Gastric Effects of Cholecystokinin and Its Interaction with Leptin on
... functions, a partition was made at the mid-thoracic level of the preparation. An agar seal separated the recording bath chamber into a brainstem compartment and a gastric compartment. Peptides were applied only to the gastric compartment and their effects on the NTS neuronal activity were evaluated. ...
... functions, a partition was made at the mid-thoracic level of the preparation. An agar seal separated the recording bath chamber into a brainstem compartment and a gastric compartment. Peptides were applied only to the gastric compartment and their effects on the NTS neuronal activity were evaluated. ...
Conditioned Response Evoked by Nicotine Conditioned Stimulus
... condition did not differ from each other, but were significantly higher than CS-alone rats (Tukey HSD tests). Among rats pretreated with saline, only rats in the chamberCS condition differed significantly from CS-alone rats (Tukey HSD tests). Notably, there was no main effect of training condition o ...
... condition did not differ from each other, but were significantly higher than CS-alone rats (Tukey HSD tests). Among rats pretreated with saline, only rats in the chamberCS condition differed significantly from CS-alone rats (Tukey HSD tests). Notably, there was no main effect of training condition o ...
Changes in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Following Delay
... the rate of reinforcement during conditioning. The ACC showed more activity to a CS that was always paired with a UCS than to a different CS that was intermittently paired with a UCS. The authors suggest that this indicated that the ACC plays a role in coding the strength of the CS-UCS contingency. ...
... the rate of reinforcement during conditioning. The ACC showed more activity to a CS that was always paired with a UCS than to a different CS that was intermittently paired with a UCS. The authors suggest that this indicated that the ACC plays a role in coding the strength of the CS-UCS contingency. ...
Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward
... quantified as relative variance, which is 1 at p = 0.5 and is 0 at p = 0 and at p = 1. When analyzing ...
... quantified as relative variance, which is 1 at p = 0.5 and is 0 at p = 0 and at p = 1. When analyzing ...
Spatial cognition, body representation and affective processes
... been revealed. Another neuroimaging study investigated imagined locomotion and the results show an overlap with real locomotion (la Fougère et al., 2010). However, imagined locomotion was associated with early visual activation and this suggests that participants used a visual rather than vestibular ...
... been revealed. Another neuroimaging study investigated imagined locomotion and the results show an overlap with real locomotion (la Fougère et al., 2010). However, imagined locomotion was associated with early visual activation and this suggests that participants used a visual rather than vestibular ...
to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) are redundant, or that some of these factors lack physiologic relevance in vivo (Flier & Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fa ...
... agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) are redundant, or that some of these factors lack physiologic relevance in vivo (Flier & Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fa ...
Serotonin in Affective Control
... and Graeff, 1991; Hoyer et al., 1994; Jacobs and Fornal, 1999; Lucki, 1998; Soubri´e, 1986; Tecott, 2007; Weiger, 1997, together with the reviews that these reference). For reasons of space, we have had to leave to them a wealth of the complexities of serotonin, notably those coming from the multipl ...
... and Graeff, 1991; Hoyer et al., 1994; Jacobs and Fornal, 1999; Lucki, 1998; Soubri´e, 1986; Tecott, 2007; Weiger, 1997, together with the reviews that these reference). For reasons of space, we have had to leave to them a wealth of the complexities of serotonin, notably those coming from the multipl ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... probe was inserted through a hole drilled in the wall of the bony external meatus, opposite the tympanum. The gap around the hole was sealed before calibrations were performed. With this method of calibration, it was not possible to maintain a constant intensity while testing a neuron at different f ...
... probe was inserted through a hole drilled in the wall of the bony external meatus, opposite the tympanum. The gap around the hole was sealed before calibrations were performed. With this method of calibration, it was not possible to maintain a constant intensity while testing a neuron at different f ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... Actions of propofol on medullary neurons ...
... Actions of propofol on medullary neurons ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... route/low route hypothesis was the working model for the identification of neuronal substrates of auditory discrimination. Accumulating evidence has been showing that each one of the pathways alone is sufficient to support auditory fear conditioning. However, according to a recent study, the audito ...
... route/low route hypothesis was the working model for the identification of neuronal substrates of auditory discrimination. Accumulating evidence has been showing that each one of the pathways alone is sufficient to support auditory fear conditioning. However, according to a recent study, the audito ...
Convergence, Divergence, Pupillary Reactions and
... cm. The reader is referred to a paper by Johnson (’35) for a n explanation of the principles underlying retinoscopy. Since it was not practical to measure accommodation employing retinoscopy by interposing lenses between the eye of the observer and the eye of the monkey during an experiment the foll ...
... cm. The reader is referred to a paper by Johnson (’35) for a n explanation of the principles underlying retinoscopy. Since it was not practical to measure accommodation employing retinoscopy by interposing lenses between the eye of the observer and the eye of the monkey during an experiment the foll ...
ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ داوری ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﮕﺮه ﻋﻠﻮم اﻋﺼﺎب ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﺑﺎ
... Delayed-coupled neuronal networks yield stimulus-dependent synchronization and communication channels Transplantation of very small embryonic like stem cells to spinal cord injury rat model promotes movement recovery Interference Control In Elderly Bilinguals: Appearances Can Be Misleading ...
... Delayed-coupled neuronal networks yield stimulus-dependent synchronization and communication channels Transplantation of very small embryonic like stem cells to spinal cord injury rat model promotes movement recovery Interference Control In Elderly Bilinguals: Appearances Can Be Misleading ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise from variability in the rate of rhythmic activity (i.e., cycle period) and in the intensity of action potential bursts (i.e., graded changes in intraburst action potential number a ...
... functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise from variability in the rate of rhythmic activity (i.e., cycle period) and in the intensity of action potential bursts (i.e., graded changes in intraburst action potential number a ...
Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of
... hormone, which is derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in neurons in the ARC,36 with orexin-1 receptor immunoreactivity also being observed in a few GALP-positive neurons.38 We have previously reported that 3–12% of GALP-positive cells contain a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like immunoreactivity.36 I ...
... hormone, which is derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in neurons in the ARC,36 with orexin-1 receptor immunoreactivity also being observed in a few GALP-positive neurons.38 We have previously reported that 3–12% of GALP-positive cells contain a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like immunoreactivity.36 I ...
RESULTATS Capítol 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 71
... The hippocampus (HP) is a laminated structure that receives extrinsic and intrinsic inputs in a highly ordered fashion, where the different afferent systems terminate in non-overlapping layers. Thus, the entorhinal cortex (EC) innervates the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM) of the HP proper, and t ...
... The hippocampus (HP) is a laminated structure that receives extrinsic and intrinsic inputs in a highly ordered fashion, where the different afferent systems terminate in non-overlapping layers. Thus, the entorhinal cortex (EC) innervates the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM) of the HP proper, and t ...
Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Huntington`s disease
... Production of BDNF is stimulated by wild-type huntingtin: physiology and mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Huntingtin and BDNF co-localise in cortical neurons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Wild-type huntingtin i ...
... Production of BDNF is stimulated by wild-type huntingtin: physiology and mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Huntingtin and BDNF co-localise in cortical neurons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Wild-type huntingtin i ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
... nucleus is situated medially to the other nuclei from the complex and it is penetrated by many fibers of passage. Its principle cells are large with globular somata and relatively few dendrites (Sommer et al., 1993). The MNTB neurons receive monaural excitatory input from the contralateral cochlear ...
... nucleus is situated medially to the other nuclei from the complex and it is penetrated by many fibers of passage. Its principle cells are large with globular somata and relatively few dendrites (Sommer et al., 1993). The MNTB neurons receive monaural excitatory input from the contralateral cochlear ...
2011-Morrison and Nakamura_review
... which cutaneous and visceral cold and warm sensation and/or reductions or elevations in brain temperature elicit changes in thermoregulatory effector tissues to counter or protect against changes in the temperature of the brain and other critical organ tissues. The effector mechanisms for cold defen ...
... which cutaneous and visceral cold and warm sensation and/or reductions or elevations in brain temperature elicit changes in thermoregulatory effector tissues to counter or protect against changes in the temperature of the brain and other critical organ tissues. The effector mechanisms for cold defen ...
Autism-Associated Insertion Mutation (InsG) ofShank3 Exon 21
... SHANK3 (also known as PROSAP2) is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein at excitatory synapses in which mutations and deletions have been implicated in patients with idiopathic autism, Phelan–McDermid (aka 22q13 microdeletion) syndrome, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we have creat ...
... SHANK3 (also known as PROSAP2) is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein at excitatory synapses in which mutations and deletions have been implicated in patients with idiopathic autism, Phelan–McDermid (aka 22q13 microdeletion) syndrome, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we have creat ...
Motor imagery and higher-level cognition: four hurdles before
... individuals, especially as it is somewhat less natural than visual imagery. Before we can look directly at the implications of motor imagery on cognitive abilities and neural substrates, we first need to account for individual variability in motor imagery ability (Annett 1995; de Lange et al. 2008). ...
... individuals, especially as it is somewhat less natural than visual imagery. Before we can look directly at the implications of motor imagery on cognitive abilities and neural substrates, we first need to account for individual variability in motor imagery ability (Annett 1995; de Lange et al. 2008). ...
Fear Models in Animals and Humans
... While the amygdala is critical for fear learning to specific cues, in many circumstances the learned fear response extends to the larger context in which the aversive event occurred. This contextual fear is adaptive in that the location and circumstances under which dangerous events occur can be as ...
... While the amygdala is critical for fear learning to specific cues, in many circumstances the learned fear response extends to the larger context in which the aversive event occurred. This contextual fear is adaptive in that the location and circumstances under which dangerous events occur can be as ...
PDF
... postsynaptic-receptor clusters on dorsal muscles in L1 sad-1 mutants, suggesting that these ectopic dorsal synaptic-vesicle clusters represent functional synapses (Fig. 1A, lower panels). Therefore, DD neurons fail to restrict axonal fate in neurites, forming synapses with both dorsal and ventral mu ...
... postsynaptic-receptor clusters on dorsal muscles in L1 sad-1 mutants, suggesting that these ectopic dorsal synaptic-vesicle clusters represent functional synapses (Fig. 1A, lower panels). Therefore, DD neurons fail to restrict axonal fate in neurites, forming synapses with both dorsal and ventral mu ...
Document
... of endocytosis and membrane remodeling(Prokic 2014[3] ). Alternate splicing of BIN1 generates multiple transcripts encoding ubiquitous and tissue-specific isoforms, which differ in their tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and function. BIN1 is predominantly expressed in mature oligodendr ...
... of endocytosis and membrane remodeling(Prokic 2014[3] ). Alternate splicing of BIN1 generates multiple transcripts encoding ubiquitous and tissue-specific isoforms, which differ in their tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and function. BIN1 is predominantly expressed in mature oligodendr ...
Growth and Targeting of Subplate Axons and Establishment of Major
... termed the internal capsule, that forms in the basal telencephalon. Layer 6 axons extend through the internal capsule and directly into the thalamus. Layer 5 axons pass through the full extent of the internal capsule and extend into its continuation, the cerebral peduncle. The internal capsule serve ...
... termed the internal capsule, that forms in the basal telencephalon. Layer 6 axons extend through the internal capsule and directly into the thalamus. Layer 5 axons pass through the full extent of the internal capsule and extend into its continuation, the cerebral peduncle. The internal capsule serve ...
The Olfactory–Limbic System and Multiple Chemical
... There are numerous examples of olfactory adaptation, for an example when you enter a restaurant you immediately perceive the aromas of the foods being cooked, but soon afterwards you become unaware of them. Two classic examples of olfactory adaptation, which pertain to MCS, occur with the use of pe ...
... There are numerous examples of olfactory adaptation, for an example when you enter a restaurant you immediately perceive the aromas of the foods being cooked, but soon afterwards you become unaware of them. Two classic examples of olfactory adaptation, which pertain to MCS, occur with the use of pe ...