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Lecture 3 - Learning to make your brain happy Pavlov and salivating dogs. The basic Classical Conditioning paradigm unconditioned stimulus (US) unconditioned response (UR) conditioned response (CR) conditioned stimulus (CS) Is the a conscious association? There are constraints on the formation of these associations: 1. You have to notice the CS -> US relationship (e.g. Overshadowing) 2. The CS must predict the US: Contingency is important Extinction 3. All associations are not equivalent: (e.g. Taste Aversion) Preparedness (revisited) 4. Timing is critical The Operant Conditioning paradigm Remember the Law of Effect Superstitious behavior Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement (is not the same as punishment) Skinner and schedules of reinforcement Fixed ratio Fixed interval Variable ratio Variable interval (If I skip this, be sure to get it from the book!) Behaviorism (what is it?) "I believe that we can write a Psychology; define it as...the science of behavior... and never go back upon our definition: never use the terms consciousness, mental states, mind, content, introspectively verifiable, imagery, and the like... It can be done in terms of habit formation, habit integration, and the like." {Watson Psych Rev., 1913, 20, 158-77} Behaviorism swept away the introspectionist schools of American psychology (Structuralism and Functionalism) Why? Why aren’t we all behaviorists today? What is the status of this sort of learning today? page 1