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PSYCHOLOGY – Learning
MR. COLLISHAW
NOTES/STUDY GUIDE – LEARNING
DIRECTIONS: Use your textbook, class discussion, and any other available resource(s) to complete the following
questions.
1. How is Learning defined?
2. Define classical conditioning. Who discovered classical conditioning?
3. Define the following
a. Neutral stimulus
b. Unconditioned stimulus
c. Unconditioned response
d. Conditioned stimulus
e. Conditioned response
4. How does generalization occur?
5. What is discrimination?
6. What is extinction?
7. What was the purpose of the Little Albert experiment?
8. How is a taste aversion related to classical conditioning?
9. Define operant conditioning. Which psychologist is most closely related to operant
conditioning?
10. What is the purpose of reinforcement?
11. How are primary and secondary reinforcers different?
12. When it comes to schedules of reinforcement, how are ratio and interval schedules different?
13. Describe and/or give an example of each of the following
a. Fixed-ratio schedule
b. Variable-ratio schedule
c. Fixed-interval schedule
d. Variable-interval schedule
14. How can shaping and chaining be applied to teach a new behavior?
15. How do punishment and negative reinforcement differ?
16. What is social learning? What are the two types of social learning?
17. What is a cognitive map?
18. What is modeling? How did Albert Bandura demonstrate observational learning?
19. Briefly describe a token economy