Download Purple 3 • Sponsored by Henry Clay • Allowed Missouri to enter the

Purple 3
• Sponsored by Henry Clay
• Allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave
state
• Allowed Maine to enter as a free state
Missouri Compromise, 1820
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Tariff of Abominations: resulted in higher tariffs
In 1832, a lower tariff was passed
− Still angered South Carolinians, led by John C.
Calhoun
− South Carolina declared the federal tariff null
and void within its borders
− Delegates to a special convention urged the state
legislature to take military action and secede
from the union if the federal government
demanded customs duties
− To prevent a civil war, Henry Clay proposed the
Compromise Tariff of 1833
− The Government lowers the tariff and backs
down
Nullification Crisis, 1828
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Tariff of Abominations: resulted in higher tariffs
In 1832, a lower tariff was passed
− Still angered South Carolinians, led by John C.
Calhoun
− South Carolina declared the federal tariff null and
void within its borders
− Delegates to a special convention urged the state
legislature to take military action and secede from
the union if the federal government demanded
customs duties
− To prevent a civil war, Henry Clay proposed the
Compromise Tariff of 1833
− The Government lowers the tariff and backs down
Nullification Crisis, 1828
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Sponsored by Henry Clay
Allowed California to enter the Union as a free state
(pleased the North)
The rest of the Southwest was left open to slavery,
depending on a vote of the people (popular sovereignty)
who settled there (pleased the South)
Ended the slave trade in Washington, DC
Allowed those owning slaves to keep them (pleased
both sides)
INCLUDED The Fugitive Slave Law
− Required the return of escaped slaves to their
owners (pleased the South, angered the North
because they felt it was immoral)
Compromise of 1850
Purple 3
• Allowed for Kansas and Nebraska to
be organized on the basis of popular
sovereignty
− That is, the people would vote
themselves to decide if they
would be Free or Slave
Kansas – Nebraska Act, 1854
• Senator from Kentucky
• known as “The Great Compromiser” for his
ability to smooth sectional conflict through
balanced legislation
• Sponsored the Missouri Compromise in 1820
• Admitted Missouri as a
slave state
• Admitted Maine as a
free state
Henry Clay
• South Carolina Senator
• Favored states’
rights
• Led opposition in
South Carolina to
the protective Tariff
of 1828 (Tariff of
Abominations)
John C. Calhoun
• Senator from Massachusetts
• Known as “The Great Orator”
• Worked to create compromises with
the southern states
that would delay the
start of the Civil War
Daniel Webster
Purple 3
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America
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Roles Played by Significant Individuals During the Civil
War
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When the South seceded, Lincoln offered
Lee the command of Union forces but
Lee refused
Resigned from the U.S. Army and
returned to Virginia to serve with the
Confederate forces
In 1862, Lee was appointed to command
the Army of Northern Virginia
His battle strategies are admired to this day, but he was
criticized for having a narrow strategy centered on his
native Virginia
He surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court
House in 1865
Robert E. Lee
• Congressional Medal of Honor recipient
Commander of the Union Army
September 1861; he was promoted as a general
After a series of victories, including the capture of
Vicksburg, Lincoln gave him command of the Union Army
He created an overall plan
concentrated on Sherman’s march
through Georgia and his own assault
on the Confederate Army in Virginia
Grant accepted Lee’s surrender in
1865, ending the war.
Ulysses S. Grant
16th President of the United States
Abraham Lincoln
• Born in Chile, South America
Purple 3
• Served with the 54th Massachusetts Regiment
(Union) during the Civil War
• He was the first black soldier to receive the
award
− Reason for citation: when the 54th’s
sergeant was shot down, this soldier
grasped the flag, led
the way to the parapet,
and planted the colors
there. When the troops
fell back he brought the
flag, under a fierce fire
in which he was twice
severely wounded
William Carney
Loyalty to local interests instead of national concerns
In the United States, the differences between northern
southern, and western areas increased throughout the
early 1800s.
Different cultures and business practices existed in the
three sections of the country and these concerns often
conflicted.
Farming was the main livelihood of all three sections
Sectionalism
• Was a navy seaman in the Union Navy
• Won the Medal of Honor for his distinguished
service in the Civil War
− Reason for citation: on board the U.S.S.
Santiago de Cuba during the assault on
Fort Fisher on January 15, 1865
− As one of a boat crew detailed to one of
the generals on shore
− Bazar bravely entered the fort in the
assault and accompanied his party in
carrying dispatches at the height of the
battle
− He was one of six men who entered the
fort in the assault from the fleet
Philip Bazar
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Firing on Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter, South Carolina
A federal fort in the Charleston Harbor
Was fired upon by Rebel forces to begin the Civil
War
• April 12, 1861
• P.G.T. Beauregard, Confederate
• Major Robert Anderson, Union
Major Events of the Civil War
Purple 3
• The Confederacy started to draft soldiers
to meet the demand for the troops and the
Union followed suit in 1863
• The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest
single-day battle of the war
• Occurred in Maryland on September 17,
1862
• Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation on September 23, following
the Union victory at Antietam
Battle of Antietam, 1862
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The North captured this strong hold to gain control
of the Mississippi River and divided the Southern
states.
75-day siege
Northern Army led by Ulysses S. Grant
• 1863
• July 1 – 3, 1863
• 92,000 Union troops fought 76,000
Confederate troops at Gettysburg, PA
• The fate of the Confederacy was sealed on
July 4, 1863 with Union victories at
Gettysburg (turning back a Confederate
invasion of the North) and Vicksburg
(giving control of the Mississippi River to
the Union)
• The war continued for two more years as
the South sought independence and
Lincoln demanded union
Battle of Gettysburg
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Siege of Vicksburg
Changes the nature of the war
No longer a war only to preserve (keep) the Union
Now became a war to free the slaves
The proclamation freed only the slaves in the
rebelling territories
Issued in September, 1862, after the Battle of
Antietam
Went into law January 1, 1863
Emancipation Proclamation
Purple 3
• April 14, 1865
• Shot by John Wilkes Booth
− Actor
− Southern
sympathizer
− Had wanted to kill
Lincoln and keep the
war going until the
South won
• Ford’s Theatre, Washington, DC
Assassination of Lincoln
• Robert E. Lee – Leader of the
Confederate Army
• Ulysses S. Grant – Leader of the Union
Army
• Lee surrendered to
Grant
• Brings the Civil
War to a close
• April 9, 1865
Lee’s Surrender at Appomattox
Court House