous solution with proteins.
Function:
a/ A medium for chemical reactions to take place.
b/ To hold the organelles and granules.
Organelles
Chloroplasts


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Present in green plant
cells
Contains the green
pigment chlorophyll
Function:
The site of
photosynthesis.
Organelles
Mitochondria





Present in all living cells.
Appear as rod-shaped or
cylindrical organelles.
Cellular respiration takes
place there and food is
oxidized to release energy.
Also known as the ‘Power
House’.
Function:
Site of respiration.
Granules


Crystals of insoluble
waste.
Starch granules in the
cytoplasm as food
reserve in plant cells.
Vacuole



Fluid-filled cavities
bounded by a membrane
called tonoplast.
Contains a solution of
sugars, protein and mineral
salts called cell sap.
The vacuoles of animal
cells are usually very small.
vacuole
Nucleus


Contains genes (carry
the genetic information).
Genes are made up of
DNA and they are
located on the
chromatin/chromosomes.
Nucleus

Function:
a/ controls the activities
of the cell.
b/ transmits genetic
information to the
next generation.
Basic structure of animal cell
mitochondrion
nucleus
nucleolus
nuclear
membrane
cytoplasm
vacuole
cell membrane
Animal Cells

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Animal cells do not have
cell wall and chloroplast.
The vacuole in animal cells
are usually small.
Non-living granules are
usually glycogen or oil
droplets.
There is a greater variety of
animal cells than the plant
cells.
Similarities between animal and
plant cells
Both have:
nucleus
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
chloroplast
cell wall
cell membrane
Differences in Animal and
Plant Cells
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
With cell wall
Without cell wall
With chloroplast
Without chloroplast
Large vacuole at the
Vacuoles are small or
central
absent
Starch granules as food Glycogen granules as
reserve
food reserve
Usually larger in size and Usually smaller in size
regular in shape
and irregular in shape
Nucleus found just
Nucleus found in the
beneath the cell wall
center of the cell
Can you distinguish
plant cells and animal cells from
the following pictures?
Plant cells
Animal cells
Can you distinguish
plant cells and animal cells from
the following pictures?
Animal cells
Plant cells
WEB SITES
http://library.thinkquest.org/3564/
http://www.kapili.com/biology4kids/cell
http://personal.tmlp.com/Jimr57/tour/cell/