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Transcript
Name _________________________________ Period __________ Date ________________ Macromolecules 1. Compounds that contain ______________ are called _______________________. 2. ______________________ are large organic molecules. 3. Carbon has how many electrons in its outer energy shell? 4. Carbon can form up to ______ covalent bonds with other atoms (elements) 5. Elements that carbon usually bonds with: _____, _____, _____, or _____. Example: ___________________ 6. Macromolecules are also called ___________________. 7. Made up of smaller “building blocks” called _________________. 8. Examples of macromolecules _______________, _______________, _______________, & _______________. 9. How are macromolecules formed?_____________________ (also called _______________) 10. Polymers are formed when monomers combine by ____________________. 11. How are macromolecules separated or digested? __________________ (separates monomers by ___________________). Carbohydrates 12. What type of atoms are found in carbohydrates? __________, __________ & __________. What is the ratio for these atoms? _____:_____:_____ 13. The three categories of carbohydrate are: _________________________, __________________________ & ____________________ 14. What is a monosaccharide? (examples?) 15. What are disaccharides? _______________________ a. Sucrose (_____________________________) b. Lactose (_____________________________) c. Maltose (_____________________________) 16. Polysaccharide contain ________________ sugar units a. ______________ (bread, potatoes) b. glycogen (__________________________) c. cellulose (__________________________) which cannot be digested by humans. Lipids 17. General term for compounds which are not _____________________in water. 18. Remember: lipids store the MOST _________________________. 19. What are lipids made of? Describe the ratio of those atoms. 20. A ___________________________ is the monomer of a lipid. It is made of one ________________ and three ________________________________. 21. Examples: a. b. c. d. e. Fats Phospholipids Oils Waxes Steroid hormones 22. Six functions of lipids: a. b. c. d. e. f. __________________ energy storage Protection against heat loss ____________________ Protection against physical shock Protection against ___________________ Chemical messengers _________________ Major component of_________________________ (phospholipids) 23. There are ________________________you may see these on food labels: a. ________________________: no double bonds (bad) b. ________________________: double bonds (good) Proteins 24. The MONOMERS of proteins are _________________________________. 25. There are _______________ different amino acids used to form proteins by peptide bonds. 26. Six functions of proteins: a. b. c. d. e. f. ______________: Transport: Regulatory: ______________: Structural: ______________: albumin (egg white) _______________________ hormones muscles membranes, hair, nails cellular reactions Nucleic Acids 27. The MONOMER of a nucleic acid is a ___________________________. 28. Parts of a nucleotides include: 29. There are two types of nucleic acid: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (____________________________) b. Ribonucleic acid (_________________________________) 30. Compare DNA to RNA: