Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
... The Government of Norway has made the inclusion of a mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in a post-2012 climate regime a policy priority in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process. To achieve this, sufficient fact-based ...
... The Government of Norway has made the inclusion of a mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in a post-2012 climate regime a policy priority in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process. To achieve this, sufficient fact-based ...
reducing australia`s greenhouse gas emissions— targets and
... A number of government departments and public agencies have supported the work of the Authority during the course of the Review. They include: the Department of the Environment, the Treasury, the Australian Energy Markets Commission, the Australian Energy Market Operator, the Australian Embassy in C ...
... A number of government departments and public agencies have supported the work of the Authority during the course of the Review. They include: the Department of the Environment, the Treasury, the Australian Energy Markets Commission, the Australian Energy Market Operator, the Australian Embassy in C ...
Technical Reference Guide for World Climate Negotiations Model
... As a result of these misunderstandings, many people’s intuitive predictions of the response of the global climate system to emissions cuts are not accurate and often underestimate the degree of emissions reductions needed to stabilize atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. These misunderstandings also l ...
... As a result of these misunderstandings, many people’s intuitive predictions of the response of the global climate system to emissions cuts are not accurate and often underestimate the degree of emissions reductions needed to stabilize atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. These misunderstandings also l ...
FINAL Amazon Scorecard
... 46 points on the 100-point scale for its efforts to incorporate climate change into its increasingly comprehensive corporate social responsibility profile. While the company’s reduction goals are still loosely defined, Starbucks has asserted itself in the policy and emissions accounting arenas and b ...
... 46 points on the 100-point scale for its efforts to incorporate climate change into its increasingly comprehensive corporate social responsibility profile. While the company’s reduction goals are still loosely defined, Starbucks has asserted itself in the policy and emissions accounting arenas and b ...
THE GARNAUT CLIMATE CHANGE REvIEW
... The Garnaut Climate Change Review was initiated in April 2007 by the then Leader of the Opposition, Kevin Rudd, and by the Premiers of the six states and the Chief Ministers of the two territories of Australia. It was commissioned by the First Ministers on 30 April 2007. The Commonwealth Government ...
... The Garnaut Climate Change Review was initiated in April 2007 by the then Leader of the Opposition, Kevin Rudd, and by the Premiers of the six states and the Chief Ministers of the two territories of Australia. It was commissioned by the First Ministers on 30 April 2007. The Commonwealth Government ...
10 Years of Experience in Carbon Finance
... 2.2 How is the World Bank contributing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3. Origins & Implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.1 The Kyoto Protocol & the Marrakesh Accor ...
... 2.2 How is the World Bank contributing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3. Origins & Implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.1 The Kyoto Protocol & the Marrakesh Accor ...
Taxes, targets, and the social cost of carbon
... Focus on emission reductions creates problems. Must a poor country reduce its emissions as much as a rich one? Must a country (rich or poor) with very low per capita emissions reduce future emissions as much as a country with high per capital emissions? What should be the overall target for emission ...
... Focus on emission reductions creates problems. Must a poor country reduce its emissions as much as a rich one? Must a country (rich or poor) with very low per capita emissions reduce future emissions as much as a country with high per capital emissions? What should be the overall target for emission ...
Climate Change: Costs and Benefits of the
... context and the desire to engage the developing world in the reduction effort. When the United States and other developed countries ratified the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), they agreed both to reduce their own emissions to help stabilize atmospheric concentra ...
... context and the desire to engage the developing world in the reduction effort. When the United States and other developed countries ratified the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), they agreed both to reduce their own emissions to help stabilize atmospheric concentra ...
Learning tool on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in agriculture, forestry and other land use sector
... Agriculture is a crucial socio-economic sector. In many developing countries, it accounts for a significant portion of the gross domestic product (GDP) and employs a large part of the population. Agriculture is central to food security, makes a major contribution to livelihoods and employment and is ...
... Agriculture is a crucial socio-economic sector. In many developing countries, it accounts for a significant portion of the gross domestic product (GDP) and employs a large part of the population. Agriculture is central to food security, makes a major contribution to livelihoods and employment and is ...
Sunnyvale Climate Action Plan
... sustainable, healthy, and livable Sunnyvale. The strategies outlined in this Plan will not only reduce GHG emissions but will also provide energy, fuel, water, and monetary savings while improving the quality of life in Sunnyvale. This Climate Action Plan is intended to streamline future environment ...
... sustainable, healthy, and livable Sunnyvale. The strategies outlined in this Plan will not only reduce GHG emissions but will also provide energy, fuel, water, and monetary savings while improving the quality of life in Sunnyvale. This Climate Action Plan is intended to streamline future environment ...
Survey of Climate Change Considerations in Federal Environmental
... of State (DOS)’s EIS for the Keystone XL Pipeline, 4 the Forest Service (USFS)’s review of two federal coal lease modifications,5 and USFS’s review of an oil and gas leasing project in Fishlake National Forest.6 Some of the other EISs in this category briefly discussed indirect impacts on GHG emissi ...
... of State (DOS)’s EIS for the Keystone XL Pipeline, 4 the Forest Service (USFS)’s review of two federal coal lease modifications,5 and USFS’s review of an oil and gas leasing project in Fishlake National Forest.6 Some of the other EISs in this category briefly discussed indirect impacts on GHG emissi ...
Chapter 13 - Clean Air Act
... change began to emerge as a major domestic issue in the United States, Congress began to hold hearings addressing whether the Clean Air Act might regulate greenhouse gas emissions. At the time, officials within the Clinton Administration asserted that the Clean Air Act gave them authority to regulat ...
... change began to emerge as a major domestic issue in the United States, Congress began to hold hearings addressing whether the Clean Air Act might regulate greenhouse gas emissions. At the time, officials within the Clinton Administration asserted that the Clean Air Act gave them authority to regulat ...
IPCC Robert M. Margolis 1992 MIT-CEEPR 92-011WP
... they have a solution. Thus participants in the policy process who want to see action taken on the climate change issue would like to interpret the scenarios as BAU and increasingly stringent policy scenarios. In other words, in the context of the political debate, they want to construct a convincing ...
... they have a solution. Thus participants in the policy process who want to see action taken on the climate change issue would like to interpret the scenarios as BAU and increasingly stringent policy scenarios. In other words, in the context of the political debate, they want to construct a convincing ...
Trade And Climate Change - WTO-UNEP Report
... technologies that aim to mitigate climate change. The final part of the Report gives an overview of a range of national policies and measures that have been used in a number of countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to increase energy efficiency. It presents key features in the design and ...
... technologies that aim to mitigate climate change. The final part of the Report gives an overview of a range of national policies and measures that have been used in a number of countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to increase energy efficiency. It presents key features in the design and ...
In the Supreme Court of the State of California
... Warming Solutions Act of 2006, commonly referred to as AB 32 (Health & Saf. Code, § 38500 et seq.). Where the proposed update to a 40-year regional transportation plan shows near-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, but the reductions are not projected to continue over the longer-term, the l ...
... Warming Solutions Act of 2006, commonly referred to as AB 32 (Health & Saf. Code, § 38500 et seq.). Where the proposed update to a 40-year regional transportation plan shows near-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, but the reductions are not projected to continue over the longer-term, the l ...
PDF 4.2MB - Strong Growth, Low Pollution
... through a market mechanism provides incentives for emission reductions to occur where they are cheapest. As the Productivity Commission found, when firms and consumers make the decisions, rather than governments, the costs of reducing emissions are lower. A carbon price is the most economically resp ...
... through a market mechanism provides incentives for emission reductions to occur where they are cheapest. As the Productivity Commission found, when firms and consumers make the decisions, rather than governments, the costs of reducing emissions are lower. A carbon price is the most economically resp ...
MODELING THE EMISSIONS OF NITROUS OXIDE ) FROM THE (N
... the freezing point. The hydrological model and the two-factor model are driven by surface temperature and precipitation, which links methane emission with climate. For present-day climate and soil data sets the N2 0 emission model predicts an annual flux of 11.3 Tg-N/year (17.8 Tg N20/year). The spa ...
... the freezing point. The hydrological model and the two-factor model are driven by surface temperature and precipitation, which links methane emission with climate. For present-day climate and soil data sets the N2 0 emission model predicts an annual flux of 11.3 Tg-N/year (17.8 Tg N20/year). The spa ...
Manteca Draft Climate Action Plan
... included in the inventory. For trips that begin in the City but end in a different jurisdiction, half the emissions are included in the inventory. Conversely, for trips that begin outside the City but end within the City, half the emissions are included in the inventory. The inventories include esti ...
... included in the inventory. For trips that begin in the City but end in a different jurisdiction, half the emissions are included in the inventory. Conversely, for trips that begin outside the City but end within the City, half the emissions are included in the inventory. The inventories include esti ...
In Defense of the Clean Power Plan: Why Greenhouse Gas
... not standing idly by until Paris, though. The president signed an agreement with China in 2014 promising that the United States will emit 26 to 28 percent less carbon in 2025 than it did in 2005.25 To push toward these goals, the Obama administration is aggressively regulating GHGs, testing the limi ...
... not standing idly by until Paris, though. The president signed an agreement with China in 2014 promising that the United States will emit 26 to 28 percent less carbon in 2025 than it did in 2005.25 To push toward these goals, the Obama administration is aggressively regulating GHGs, testing the limi ...
CDP Cities 2016 Guidance for responding city governments Version
... you are unable to respond via the ORS, please email [email protected] to open a discussion about the best means for you to submit your questionnaire. Please provide all relevant information in your answer in the format requested by the ORS. A short, direct answer is better than a long response with add ...
... you are unable to respond via the ORS, please email [email protected] to open a discussion about the best means for you to submit your questionnaire. Please provide all relevant information in your answer in the format requested by the ORS. A short, direct answer is better than a long response with add ...
Exploring comparable post-2012 reduction efforts for Annex I
... EU Heads of State and Government agreed in March 2007 that the EU will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 30% below 1990 levels by 2020 within a global and comprehensive post-2012 climate agreement. This commitment is provided that other developed countries commit to comparable reductions. Withi ...
... EU Heads of State and Government agreed in March 2007 that the EU will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 30% below 1990 levels by 2020 within a global and comprehensive post-2012 climate agreement. This commitment is provided that other developed countries commit to comparable reductions. Withi ...
HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting Climate and the Ozone Layer
... Since the 1980s, nations have worked together to phase-out the chemicals that have been damaging and degrading the ozone layer – the Earth’s protective shield that filters out harmful levels of ultra-violet light. More recently science has spotlighted that this international effort has also spared h ...
... Since the 1980s, nations have worked together to phase-out the chemicals that have been damaging and degrading the ozone layer – the Earth’s protective shield that filters out harmful levels of ultra-violet light. More recently science has spotlighted that this international effort has also spared h ...
Geoengineering Governance
... changes. The main focus of such efforts has been to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, whether through cap-and-trade schemes, vehicle emission standards, land use regulation, or other tools. Recent proposals in Congress have called for an 80% reduction in U.S. GHG emissions from 2005 levels by the ...
... changes. The main focus of such efforts has been to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, whether through cap-and-trade schemes, vehicle emission standards, land use regulation, or other tools. Recent proposals in Congress have called for an 80% reduction in U.S. GHG emissions from 2005 levels by the ...
Forests and carbon: valuation, discounting and risk management
... organisations and individuals act to reduce their own emissions as the priority and do not treat offsetting as a substitute,6 and that the offsets provide additional carbon benefits to those expected to occur anyway. This fits with the position that carbon offsets are of value only when used in conj ...
... organisations and individuals act to reduce their own emissions as the priority and do not treat offsetting as a substitute,6 and that the offsets provide additional carbon benefits to those expected to occur anyway. This fits with the position that carbon offsets are of value only when used in conj ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.