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... they can be used as an emergency measure to reduce the global average temperature quickly, and second that they can be used to “buy time” by slowing down the increase in temperature so that new abatement or emission reducing technologies can be developed. On the other hand, there are many arguments ...
... they can be used as an emergency measure to reduce the global average temperature quickly, and second that they can be used to “buy time” by slowing down the increase in temperature so that new abatement or emission reducing technologies can be developed. On the other hand, there are many arguments ...
Impacts of changes in land use and land cover on atmospheric
... conditions. We find that by 2100 temperate forests dominated by broadleaf trees are replacing conifer forests dominated by needleleaf trees (Fig. 2). Globally, we calculated a 40 % increase in spatial coverage of temperate broadleaf trees and a 20 % decrease in boreal needleleaf evergreen trees. The ...
... conditions. We find that by 2100 temperate forests dominated by broadleaf trees are replacing conifer forests dominated by needleleaf trees (Fig. 2). Globally, we calculated a 40 % increase in spatial coverage of temperate broadleaf trees and a 20 % decrease in boreal needleleaf evergreen trees. The ...
THE WAY FORWARD - Canada`s Ecofiscal Commission
... throughout the economy. Coverage also matters for minimizing the costs of any given amount of emissions reduction. The more emitters (and emissions) are covered by the policy, the more incentives exist to realize all available low-cost reductions. Carbonpricing policies should thus be as broad as po ...
... throughout the economy. Coverage also matters for minimizing the costs of any given amount of emissions reduction. The more emitters (and emissions) are covered by the policy, the more incentives exist to realize all available low-cost reductions. Carbonpricing policies should thus be as broad as po ...
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... distortionary, because the taxes discourage the “good” activity. For example, many economists have argued that payroll and income taxes discourage employment and investment.4 If these taxes were reduced, the incentives to increase labor and investment would be greater. Economists maintain that levyi ...
... distortionary, because the taxes discourage the “good” activity. For example, many economists have argued that payroll and income taxes discourage employment and investment.4 If these taxes were reduced, the incentives to increase labor and investment would be greater. Economists maintain that levyi ...
Stepping Stone or Stumbling Block
... regulation. But there can also be effects that push in the opposite direction: A domestic cap-and-trade system could also cause a relocation of carbon-heavy production to developing countries, where these industries would use their political influence to resist international efforts to place limits ...
... regulation. But there can also be effects that push in the opposite direction: A domestic cap-and-trade system could also cause a relocation of carbon-heavy production to developing countries, where these industries would use their political influence to resist international efforts to place limits ...
Absolute Abundance and Relative Scarcity: Announced Policy
... period respond to the announcement of future climate policy. Such concerns, however, have not entered the policy makers agendas, and there has been no attempt to implement climate change policy in an expedite way. The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol started on January 1, 2008, when age ...
... period respond to the announcement of future climate policy. Such concerns, however, have not entered the policy makers agendas, and there has been no attempt to implement climate change policy in an expedite way. The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol started on January 1, 2008, when age ...
Debating Climate Change David Weisbach
... unanimous in their conclusion that the developed countries should take the lead in bearing the costs of climate change, while the less developed countries should be allowed to increase emissions for the foreseeable future.”1 These philosophers are mistaken. This policy recommendation a bad one, but ...
... unanimous in their conclusion that the developed countries should take the lead in bearing the costs of climate change, while the less developed countries should be allowed to increase emissions for the foreseeable future.”1 These philosophers are mistaken. This policy recommendation a bad one, but ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Wales February 2013
... a shared resource whose stability can be affected by emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The Convention has been ratified by 195 parties (194 states6, and one regional economic integration organisation (the EU)), and entered into force on 21 March 1994. The Kyoto Protocol7 is the ...
... a shared resource whose stability can be affected by emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The Convention has been ratified by 195 parties (194 states6, and one regional economic integration organisation (the EU)), and entered into force on 21 March 1994. The Kyoto Protocol7 is the ...
UK Climate action following the Paris Agreement
... greenhouse gases in the air. We already include three such options in our UK scenarios to 2050: bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, afforestation and wood in construction. The full range of potential GGR options is wide and diverse, including management of soils and habitats, biochar, direct ...
... greenhouse gases in the air. We already include three such options in our UK scenarios to 2050: bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, afforestation and wood in construction. The full range of potential GGR options is wide and diverse, including management of soils and habitats, biochar, direct ...
The UK Climate Change Act 2008
... change on the level of the 2050 target (specifically whether it should be higher than the 60 percent proposed in the Bill).14 The advice was published on 7 October 2008, and recommended that the UK should adopt a target to reduce GHG emissions by at least 80 percent by 2050. The parliamentary debate ...
... change on the level of the 2050 target (specifically whether it should be higher than the 60 percent proposed in the Bill).14 The advice was published on 7 October 2008, and recommended that the UK should adopt a target to reduce GHG emissions by at least 80 percent by 2050. The parliamentary debate ...
The Citizen`s Guide to Carbon Capping
... Power firms could make a £1bn windfall profit from the EU Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme The windfall is likely because many firms have benefited from increases in electricity prices brought about by the scheme without needing to make any extra investment in return. ...
... Power firms could make a £1bn windfall profit from the EU Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme The windfall is likely because many firms have benefited from increases in electricity prices brought about by the scheme without needing to make any extra investment in return. ...
Citizen Climate Lesson Plans Grades 9–12
... These lesson plans recognize that many opinions exist about approaches society should take in response to climate change. This curriculum avoids “advocating” certain positions. Instead, it strives to provide accurate information from well-respected sources. It presents differing opinions on issues a ...
... These lesson plans recognize that many opinions exist about approaches society should take in response to climate change. This curriculum avoids “advocating” certain positions. Instead, it strives to provide accurate information from well-respected sources. It presents differing opinions on issues a ...
Black Carbon Mitigation and the Role of the
... The Global Environment Facility (GEF) unites 183 countries in partnership with international institutions, civil society organizations (CSOs) and the private sector to address global environmental issues, while supporting national sustainable development initiatives. An independently operating finan ...
... The Global Environment Facility (GEF) unites 183 countries in partnership with international institutions, civil society organizations (CSOs) and the private sector to address global environmental issues, while supporting national sustainable development initiatives. An independently operating finan ...
estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from landfills: application to
... 2007a; Gardner et al., 1993). European research has identified that landfill gas is composed of 140 trace components of which 90 were common to all studies landfill sites (Parker et al.,2002). NMOCs (non-methane organic compounds) usually make up also less than 1% of landfill gas. Methane is regarde ...
... 2007a; Gardner et al., 1993). European research has identified that landfill gas is composed of 140 trace components of which 90 were common to all studies landfill sites (Parker et al.,2002). NMOCs (non-methane organic compounds) usually make up also less than 1% of landfill gas. Methane is regarde ...
Getting to Zero - Forum for the Future
... Forum for the Future’s own hierarchy prioritises the avoidance of emissions, their reduction through energy efficiency, the replacement of high-carbon energy sources with low- or zero-carbon alternatives, and then the use of highquality carbon offsets, as the preferred means for an organisation to a ...
... Forum for the Future’s own hierarchy prioritises the avoidance of emissions, their reduction through energy efficiency, the replacement of high-carbon energy sources with low- or zero-carbon alternatives, and then the use of highquality carbon offsets, as the preferred means for an organisation to a ...
analyses Why are we seeing “REDD”? seeing “REDD”?
... could create some 200 million climate refugees by 2040, especially from poor countries (Jakobeit and Methmann 2007). The severity of the situation and the urgency to act has now become international consensus. Key contributions include the scientific evidence from the 4th assessment reports of the In ...
... could create some 200 million climate refugees by 2040, especially from poor countries (Jakobeit and Methmann 2007). The severity of the situation and the urgency to act has now become international consensus. Key contributions include the scientific evidence from the 4th assessment reports of the In ...
College greenhouse gas inventory
... preferred over only carbon dioxide as it does not mask the important contribution to the problem from other gases created by human activities. 2 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environm ...
... preferred over only carbon dioxide as it does not mask the important contribution to the problem from other gases created by human activities. 2 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environm ...
A Tale of Two Provinces: Imposing Greenhouse
... on the oil and gas sector, which in turn are having a significant impact on the Province’s economic and employment picture in the near term, the focus on environmental issues would yield to economic drivers. However, as recognized in Alberta’s Provincial Energy Strategy, 200818 and the plan for Albe ...
... on the oil and gas sector, which in turn are having a significant impact on the Province’s economic and employment picture in the near term, the focus on environmental issues would yield to economic drivers. However, as recognized in Alberta’s Provincial Energy Strategy, 200818 and the plan for Albe ...
Tropical Forest, Deforestation and Climate Change - Heinrich
... cattle ranching, rural settlements, mining, and logging. More specifically, Amazon deforestation was initiated in the 1960s with investments in infrastructure, particularly in roads that connected the central and southern Brasil to the north. Large-scale colonization and mining projects (Northwest C ...
... cattle ranching, rural settlements, mining, and logging. More specifically, Amazon deforestation was initiated in the 1960s with investments in infrastructure, particularly in roads that connected the central and southern Brasil to the north. Large-scale colonization and mining projects (Northwest C ...
[City/Town/County] of [Jurisdiction]
... The time to act is now. Never in the past 1000 years has the planet warmed at a faster rate than during the 20th century, and the most recent decade has been the warmest ever on record. Allowing this trend to continue could result in decreased agricultural output, increased catastrophic weather even ...
... The time to act is now. Never in the past 1000 years has the planet warmed at a faster rate than during the 20th century, and the most recent decade has been the warmest ever on record. Allowing this trend to continue could result in decreased agricultural output, increased catastrophic weather even ...
[City/Town/County] of [Jurisdiction]
... The time to act is now. Never in the past 1000 years has the planet warmed at a faster rate than during the 20th century, and the most recent decade has been the warmest ever on record. Allowing this trend to continue could result in decreased agricultural output, increased catastrophic weather even ...
... The time to act is now. Never in the past 1000 years has the planet warmed at a faster rate than during the 20th century, and the most recent decade has been the warmest ever on record. Allowing this trend to continue could result in decreased agricultural output, increased catastrophic weather even ...
Stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide via zero emissions—An
... a new CO2 mitigation strategy based on the Zstabilization pathway, we calculated climate projections for test case scenarios using a simplified climate system model.18) A brief description of the model and the values of parameters adopted in the present study are given in the Appendix. It should be n ...
... a new CO2 mitigation strategy based on the Zstabilization pathway, we calculated climate projections for test case scenarios using a simplified climate system model.18) A brief description of the model and the values of parameters adopted in the present study are given in the Appendix. It should be n ...
Recent worldwide CO2 emissions - Digging in the Clay
... “Well, that's "the tragedy of the commons. You can always argue that it is fine for you to be antisocial because you are just one person. But there are other views of ethics, leadership, pollution. London doesn't have smog any more, and that's thanks to all 7 million people all following the lead of ...
... “Well, that's "the tragedy of the commons. You can always argue that it is fine for you to be antisocial because you are just one person. But there are other views of ethics, leadership, pollution. London doesn't have smog any more, and that's thanks to all 7 million people all following the lead of ...
unilateral climate regulation - Harvard Environmental Law Review
... are principally a first step toward a global treaty, so it has focused on what domestic regulations would be good models for multilateral regulation. But the quest for a binding global treaty has proven to be a non-starter. So this Article takes a different approach, asking how domestic regulation c ...
... are principally a first step toward a global treaty, so it has focused on what domestic regulations would be good models for multilateral regulation. But the quest for a binding global treaty has proven to be a non-starter. So this Article takes a different approach, asking how domestic regulation c ...
The Effects of the Kyoto Protocol on Taiwan
... Taiwan. Taiwan is the only developing country ignored by climate change experts in the subsidiary bodies and as such, experts will never have the opportunity to review Taiwan’s GHG inventory records or provide advice for capacity building or research. Although Taiwan will take unilateral action and ...
... Taiwan. Taiwan is the only developing country ignored by climate change experts in the subsidiary bodies and as such, experts will never have the opportunity to review Taiwan’s GHG inventory records or provide advice for capacity building or research. Although Taiwan will take unilateral action and ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.