Download HW CH 5 PSY 2513 Submit your answers on canvas

HW CH 5 PSY 2513
Submit your answers on canvas for course credit.
You will get 3 attempts, the highest grade will be kept.
1.
Neurons
a.
store and transmit information.
b.
are tightly packed together.
c.
do not directly connect with each other.
d.
that are stimulated too soon lose their synapses.
2.
When Samer was born, stimulation in his brain resulted in a massive overabundance of synapses. Neurons
that were seldom stimulated soon lost their synapses. This process is known as
a.
myelination.
b.
synaptic pruning.
c.
neuroimaging.
d.
neurotransmission.
3.
__________ improves the efficiency of message transfer.
a.
Stimulation
b.
Synaptic pruning
c.
Tomography
d.
Myelination
4.
Which of the following statements about brain development is true?
a.
At birth, the brain is nearly 70 percent of its adult weight.
b.
By age 2, the brain is approximately 50 percent of its adult weight.
c.
Brain growth is especially rapid in the first year, when the brain more than doubles in size.
d.
Brain development is complete by the end of the first year.
5.
The cerebral cortex
a.
contains the greatest number of neurons and synapses in the brain.
b.
is the first part of the brain to stop growing.
c.
is less sensitive to environmental influences than other parts of the brain.
d.
fully develops during the third trimester of pregnancy.
6.
The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are the __________ lobes.
a.
occipital
b.
frontal
c.
temporal
d.
parietal
7.
In a highly plastic cerebral cortex,
a.
the areas of the brain are strongly committed to specific functions, and there is a high capacity for
learning.
b.
if a part of the cortex is damaged, other parts can take over the tasks it would have handled.
c.
spatial skills develop more rapidly than language skills and are easier to recover after injury.
d.
the right and left hemispheres of the brain have become strongly lateralized.
8.
Experience-dependent brain growth
a.
takes place through naturally occurring interactions with caregivers.
b.
provides a foundation for later-occurring, experience-expectant development.
c.
depends on ordinary experiences, such as moving about and exploring the environment.
d.
relies on specific learning experiences that vary widely across individuals and cultures.
9.
Experience-expectant brain growth
a.
is a result of specific learning experiences that vary widely across cultures.
b.
usually occurs later than experience-dependent brain growth.
c.
occurs naturally, as caregivers engage babies in enjoyable daily routines.
d.
provides mastery of skills that depend on extensive training.
10.
Classical conditioning
a.
helps infants anticipate what is about to happen next.
b.
disappears once reflexive behaviors become voluntary.
c.
plays a vital role in the formation of social relationships.
d.
emerges only after newborn reflexes have begun to wane.
11.
Baby Paul's mother strokes his hair just before he eats. Now when Paul's mother strokes his hair, Paul begins
to suck. The stroking is the __________, and the taste of milk is the __________.
a.
conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus
b.
unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
c.
neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
d.
neutral stimulus; conditioned response
12.
Prya has classically conditioned young Raj to suck when Prya touches Raj's stomach during feeding. If Prya
repeatedly touches Raj's stomach without feeding him, Raj will
a.
gradually stop sucking in response to having his stomach touched.
b.
learn to suck without having his stomach touched.
c.
stop eating until Prim touches his stomach and feeds him again.
d.
increase his level of sucking in response to having his stomach touched.
13.
Young infants can be classically conditioned most easily when
a.
a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
b.
the conditioned response is fear.
c.
the association between two stimuli has survival value.
d.
a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned response.
14.
In operant conditioning, a(n) __________ increases the occurrence of a response.
a.
neutral stimulus
b.
conditioned stimulus
c.
reinforcer
d.
unconditioned stimulus
15.
Baby Calinda sucks on a bottle. The taste of the sweet liquid increases Calinda's sucking. This is an example
of
a.
operant conditioning.
b.
habituation.
c.
classical conditioning.
d.
extinction.
16.
__________ fire identically when a primate hears or sees an action and when it carries out that action on its
own.
a.
Imitation neurons
b.
Glial cells
c.
Mirror neurons
d.
Neurotransmitters
17.
Dynamic systems theory shows us why motor development
a.
is generally slower in females than males.
b.
is hardwired into the nervous system.
c.
always follows the cephalocaudal trend.
d.
cannot be genetically determined.
18.
Lana understands that an object's shape is the same whether she sees it or touches it, that the pattern of
footsteps signals the approach of a person, and that breaking a glass causes a sharp, crashing sound. This
understanding is called
a.
amodal stability.
b.
differentiation.
c.
intermodal perception.
d.
intersensory acuity.
19.
Research reveals that babies perceive input from different sensory systems in a unified way by detecting
a.
amodal sensory properties.
b.
invariant features of the environment.
c.
affordances.
d.
pictorial depth cues.
20.
Eleanor and James Gibson describe their theory as __________ because over time a baby detects finer and
finer invariant features among stimuli.
a.
differentiation
b.
discontinuous
c.
dynamic
d.
bidirectional