Download Chapter 6 Lecture Outline Classical Conditioning

Chapter 6 Lecture Outline
Classical Conditioning
- terminology & class demo
- unconditioned stimulus (US)
- conditioned stimulus (CS)
- neutral stimulus (NS)
- unconditioned response (UR)
- conditioned response (CR)
Applications of CC:
(1) Little Albert
(2) enuresis
(3) sheep ranchers and coyotes (an example of a conditioned taste aversion)
(4) conditioning and emotions
CC quiz
Additional concepts:
- extinction & spontaneous recovery
- stimulus generalization & discrimination
Why does CC occur?
- Pavlov=s view of temporal contiguity
Reasons why contiguity can=t be the whole answer:
(1) backward conditioning should work effectively (it doesn=t work well)
(2) Kamin=s work on blocking argues against it
(3) Rescorla=s work on signal relations argues against it
Conclusions: the predictive contingencies are what are important
Operant Conditioning (voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences)
- how does type of conditioning differ from CC?
How are reinforcement and punishment defined?
Example
- discriminative stimulus (stimuli) - SD
Positive vs. negative reinforcement (Beware! The distinction between these two perplexes many students)
- think like a math teacher (reinforcement by addition vs. reinforcement by subtraction)
- definitions
- chart
- examples
- escape vs. avoidance (two aspects of negative reinforcement)
Other important concepts:
- generalization & discrimination
- extinction
- punishment (compare to negative reinforcement)
Q: When should reinforcement (or punishment) be administered? Why?
Reinforcement & punishment quiz
Using operant conditioning
- shaping and successive approximations
Schedules of reinforcement
- acquisition vs. maintenance of behavior
- fixed ratio (FR), variable ratio (VR), fixed interval (FI), and variable interval (VI) schedules
Observational Learning/Social Learning
- is reinforcement critical for learning to occur?
- what are models?
- Albert Bandura=s research