Test #2
... • The following pictures have their numbers—but the level of section is not indicated. • Some of the items requested may not be on any of the accompanying diagrams. • You may not need to utilize all of the diagrams. • 2 points will be awarded for each and every structure labeled properly on the foll ...
... • The following pictures have their numbers—but the level of section is not indicated. • Some of the items requested may not be on any of the accompanying diagrams. • You may not need to utilize all of the diagrams. • 2 points will be awarded for each and every structure labeled properly on the foll ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... brain, just ~30,000 dopamine neurons reside in these nuclei (Zaborszky and Vadasz, 2001). As with other monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain such as serotonin and noradrenaline, this small population of midbrain dopamine neurons exerts its influence over much of the brain as a neuromodulator. Ho ...
... brain, just ~30,000 dopamine neurons reside in these nuclei (Zaborszky and Vadasz, 2001). As with other monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain such as serotonin and noradrenaline, this small population of midbrain dopamine neurons exerts its influence over much of the brain as a neuromodulator. Ho ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... local field potential (LFP). The LFP reflects the summed transmembrane currents of neurons within few hundred micrometers of tissue. Since synchronized currents sum up much more efficiently than unsynchronized currents, the LFP reflects primarily synchronized synaptic activity. Changes in LFP power ...
... local field potential (LFP). The LFP reflects the summed transmembrane currents of neurons within few hundred micrometers of tissue. Since synchronized currents sum up much more efficiently than unsynchronized currents, the LFP reflects primarily synchronized synaptic activity. Changes in LFP power ...
Taste, olfactory, and food reward value processing
... mind that sometimes feeding can become an overlearned habit, and that then the brain systems likely to be engaged are likely to include the striatum and rest of the basal ganglia (see Fig. 1). The distinction between these two types of processing is that when humans operate from habit, they may less ...
... mind that sometimes feeding can become an overlearned habit, and that then the brain systems likely to be engaged are likely to include the striatum and rest of the basal ganglia (see Fig. 1). The distinction between these two types of processing is that when humans operate from habit, they may less ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... values; OXT and AVP mRNA levels reduced to approximately 10~20% of basal levels [44]. These findings indicate that short in vitro and chronic in vivo hypoosmotic stimuli are inhibitory for AVP neuronal activity and AVP secretion. On the other hand, prolonged in vitro hypoosmotic stimulation in a rat ...
... values; OXT and AVP mRNA levels reduced to approximately 10~20% of basal levels [44]. These findings indicate that short in vitro and chronic in vivo hypoosmotic stimuli are inhibitory for AVP neuronal activity and AVP secretion. On the other hand, prolonged in vitro hypoosmotic stimulation in a rat ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... Reward-related learning is an essential adaptive function for survival in which organisms acquire behaviors that place them in contact with stimuli that function as primary rewards (unconditioned stimuli, USs; e.g., food, water), which consequently elicit approach behaviors and reinforce these behav ...
... Reward-related learning is an essential adaptive function for survival in which organisms acquire behaviors that place them in contact with stimuli that function as primary rewards (unconditioned stimuli, USs; e.g., food, water), which consequently elicit approach behaviors and reinforce these behav ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... kisspeptin (AC566 antisera) peroxidase/diaminobenzidine immunocytochemistry. Each of these staining procedures has been reported in detail previously (Herbison et al., 2008; Clarkson et al., 2009b). Brains were cut in the horizontal plane at 40 m thickness using the same 18° angle cut. ...
... kisspeptin (AC566 antisera) peroxidase/diaminobenzidine immunocytochemistry. Each of these staining procedures has been reported in detail previously (Herbison et al., 2008; Clarkson et al., 2009b). Brains were cut in the horizontal plane at 40 m thickness using the same 18° angle cut. ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... influence the PFC circuit, with important implications for how this circuit participates in the regulation of emotion. Key words: basolateral amygdala; inhibition; interneuron; prefrontal cortex; projection neuron; synapse ...
... influence the PFC circuit, with important implications for how this circuit participates in the regulation of emotion. Key words: basolateral amygdala; inhibition; interneuron; prefrontal cortex; projection neuron; synapse ...
Csercsa Richárd
... Sleep is a condition during which animals are resting and their responses to external sensory stimuli (sounds, touch, smell) and processing of the information these stimuli carry are altered compared to the waking state. Most of these stimuli don’t reach the conscious level, they fade in the neurona ...
... Sleep is a condition during which animals are resting and their responses to external sensory stimuli (sounds, touch, smell) and processing of the information these stimuli carry are altered compared to the waking state. Most of these stimuli don’t reach the conscious level, they fade in the neurona ...
Afferent Fiber Remodeling in the Somatosensory Thalamus of Mice
... the linkage between particular neural circuitry remodeling and the somatotopic reorganization that would ultimately lead to abnormal ectopic sensation remains unclear. This is mainly because the somatotopic information that remodeled axon fibers carry has not been fully identified. The somatosensory ...
... the linkage between particular neural circuitry remodeling and the somatotopic reorganization that would ultimately lead to abnormal ectopic sensation remains unclear. This is mainly because the somatotopic information that remodeled axon fibers carry has not been fully identified. The somatosensory ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
... and in the Interstitial nucleus of Cajal for vertical control. Long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs), also located in the brainstem reticular formation, discharge a high frequency burst of action potentials for saccades into the contralateral hemifield. In addition to the burst, these cells also have a lo ...
... and in the Interstitial nucleus of Cajal for vertical control. Long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs), also located in the brainstem reticular formation, discharge a high frequency burst of action potentials for saccades into the contralateral hemifield. In addition to the burst, these cells also have a lo ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... Generation of Neurons from Wild-Type and Mecp22/y ESCs To study the role of MeCP2 during the earliest stages of neuronal maturation, we used E14 TG2a wild-type (Mecp2þ/y) and Mecp2/y ESCs [4]. Since the success of our neuronal differentiation procedure relies on the uniformity and pluripotency of t ...
... Generation of Neurons from Wild-Type and Mecp22/y ESCs To study the role of MeCP2 during the earliest stages of neuronal maturation, we used E14 TG2a wild-type (Mecp2þ/y) and Mecp2/y ESCs [4]. Since the success of our neuronal differentiation procedure relies on the uniformity and pluripotency of t ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
DEPARTAMENT DE FARMACOLOGIA, DE TERAPÈUTICA I DE TOXICOLOGIA
... 6. CONCLUDING REMARKS .......................................................... 197 ...
... 6. CONCLUDING REMARKS .......................................................... 197 ...
Selective stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson`s
... STN neurons receive major input from the cortex and globus pallidus externus (GPe) and are under influence of the monoaminergic systems: fibers from the SNc, dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the locus coeruleus (LC) make synaptic contact in the STN both pre- and post-synaptically releasing respectivel ...
... STN neurons receive major input from the cortex and globus pallidus externus (GPe) and are under influence of the monoaminergic systems: fibers from the SNc, dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the locus coeruleus (LC) make synaptic contact in the STN both pre- and post-synaptically releasing respectivel ...
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine
... (McFarland et al., 2003; McLaughlin and See, 2003; Sun and Rebec, 2003; Stefanik and Kalivas, 2013; Stefanik et al., 2013); however, recent evidence indicates that only subpopulations of neurons within brain structures drive drug-seeking behaviors (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moor ...
... (McFarland et al., 2003; McLaughlin and See, 2003; Sun and Rebec, 2003; Stefanik and Kalivas, 2013; Stefanik et al., 2013); however, recent evidence indicates that only subpopulations of neurons within brain structures drive drug-seeking behaviors (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moor ...
Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... axonal projection within the FR, from the rHb to the IPN. (b) A single R habenular neuron labeled by focal electroporation and visualized by anti-GFP immunostaining (brown). The image shows the dorsal diencephalon of a dissected brain of a 4 dpf larva. Dotted lines show the borders of the habenulae ...
... axonal projection within the FR, from the rHb to the IPN. (b) A single R habenular neuron labeled by focal electroporation and visualized by anti-GFP immunostaining (brown). The image shows the dorsal diencephalon of a dissected brain of a 4 dpf larva. Dotted lines show the borders of the habenulae ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... from the hypothalamus, originating mainly in the posterior hypothalamus. Differences in the topography of hypothalamic projection neurons were related to both the location and type of the target cortical area. Injections in lateral eulaminate prefrontal areas primarily labeled neurons in the posteri ...
... from the hypothalamus, originating mainly in the posterior hypothalamus. Differences in the topography of hypothalamic projection neurons were related to both the location and type of the target cortical area. Injections in lateral eulaminate prefrontal areas primarily labeled neurons in the posteri ...
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental
... differentially modulate such circuits. Here we show that, because of differences in synaptic connectivity, activation of inputs to the VTA from the laterodorsal tegmentum and the lateral habenula elicit reward and aversion in mice, respectively. Laterodorsal tegmentum neurons preferentially synapse ...
... differentially modulate such circuits. Here we show that, because of differences in synaptic connectivity, activation of inputs to the VTA from the laterodorsal tegmentum and the lateral habenula elicit reward and aversion in mice, respectively. Laterodorsal tegmentum neurons preferentially synapse ...
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway
... Disinhibiting the branches targeted by one pathway can selectively open the gate for this pathway while keeping the gates closed for other pathways (Fig. 2d). When a gate is open, the neuron’s output firing rate transmits the stimulus selectivity of the corresponding input pathway most effectively (F ...
... Disinhibiting the branches targeted by one pathway can selectively open the gate for this pathway while keeping the gates closed for other pathways (Fig. 2d). When a gate is open, the neuron’s output firing rate transmits the stimulus selectivity of the corresponding input pathway most effectively (F ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... (CBRAM) and Metal-Oxide based Memory (OXRAM) can play in dedicated neuromorphic hardware. We focus on the emulation of synaptic plasticity effects such as long-term potentiation (LTP), long term depression (LTD) and spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) with RRAM synapses. We developed novel low- ...
... (CBRAM) and Metal-Oxide based Memory (OXRAM) can play in dedicated neuromorphic hardware. We focus on the emulation of synaptic plasticity effects such as long-term potentiation (LTP), long term depression (LTD) and spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) with RRAM synapses. We developed novel low- ...
Spatial Organization of Facial Vibrissae and Cortical Barrels in the
... by five rows of large barrels in the PMBSF of the somatosensory cortex (Woolsey et al., 1975; Jacquin et al., 1993). For this study, a method was developed to improve both barrel and whisker presentation. This was achieved by flattening and clearing entire mystacial pads and by combining the method ...
... by five rows of large barrels in the PMBSF of the somatosensory cortex (Woolsey et al., 1975; Jacquin et al., 1993). For this study, a method was developed to improve both barrel and whisker presentation. This was achieved by flattening and clearing entire mystacial pads and by combining the method ...
Gentle Mechanical Skin Stimulation Inhibits Micturition Contractions
... (RMCs) emerge because of burst discharges of the pelvic nerve innervating the bladder. Various kinds of noxious somatic stimuli, particularly those applied to the perineal area, consistently produce a decrease in frequency of RMCs in both male and female animals [5–7]. Following somatic stimulation, ...
... (RMCs) emerge because of burst discharges of the pelvic nerve innervating the bladder. Various kinds of noxious somatic stimuli, particularly those applied to the perineal area, consistently produce a decrease in frequency of RMCs in both male and female animals [5–7]. Following somatic stimulation, ...
Increased Mesolimbic GABA Concentration Blocks Heroin Self
... Likewise, intra-NAcc administration of another GABAT inhibitor, AOAA (2 g), also had no effect on heroin SA. AOAA did, however, significantly increase heroin SA when microinjected into the VTA (Fig. 4). To determine whether GVG could also interfere with the acquisition of heroin SA, GVG was adminis ...
... Likewise, intra-NAcc administration of another GABAT inhibitor, AOAA (2 g), also had no effect on heroin SA. AOAA did, however, significantly increase heroin SA when microinjected into the VTA (Fig. 4). To determine whether GVG could also interfere with the acquisition of heroin SA, GVG was adminis ...