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Purple 3 • Sponsored by Henry Clay • Allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state • Allowed Maine to enter as a free state Missouri Compromise, 1820 • • Tariff of Abominations: resulted in higher tariffs In 1832, a lower tariff was passed − Still angered South Carolinians, led by John C. Calhoun − South Carolina declared the federal tariff null and void within its borders − Delegates to a special convention urged the state legislature to take military action and secede from the union if the federal government demanded customs duties − To prevent a civil war, Henry Clay proposed the Compromise Tariff of 1833 − The Government lowers the tariff and backs down Nullification Crisis, 1828 • • Tariff of Abominations: resulted in higher tariffs In 1832, a lower tariff was passed − Still angered South Carolinians, led by John C. Calhoun − South Carolina declared the federal tariff null and void within its borders − Delegates to a special convention urged the state legislature to take military action and secede from the union if the federal government demanded customs duties − To prevent a civil war, Henry Clay proposed the Compromise Tariff of 1833 − The Government lowers the tariff and backs down Nullification Crisis, 1828 • • • • • • Sponsored by Henry Clay Allowed California to enter the Union as a free state (pleased the North) The rest of the Southwest was left open to slavery, depending on a vote of the people (popular sovereignty) who settled there (pleased the South) Ended the slave trade in Washington, DC Allowed those owning slaves to keep them (pleased both sides) INCLUDED The Fugitive Slave Law − Required the return of escaped slaves to their owners (pleased the South, angered the North because they felt it was immoral) Compromise of 1850 Purple 3 • Allowed for Kansas and Nebraska to be organized on the basis of popular sovereignty − That is, the people would vote themselves to decide if they would be Free or Slave Kansas – Nebraska Act, 1854 • Senator from Kentucky • known as “The Great Compromiser” for his ability to smooth sectional conflict through balanced legislation • Sponsored the Missouri Compromise in 1820 • Admitted Missouri as a slave state • Admitted Maine as a free state Henry Clay • South Carolina Senator • Favored states’ rights • Led opposition in South Carolina to the protective Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) John C. Calhoun • Senator from Massachusetts • Known as “The Great Orator” • Worked to create compromises with the southern states that would delay the start of the Civil War Daniel Webster Purple 3 Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America • • • • • Roles Played by Significant Individuals During the Civil War • • • • • When the South seceded, Lincoln offered Lee the command of Union forces but Lee refused Resigned from the U.S. Army and returned to Virginia to serve with the Confederate forces In 1862, Lee was appointed to command the Army of Northern Virginia His battle strategies are admired to this day, but he was criticized for having a narrow strategy centered on his native Virginia He surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in 1865 Robert E. Lee • Congressional Medal of Honor recipient Commander of the Union Army September 1861; he was promoted as a general After a series of victories, including the capture of Vicksburg, Lincoln gave him command of the Union Army He created an overall plan concentrated on Sherman’s march through Georgia and his own assault on the Confederate Army in Virginia Grant accepted Lee’s surrender in 1865, ending the war. Ulysses S. Grant 16th President of the United States Abraham Lincoln • Born in Chile, South America Purple 3 • Served with the 54th Massachusetts Regiment (Union) during the Civil War • He was the first black soldier to receive the award − Reason for citation: when the 54th’s sergeant was shot down, this soldier grasped the flag, led the way to the parapet, and planted the colors there. When the troops fell back he brought the flag, under a fierce fire in which he was twice severely wounded William Carney Loyalty to local interests instead of national concerns In the United States, the differences between northern southern, and western areas increased throughout the early 1800s. Different cultures and business practices existed in the three sections of the country and these concerns often conflicted. Farming was the main livelihood of all three sections Sectionalism • Was a navy seaman in the Union Navy • Won the Medal of Honor for his distinguished service in the Civil War − Reason for citation: on board the U.S.S. Santiago de Cuba during the assault on Fort Fisher on January 15, 1865 − As one of a boat crew detailed to one of the generals on shore − Bazar bravely entered the fort in the assault and accompanied his party in carrying dispatches at the height of the battle − He was one of six men who entered the fort in the assault from the fleet Philip Bazar • • • • Firing on Fort Sumter Fort Sumter, South Carolina A federal fort in the Charleston Harbor Was fired upon by Rebel forces to begin the Civil War • April 12, 1861 • P.G.T. Beauregard, Confederate • Major Robert Anderson, Union Major Events of the Civil War Purple 3 • The Confederacy started to draft soldiers to meet the demand for the troops and the Union followed suit in 1863 • The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle of the war • Occurred in Maryland on September 17, 1862 • Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on September 23, following the Union victory at Antietam Battle of Antietam, 1862 • • • The North captured this strong hold to gain control of the Mississippi River and divided the Southern states. 75-day siege Northern Army led by Ulysses S. Grant • 1863 • July 1 – 3, 1863 • 92,000 Union troops fought 76,000 Confederate troops at Gettysburg, PA • The fate of the Confederacy was sealed on July 4, 1863 with Union victories at Gettysburg (turning back a Confederate invasion of the North) and Vicksburg (giving control of the Mississippi River to the Union) • The war continued for two more years as the South sought independence and Lincoln demanded union Battle of Gettysburg • • • • • • Siege of Vicksburg Changes the nature of the war No longer a war only to preserve (keep) the Union Now became a war to free the slaves The proclamation freed only the slaves in the rebelling territories Issued in September, 1862, after the Battle of Antietam Went into law January 1, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation Purple 3 • April 14, 1865 • Shot by John Wilkes Booth − Actor − Southern sympathizer − Had wanted to kill Lincoln and keep the war going until the South won • Ford’s Theatre, Washington, DC Assassination of Lincoln • Robert E. Lee – Leader of the Confederate Army • Ulysses S. Grant – Leader of the Union Army • Lee surrendered to Grant • Brings the Civil War to a close • April 9, 1865 Lee’s Surrender at Appomattox Court House