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Name
Date of Your Quarterly
Biology CP 2015
Marking Period 1 Quarterly Exam Review Sheet
This review sheet is to be used as a guide to help you focus your studies for the MP1 Quarterly examination.
Note: This review sheet is not intended to be all-inclusive.
Characteristics of Living Things

Organism = general term for a living thing
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Definition of a cell

Contrast living and nonliving things

Features of Life (as discussed in class / listed in textbook / viewed in lab) – what it means to be ‘alive’ –
you don’t need to be able to list them, but you should be able to identify and explain with examples

Growth vs. Development – be able to define and explain with examples

Define metabolism & homeostasis
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Asexual vs. sexual reproduction
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Unicellular vs. multicellular (and examples of each)
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Autotrophic vs. heterotrophic (and examples of each)
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Importance of DNA as the genetic material of the cell
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Adaptation & evolution
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Distinguish between stimulus & response; identify examples of each
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Taxonomy (DKPCOFGS) – be able to identify an organism’s scientific name; be able to tell whether
organisms are closely related or not, by looking at their classification categories

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
o basic definition/equation of each process
o be familiar with how the two reactions are interdependent
o what types of organisms do each process
o importance of ATP produced by cellular respiration
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Basic Chemistry

Definition of atom, molecule, element, compound

Properties of Water (especially its partial charges & ability to hydrogen bond)
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Basic Atomic Structure
o Compare/contrast proton, neutron, electron
o Why atoms in their elemental state are neutral
o Draw diagram of an atom showing numbers and locations of subatomic particles and energy
levels
o Be able to identify the parts of an atom, their charges, and their locations.
o Be able to draw and/or interpret Lewis dot diagrams and/or Bohr models for atoms

Periodic Table
o Atomic Mass (mass number) vs. Atomic Number
o How to determine the valence of an atom
o Be able to determine # of bonds an atom can form
o Given its atomic number, determine the number of electrons, and covalent bonds an atom will
form

Reactivity & Bonding
o What determines the reactivity of an atom? What is the importance of Valence Electrons?

Why are some atoms “stable” and “nonreactive” while others are “unstable” and
“reactive”?
o Know how covalent & ionic bonds are formed
o How do atoms become positive or negative ions?
o What determines if atoms will combine?
o # of bonds needed for C, H, O & N (the four most common elements of living things) to become
stable (HONC 1234)

Chemical Formulas, Equations, Reactions
o Know that in a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactant(s) are broken, atoms are rearranged, and
new bonds are formed in the product(s)
o Molecule vs. compound
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o Coefficients, subscripts, arrow, reactant vs. products

Given a chemical formula with a coefficient and subscripts, determine the number of
atoms or molecules
o Understanding chemical equations, what all the symbols and numbers mean and which
substances are the reactants and products. Example: photosynthesis and cellular respiration
o Determine if an equation is balanced: Law of Conservation of Matter
o Identify the number of atoms of each element found in a formula
o Be able to draw and/or interpret a structural formula for a molecule
Basic Biochemistry

Four most common elements in living things (CHON)

Phosphorus and sulfur are also found in some important biological molecules (CHONPS)
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Importance of water in dehydration synthesis & hydrolysis
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Organic vs. Inorganic – be able to identify examples

Be able to recognize structures/formulas of monomers, dimers and polymers of carbs, proteins and
nucleic acids
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Which elements are found in each category of organic compounds?
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Identify examples of food sources for each category of organic compounds
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Be able to interpret ‘Nutrition Facts’ labels (from prepared foods)

Hydrolysis vs. (dehydration) synthesis:
o Definition--Reactants and products of each process for carbohydrates, lipids and proteins and
nucleic acids.
o Which one builds polymers from monomers and which one breaks down polymers into
monomers
o Which one has water as a reactant; which one has water as a product
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
Carbohydrates:
o simple sugars or monosaccharides vs. disaccharides vs. polysaccharides
o glucose units are used to form starch, glycogen and cellulose polysaccharides
o function as energy molecules: glucose, glycogen, and starch
o function as structural molecules: cellulose
o importance as short-term energy storage
o Why do plants make glucose? (What can they use it for?)
o What is “carbo-loading” AND why do athletes do this?

Lipids:
o Distinguish between structural formulas of unsaturated/saturated triglycerides
o Saturated vs. unsaturated: which are ‘heart healthier”? Fats (animals) vs. oils (plants)
o Different functions of lipids:


function as long-term energy storage molecules
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function as structural molecules-in cell membranes (phospholipids and cholesterol)
Nucleic acids:
o nucleotides, subunits of nucleotides
o Store genetic information
o Central dogma of molecular biology: DNARNAproteinstraits
o function as energy molecules-ATP (composed of only one nucleotide)

Proteins:
o amino acid structure, dipeptides, peptide bonds, peptides vs. proteins
o “Form leads to function”
o describe the general differences between various proteins and amino acids
o a very wide variety of proteins exist (for both structure & function in cells)
o examples of proteins (ie, enzymes)
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Type of
Organic
Compound
Building blocks
General
Functions
Examples
Elements
Good
Food
Sources
Monomers:
Carbohydrates
Basic monomer:
_________________
Polymers:
Lipids
Typical structure of
fats/oils:
_________________
Monomers:
Proteins
Basic monomer:
_________________
Polymers:
Monomers:
Nucleic Acids
Basic monomer
Polymers:
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