carbon plantations kit - Private Forests Tasmania
... million cattle, one million farmed deer, but only four million people! This makes methane the most prolific (50%) greenhouse gas produced by New Zealand. ...
... million cattle, one million farmed deer, but only four million people! This makes methane the most prolific (50%) greenhouse gas produced by New Zealand. ...
Thesis Statement
... Submitted to the Engineering Systems Division on May 4th, 2007 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Systems ABSTRACT Limiting anthropogenic climate change over the next century will require controlling multiple substances. The Kyoto Protocol ...
... Submitted to the Engineering Systems Division on May 4th, 2007 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Systems ABSTRACT Limiting anthropogenic climate change over the next century will require controlling multiple substances. The Kyoto Protocol ...
State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2007
... The flexibility of the voluntary markets is both a source of strength and a weakness. One of the reasons the market has very low transaction costs is that it does not require proof of quality in the same way as the regulated markets. For instance, in the OTC markets there are no widely accepted stan ...
... The flexibility of the voluntary markets is both a source of strength and a weakness. One of the reasons the market has very low transaction costs is that it does not require proof of quality in the same way as the regulated markets. For instance, in the OTC markets there are no widely accepted stan ...
Development Aid and Climate Finance: Working Paper 123 (397 kB) (opens in new window)
... emissions, or boost climate-resilience) dissipates as the South reallocates its own resources to achieve the mitigation, adaptation and consumption balance it prefers. Only in the case of least-developed countries, which are unable to adapt fully due to income constraints, will adaptation support le ...
... emissions, or boost climate-resilience) dissipates as the South reallocates its own resources to achieve the mitigation, adaptation and consumption balance it prefers. Only in the case of least-developed countries, which are unable to adapt fully due to income constraints, will adaptation support le ...
The Fifth Carbon Budget - Committee on Climate Change
... The Climate Change Act sets the framework for the UK to transition to a low-carbon economy. The Act requires that UK emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050 are reduced to at least 80% below 1990 levels. The Act describes a range of factors – including affordability, competitiveness, the public finan ...
... The Climate Change Act sets the framework for the UK to transition to a low-carbon economy. The Act requires that UK emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050 are reduced to at least 80% below 1990 levels. The Act describes a range of factors – including affordability, competitiveness, the public finan ...
Carbon Disclosure Project
... amount of sunlight converted by the solar cell into electricity. Replacing fossil-based energy such as electricity produced from coal-fired power plants significantly reduces carbon dioxide (CO2), which could help companies and/or countries comply with regulatory schemes like cap and trade. Every me ...
... amount of sunlight converted by the solar cell into electricity. Replacing fossil-based energy such as electricity produced from coal-fired power plants significantly reduces carbon dioxide (CO2), which could help companies and/or countries comply with regulatory schemes like cap and trade. Every me ...
4. Financial transfers and adaptation in the South
... This paper discusses the implications of climate change for official transfers from rich countries (the North) to poor countries (the South). The concern is no longer just about poverty alleviation (i.e. income in the South), but also about global emissions and resilience to climate risk. Another im ...
... This paper discusses the implications of climate change for official transfers from rich countries (the North) to poor countries (the South). The concern is no longer just about poverty alleviation (i.e. income in the South), but also about global emissions and resilience to climate risk. Another im ...
Technical Change and the Marginal Cost of Abatement∗
... technologies that pivot the cost curve to the right tend to decrease in MPS. Yet the empirical basis for this aspect of technical change–how it effects marginal abatement costs–has been largely ignored in the construction of these models. This paper addresses the treatment of technical change in the ...
... technologies that pivot the cost curve to the right tend to decrease in MPS. Yet the empirical basis for this aspect of technical change–how it effects marginal abatement costs–has been largely ignored in the construction of these models. This paper addresses the treatment of technical change in the ...
Module: Introduction
... i) Climate Change influence on business strategy: The influence has evolved from focusing on cost reduction, to reputation improvement, to creating new revenue streams as Sprint has matured in its understanding of the benefits of CR. This process was well-defined and understood until the 4th quarte ...
... i) Climate Change influence on business strategy: The influence has evolved from focusing on cost reduction, to reputation improvement, to creating new revenue streams as Sprint has matured in its understanding of the benefits of CR. This process was well-defined and understood until the 4th quarte ...
[full text]
... emissions from fertilizer and manure published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are generally consistent with the global budget of N2O, a key research objective is to find a metric that adequately estimates N2O emissions from fertilizer consumption on more local scales. How N2O Could ...
... emissions from fertilizer and manure published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are generally consistent with the global budget of N2O, a key research objective is to find a metric that adequately estimates N2O emissions from fertilizer consumption on more local scales. How N2O Could ...
geothermal project funding through the clean
... of the COP was held in Berlin in 1995 and since then the meetings have been held almost annually. They are usually referred to by their sequential number and often also the place name where they are held, e.g. COP 17 in Durban. Article 2 of the Convention presents its objective: The ultimate objecti ...
... of the COP was held in Berlin in 1995 and since then the meetings have been held almost annually. They are usually referred to by their sequential number and often also the place name where they are held, e.g. COP 17 in Durban. Article 2 of the Convention presents its objective: The ultimate objecti ...
Saving Kyoto - Graciela Chichilnisky
... difficult, but the future is actually very hopeful – if we find a way to get there. You would think that with risks so serious we would be doing something about it. You would be right, and as it happens we are ...
... difficult, but the future is actually very hopeful – if we find a way to get there. You would think that with risks so serious we would be doing something about it. You would be right, and as it happens we are ...
CDM in Crisis – What is at Stake?
... stakeholder consultation, and steps continue to enhance environmental integrity. Whilst it will always be difficult to avoid nonadditional projects, the CDM has a higher level of stringency than any other mechanisms with multiple independent checks. Additionality is a key component of CDM. When used ...
... stakeholder consultation, and steps continue to enhance environmental integrity. Whilst it will always be difficult to avoid nonadditional projects, the CDM has a higher level of stringency than any other mechanisms with multiple independent checks. Additionality is a key component of CDM. When used ...
Two hundred fifty years of aerosols and climate: the end of the age
... a coordinated set of emission projections. We describe, in detail, the aerosol emissions from the RCP4.5 scenario and its associated reference scenario. While aerosols have had a substantial impact on climate over the past century, we show that, by the end of the 21st century, aerosols will likely b ...
... a coordinated set of emission projections. We describe, in detail, the aerosol emissions from the RCP4.5 scenario and its associated reference scenario. While aerosols have had a substantial impact on climate over the past century, we show that, by the end of the 21st century, aerosols will likely b ...
Price Caps and Price Floors in Climate Policy
... five degrees Celsius and perhaps more in the very long term, depending on still poorly understood, slow feedback. While these uncertainties should not delay action to mitigate emissions, they do make the task of setting policy objectives challenging. Benefit cost analysis is beyond reach, but abatem ...
... five degrees Celsius and perhaps more in the very long term, depending on still poorly understood, slow feedback. While these uncertainties should not delay action to mitigate emissions, they do make the task of setting policy objectives challenging. Benefit cost analysis is beyond reach, but abatem ...
Canada`s Emissions Trends 2013
... sector will ensure that 2025 passenger vehicles and light trucks will emit about 50% less GHGs than 2008 models once final regulations are issued. Furthermore, GHG emissions from 2018 model-year heavy duty vehicles will be reduced by up to 23 percent. Provincial and territorial governments, many of ...
... sector will ensure that 2025 passenger vehicles and light trucks will emit about 50% less GHGs than 2008 models once final regulations are issued. Furthermore, GHG emissions from 2018 model-year heavy duty vehicles will be reduced by up to 23 percent. Provincial and territorial governments, many of ...
INTERPRETING INDCs - World Resources Institute
... although the majority of Parties specified whether or not they intend to use international market mechanisms to achieve their target, they did not specify at what level. Nor did they specify how they would ensure that traded units are not double-counted toward more than one Party’s target. Parties a ...
... although the majority of Parties specified whether or not they intend to use international market mechanisms to achieve their target, they did not specify at what level. Nor did they specify how they would ensure that traded units are not double-counted toward more than one Party’s target. Parties a ...
A Question of Balance - Yale Economics
... In practice, an economic analysis of climate change weighs the costs of slowing climate change against the damages of more rapid climate change. On the side of the costs of slowing climate change, countries must consider whether, and by how much, to reduce their GHG emissions. Reducing GHGs, particu ...
... In practice, an economic analysis of climate change weighs the costs of slowing climate change against the damages of more rapid climate change. On the side of the costs of slowing climate change, countries must consider whether, and by how much, to reduce their GHG emissions. Reducing GHGs, particu ...
Agricultural Net Carbon Effect and Agricultural Carbon Sink
... universal concern in the international community. The IPCC fourth assessment report pointed out that the global average surface temperature increased 0.74 degrees and the sea level rose 0.17 meters over the past 100 years [1]. Secondary and tertiary industries are the leading sectors of carbon emiss ...
... universal concern in the international community. The IPCC fourth assessment report pointed out that the global average surface temperature increased 0.74 degrees and the sea level rose 0.17 meters over the past 100 years [1]. Secondary and tertiary industries are the leading sectors of carbon emiss ...
Short-Lived Climate Pollution
... overly short time frame, failure to consider strategies involving delayed SLCP abatement, unrealistic assumptions about the amount of SLCP abatement that can be obtained without displacing CO2 abatement, and insufficient consideration of the amount of SLCP abatement one gets as an automatic cobenefit ...
... overly short time frame, failure to consider strategies involving delayed SLCP abatement, unrealistic assumptions about the amount of SLCP abatement that can be obtained without displacing CO2 abatement, and insufficient consideration of the amount of SLCP abatement one gets as an automatic cobenefit ...
Including land use, land-use change, and forestry in future climate
... approaches could be accommodated within the current KP, thereby offering some of the advantages envisioned for sectoral approaches in general. However, other sectoral approaches may not be compatible with the current system. In particular, sectoral approaches in which Annex I country and/or developi ...
... approaches could be accommodated within the current KP, thereby offering some of the advantages envisioned for sectoral approaches in general. However, other sectoral approaches may not be compatible with the current system. In particular, sectoral approaches in which Annex I country and/or developi ...
Working 9 to 5 on Climate Change: An Office Guide
... copiers, business travel, and commuting—these are all ways that your office, even if it is small, contributes to global climate change, the gradual warming in global temperature which looms as one of the world’s most vexing environmental and economic problems. ...
... copiers, business travel, and commuting—these are all ways that your office, even if it is small, contributes to global climate change, the gradual warming in global temperature which looms as one of the world’s most vexing environmental and economic problems. ...
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions: the science and economics of future paths for global annual emissions (1 MB) (opens in new window)
... The 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), due to take place in Copenhagen in December 2009, will aim to agree an international framework on climate change policy that will take effect after the first period of Kyoto Protocol exp ...
... The 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), due to take place in Copenhagen in December 2009, will aim to agree an international framework on climate change policy that will take effect after the first period of Kyoto Protocol exp ...
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas
... The 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), due to take place in Copenhagen in December 2009, will aim to agree an international framework on climate change policy that will take effect after the first period of Kyoto Protocol exp ...
... The 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), due to take place in Copenhagen in December 2009, will aim to agree an international framework on climate change policy that will take effect after the first period of Kyoto Protocol exp ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.