7.013 Spring 2005 Problem Set 1Solutions
... receptors in the cell membrane. Upon dimerization, the intracellular domains of the receptors become activated. See schematic below. ...
... receptors in the cell membrane. Upon dimerization, the intracellular domains of the receptors become activated. See schematic below. ...
Solutions to 7.014 Problem Set 1
... dimensional shape in isolation, when more than one polypeptide interact, the 3 dimensional shape can change. v) Is the quaternary structure of the 50 kD protein the same or different than the quaternary structure of the 250 kD protein? Explain breifly. The 50 kD protein, as a single polypeptide does ...
... dimensional shape in isolation, when more than one polypeptide interact, the 3 dimensional shape can change. v) Is the quaternary structure of the 50 kD protein the same or different than the quaternary structure of the 250 kD protein? Explain breifly. The 50 kD protein, as a single polypeptide does ...
Repair of larynx, trachea, and other fibrocartilaginous tissues
... activity. The unglycosylated protein, Which also has osteo genic activity, has an apparent molecular Weight of about 27kD. When reduced, the 27kD protein gives rise to tWo unglycosylated polypeptides, each having a molecular Weight of about 14kD to about 16kD. Typically, naturally occurring osteogen ...
... activity. The unglycosylated protein, Which also has osteo genic activity, has an apparent molecular Weight of about 27kD. When reduced, the 27kD protein gives rise to tWo unglycosylated polypeptides, each having a molecular Weight of about 14kD to about 16kD. Typically, naturally occurring osteogen ...
glucagon superfamily peptides exhibiting nuclear hormone
... Nuclear hormone receptor proteins form a class of ligand activated proteins that, when ...
... Nuclear hormone receptor proteins form a class of ligand activated proteins that, when ...
Understanding The Function And Regulation Of Eukaryotic Release
... prokaryotic RFs recognize each stop codon through a tripeptide “anticodon” located in domain 2 of each RF. The PxT and SPF motifs were thought to directly interact with the codon of the mRNA [17,20]. However, through recent crystallographic studies of RFs bound to the 70S ribosome, it was found that ...
... prokaryotic RFs recognize each stop codon through a tripeptide “anticodon” located in domain 2 of each RF. The PxT and SPF motifs were thought to directly interact with the codon of the mRNA [17,20]. However, through recent crystallographic studies of RFs bound to the 70S ribosome, it was found that ...
Identification and Cloning of a Cryptococcal Deacetylase That
... Therefore, thè Identification of cryptococcal antigens capable of producing T-cell-mediated responses, sudi as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, may be useful in thè development of immune-based strategies to contro! cryptococcosis. In order to characterize DTH-producing antigens, cultur ...
... Therefore, thè Identification of cryptococcal antigens capable of producing T-cell-mediated responses, sudi as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, may be useful in thè development of immune-based strategies to contro! cryptococcosis. In order to characterize DTH-producing antigens, cultur ...
PDF - Retrovirology
... a well-ordered substrate receptor by facilitating local folding of the N-terminal Vif region [4, 5, 9–11]. Several reports have established that HIV-1 Vif interacts with CBFβ and have shown that CBFβ depletion hampers virus replication in cells expressing A3 proteins primarily by interfering with Vi ...
... a well-ordered substrate receptor by facilitating local folding of the N-terminal Vif region [4, 5, 9–11]. Several reports have established that HIV-1 Vif interacts with CBFβ and have shown that CBFβ depletion hampers virus replication in cells expressing A3 proteins primarily by interfering with Vi ...
Identification of Modified Amino Acids by Edman Sequencing
... 18 ABI 49X-HT (1-10 years old: avg age of 7 yrs) 7 ABI 49X-cLC (5-10 years old: avg age of 6.7 yrs) ...
... 18 ABI 49X-HT (1-10 years old: avg age of 7 yrs) 7 ABI 49X-cLC (5-10 years old: avg age of 6.7 yrs) ...
Evidence for Several Cysteine Transport Mechanisms in the
... mitochondria in the presence of two external concentrations of [35S]cysteine, namely 10 and 150 mM, over 3 min at 25 C was examined (Fig. 2A, B). The uptake of 10 and 150 mM radiolabeled cysteine was very rapid at a rate of 8.2 and 59.2 pmol mg 1 protein s 1, respectively, in the first 30 s (assumi ...
... mitochondria in the presence of two external concentrations of [35S]cysteine, namely 10 and 150 mM, over 3 min at 25 C was examined (Fig. 2A, B). The uptake of 10 and 150 mM radiolabeled cysteine was very rapid at a rate of 8.2 and 59.2 pmol mg 1 protein s 1, respectively, in the first 30 s (assumi ...
Regulation of mitochondrial calcium in plants versus animals
... intermolecular disulphide bond and closes the channel at low extramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations (Patron et al., 2014; Petrungaro et al., 2015). The stability of MICU2 depends on MICU1 (Plovanich et al., 2013; Patron et al., 2014), and loss of MICU2 in MICU1-silenced cells complicates assignment ...
... intermolecular disulphide bond and closes the channel at low extramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations (Patron et al., 2014; Petrungaro et al., 2015). The stability of MICU2 depends on MICU1 (Plovanich et al., 2013; Patron et al., 2014), and loss of MICU2 in MICU1-silenced cells complicates assignment ...
University of Groningen Polymerization of the bacterial cell division
... molecular biological level. For the Gramnegative model organism Escherichia coli, numerous cell division genes were identified in E. coli temperature sensitive mutants cells that did not divide properly, and hence were called fts genes, for filamentation temperature sensitive. Currently, all identif ...
... molecular biological level. For the Gramnegative model organism Escherichia coli, numerous cell division genes were identified in E. coli temperature sensitive mutants cells that did not divide properly, and hence were called fts genes, for filamentation temperature sensitive. Currently, all identif ...
Structure and Function of Thymosin β4
... An Intact N-terminal α-Helix is Required for Complete Thymosin β4 Activity5 To determine whether or not the N-terminus in thymosin β4 binds to actin, circular dichroism (CD) measurements were taken.5 These measurements were carried out in both water, and with 60% trifluoroethanol (TFE). It has been ...
... An Intact N-terminal α-Helix is Required for Complete Thymosin β4 Activity5 To determine whether or not the N-terminus in thymosin β4 binds to actin, circular dichroism (CD) measurements were taken.5 These measurements were carried out in both water, and with 60% trifluoroethanol (TFE). It has been ...
Food Biochemistry and Food Processing (2
... For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal ...
... For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal ...
Posttranslational Modification of MDM2
... however, although physiological phosphorylation of ser-17 has yet to be confirmed, the phosphorylation site itself has been reported to have a significant impact on the ability of MDM2 to regulate the p53 response. For example, ELISA analysis has shown that phosphorylation of MDM2-ser17 can block th ...
... however, although physiological phosphorylation of ser-17 has yet to be confirmed, the phosphorylation site itself has been reported to have a significant impact on the ability of MDM2 to regulate the p53 response. For example, ELISA analysis has shown that phosphorylation of MDM2-ser17 can block th ...
Axonal of Kinesin in the Chain Isoforms
... hexokinase. These results suggest that KHC-A is enriched on small tubulovesicular structures like synaptic vesicles and that at least one form of KHC-B is predominantly on mitochondria. Biochemical specialization may target kinesins to appropriate organelles and facilitate differential regulation of ...
... hexokinase. These results suggest that KHC-A is enriched on small tubulovesicular structures like synaptic vesicles and that at least one form of KHC-B is predominantly on mitochondria. Biochemical specialization may target kinesins to appropriate organelles and facilitate differential regulation of ...
Food/feed and environmental risk assessment of insect
... known ORFs in the parental maize events, and none of the newly expressed proteins show resemblance to any known toxins or IgE allergens. None of the proteins have been reported to cause IgE mediated allergic reactions. Some studies have, however, indicated a potential role of Cry-proteins as adjuvan ...
... known ORFs in the parental maize events, and none of the newly expressed proteins show resemblance to any known toxins or IgE allergens. None of the proteins have been reported to cause IgE mediated allergic reactions. Some studies have, however, indicated a potential role of Cry-proteins as adjuvan ...
Purification and Characterization of Chorismate
... all organisms studied so far, are unique for E. gracilis. Anthranilate synthase, the first enzyme in the tryptophan branch (Fig. 1), is monomeric in Euglena, whereas in all other anthranilate synthases characterized so far the chorismate and glutamine binding sites reside on distinct polypeptide cha ...
... all organisms studied so far, are unique for E. gracilis. Anthranilate synthase, the first enzyme in the tryptophan branch (Fig. 1), is monomeric in Euglena, whereas in all other anthranilate synthases characterized so far the chorismate and glutamine binding sites reside on distinct polypeptide cha ...
Systems Biotechnology of Pseudomonas putida for the enhanced
... Oil-based plastic production processes have given rise to several environmental problems and energy availability. Over the past 30 years, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have become one of the main sustainable alternatives to replace petroleum-base commodities. These biopolymers have superior features t ...
... Oil-based plastic production processes have given rise to several environmental problems and energy availability. Over the past 30 years, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have become one of the main sustainable alternatives to replace petroleum-base commodities. These biopolymers have superior features t ...
npr review - Olivamine
... which it is bound. For example, the phenyl rings of curcumin can participate in p–p van der Waals interactions with aromatic amino acid side chains. Within curcumin’s generally hydrophobic structure, the phenolic and carbonyl functional groups, which are located on the ends and in the center of the ...
... which it is bound. For example, the phenyl rings of curcumin can participate in p–p van der Waals interactions with aromatic amino acid side chains. Within curcumin’s generally hydrophobic structure, the phenolic and carbonyl functional groups, which are located on the ends and in the center of the ...
two types of titin interactions lead to an asymmetrical sorting of actinin
... ~30 nm, suggesting that their α-actinin-binding sites overlap in an antiparallel fashion. The combination of our biochemical and ultrastructural data now allows a molecular model of the sarcomeric Z-disk, where overlapping titin filaments and their interactions with the α-actinin rod and C-terminal ...
... ~30 nm, suggesting that their α-actinin-binding sites overlap in an antiparallel fashion. The combination of our biochemical and ultrastructural data now allows a molecular model of the sarcomeric Z-disk, where overlapping titin filaments and their interactions with the α-actinin rod and C-terminal ...
Eram_SeyedMohammad - UWSpace
... neapolitana, and P. furiosus) had the highest AHAS activity at nearly neutral pH, but the ones without ilv operon still had some residual AHAS activity mostly at a higher pH value (pH 10.5). It was shown that the cell-free extracts of T. maritima can catalyze the non-oxidative decarboxylation of the ...
... neapolitana, and P. furiosus) had the highest AHAS activity at nearly neutral pH, but the ones without ilv operon still had some residual AHAS activity mostly at a higher pH value (pH 10.5). It was shown that the cell-free extracts of T. maritima can catalyze the non-oxidative decarboxylation of the ...
Methods and strategies of peptide ligation
... CT-COOH), the functional group can be placed either at the side chain or at the ␣-amine (or as an ester). A common combination for an NT-amine-nucleophile is to place the nucleophile at the side chain of an NT-amino acid. This spatial configuration is found in many naturally occurring amino acids. E ...
... CT-COOH), the functional group can be placed either at the side chain or at the ␣-amine (or as an ester). A common combination for an NT-amine-nucleophile is to place the nucleophile at the side chain of an NT-amino acid. This spatial configuration is found in many naturally occurring amino acids. E ...
Affinity Precipitation of a Monoclonal Antibody ELP-Z Stimuli Responsive Biopolymer
... by centrifugation for 30 min at 4,000g to recover the ELP-ZmAb precipitates. The supernatants after centrifugation were collected and analyzed using analytical Protein A chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) (discussed below) for the presence of leftover mAb and ELP-Z, respe ...
... by centrifugation for 30 min at 4,000g to recover the ELP-ZmAb precipitates. The supernatants after centrifugation were collected and analyzed using analytical Protein A chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) (discussed below) for the presence of leftover mAb and ELP-Z, respe ...
Protein
Proteins (/ˈproʊˌtiːnz/ or /ˈproʊti.ɨnz/) are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than about 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by posttranslational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Sometimes proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes.Once formed, proteins only exist for a certain period of time and are then degraded and recycled by the cell's machinery through the process of protein turnover. A protein's lifespan is measured in terms of its half-life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an average lifespan of 1–2 days in mammalian cells. Abnormal and or misfolded proteins are degraded more rapidly either due to being targeted for destruction or due to being unstable.Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism.Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.