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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ___________________________ Hr: _____ Notes: Viruses and Bacteria What is a virus? Smaller than _______________ __________________ thing o Doesn’t have ____________________________________________________________ o Cannot ______________________ without ___________________________ Two main parts o _____________________________________________ o _____________________________________________ Virus Examples Bacteriophage o Tobacco Mosaic Virus o _____________ virus that infects ________________________________ _____________ virus that infects ___________________________________________ Influenza o ____________ virus o Types _______________________ Type ___ : _____________________________ Type ___ : _____________________________ Types __________________ are _____________________________ This is why there are new ____________________________ every year Type ___ : _____________________________ How do Viruses Reproduce? __________________ Cycle o _______________ host cell when cell ________________ to release ____________________________________ _______________________________ Cycle o Virus ___________ is integrated with _______________________________ o Virus remains __________________________ until later Prions ________________________ that causes an __________________________________________ Exist normally in cells, however ____________________ in genes that code for them cause ____________________________ What are bacteria? __________________ o No ________________________ o Do have ______________________________________________ Very few other __________________________________________________ 2 Kingdoms: ___________________________________________________ Shapes of bacteria _______________________ = round _______________________ = oval/rod shaped _______________________ = spiral Arrangement of Bacteria _______________ = paired _______________ = bunched _______________ = chain Uses of Bacteria _________________________ fixation o __________________________ o _______________ in humans o Other bacteria in other organisms _______________ o Change ____ from _________________________ form in environment into _________________ form ___________________________________________________________ Bioremediation o ________________________________ __________________ purification at _______________________________ treatment plants ________________________ Parts of Bacteria Ribosomes o Assemble ___________________________ into proteins – just like _____________________________ Plasma Membrane o Allows ___________________________________ to pass ______________________ of cell o _____________________________________ layer Cell Wall o Extra protection against ________________________________________ o Made of _____________________________________ o Located outside ______________________________________________________ Capsule o Not in all ________________________________ o Adds ____________________________________ o Helps bacteria __________________________________________________________________ o Made of _________________________ o Help bacteria ___________________________________________________________________ o Form a bridge to _____________________________________________________ between bacteria Pili (____________________________________) Flagella o Long, whip like ________________________ o Used for ___________________________________ Endospore o Outer covering that adds __________________________ during ________________________________ 1. Bacterium exposed to ___________________________________________________ 2. Coating forms around _______________________________________________________________ 3. Bacterium may ______________ 4. Conditions are ______________________ again = endospore _______________ and new bacterium ____________________________________ Reproduction _____________________________ (Asexual) o DNA ________________________________ o Original cell ____________________________________________ o Produces a __________________ of bacteria ____________________________ (Sexual) o Bacteria attach using _________________________________ o Chromosome is ________________________________ then ___________________________________ Obtaining Energy Heterotrophs o Use _________________________________________ to break down food then ____________________________________________ o ________________________: break down dead stuff Autotrophs o Use ___________________________________________ o _______________________________ Use ____________________________________________ Kingdoms of Bacteria Main difference = ___________________________________ Eubacteria o ________________________________ cell walls o All other parts of bacteria o ________________________ bacteria o Classified by ___________________________________ procedure Based on properties of _______________________________ Gram - ______________________ o _____________________ o _________ of cell wall made of _________________________________ Gram - ______________________ o _________________ o Only about __________ of cell wall is made of ___________________________ Archaebacteria o Cell _______________ have different ___________________ than eubacteria o Live in ________________________________________________ (______________________________) __________________________________ Die with __________________________ __________________________________ Thrive in _____________________________________ __________________________________ Give off ___________________________ Thrive in temps above ___________________________ ( ___________________________) __________________________________ Thrive in places with_________________________ ( ___________________________)