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Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise Final exercise Important Laws: 1) Complete oscillation includes four amplitudes. 2) Periodic time = 3) Frequency = 4) Frequency (f) = 5) Frequency × periodic time = 1 6) Wave velocity (v) = 7) Wave length = 8) Wave velocity (v) = Frequency (f) × wave length () Important units: 1) Amplitude metre (m) centimeter (cm) 2) Periodic time second (sec.) 3) Frequency Hertz (Hz) 4) Kilo Hertz = 103 Hz Mega Hertz = 106 Hz Giga Hertz = 109 Hz 5) Wave length metre (m) Millimeter (mill) = 10-3 metre 6) Wave velocity m/sec 1 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise Important graphs: 1) Relation between frequency and periodic time (inverse) frequency Periodic time 2) Relation between frequency and wave length (inverse) f 3) Relation between velocity (v) and frequency (f) (direct) v f 4) Relation between velocity (v) and wave length () Direct v 2 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise Important laws: 1) Sound frequency (f) = × number of gear’s teeth (n) Savart’s wheel is used to determine the frequency of an unknown tone. 2) Speed of rotation = 3) Inverse square law of sound I I : intensity of sound D: distance between that point and the sound source 4) The velocity of sound (v) = v= 5) The depth of sea Depth = velocity of ultra sonic waves × echo time D=v× Important graphs: 1) The relation between intensity of sound and distance square. Inverse – square law of sound I d2 3 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise 2) The relation between amplitude and intensity of sound. I Direct relation (Amp)2 3) Sound intensity is directly proportional to the density of medium which travels sounds. 4) When sound ray is incident perpendicular to a reflecting surface, it reflects itself because the angle of incidence = angle of reflection = zero Important laws: 1) Energy of photon = Planck's constant × frequency of photon 2) Absolute refractive index of medium = 4 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise Important drawing: (1) Regular reflection Irregular reflection Perpendicular to the reflecting surface (2) Reflection Angle of incidence Reflection surface Angle of reflection Point of incidence Angle of incidence (3) Light ray travels from: Medium (1) < medium (2) Air Lower than In optical density it refracts Glass - near the normal - angle of incidence is > angle of refraction Angle of reflection a greater than 5 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise (4) Light travels from: Medium (1) > medium (2) in greater than - optical density, it refracts far from the normal. angle of incidence is < angle of refraction less than Note: glass > water > Air in optical density (5) light ray falls perpendicular it pass the Air other medium without refraction Glass (6) Critical angle and total internal reflection Air Angle of reflection Air Water Angle of incidence less critical angle Refracted ray Critical angle Air Air 90 Total reflection Water Wat er Angle of incidence = critical angle 6 Angle of incidence > critical angle Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise Important graphs: (1) - relation between energy frequency of light wave Directly E F (2) I - inverse square law of light d2 (3) - Relation between angle of reflection & angle of incidence (Direct) Angle of reflection Angle of incidence 7 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise (3) Compare between: 1) Mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Mechanical Electromagnetic 1- They need medium to propagate. 2- They do not need medium to propagate. 2- They don’t propagate through vacuum (free space) 2- They propagate through vacuum (free space) 3- They are transverse waves or longitudinal waves. 3- They are all transverse waves. 4- Their speed is relatively low. Examples: sound waves (longitudinal) – water waves (transverse) 4- Their speed is great the speed of light = 3 × 108 m/sec Examples: light waves – radio waves (used in radars) 2) Transverse and Longitudinal waves Point of comparison 1- Definition 2- Composition 3- Examples transverse Longitudinal It is a disturbance in which the particles of medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. It is a disturbance in which the particles of medium vibrate along the direction of wave propagation. crests and troughs compressions and rarefactions water waves Sound waves 3) Oscillatory and wave motion Points of comparison Oscillatory Wave 1- Definition - it is the motion that is produced by oscillating body at the two sides of its original position. - It is the motion produced as a result of the vibration of the medium particles at a certain moment and in a definite direction. 2- Velocity - is maximum when the oscillating body passes its rest position. - is minimum when it goes far from its rest position. - the wave has a definite velocity along the direction of propagation. 8 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise 3- Examples - Pendulum motion - motion of spiral spring - sound waves as mechanical longitudinal wave. - light waves as electro-magnetic transverse waves. (2) Compare between: 1) Transparent, translucent and opaque medium. Transparent medium translucent medium opaque medium. - permits most light to pass trough - objects can be seen clearly through it. - Ex: Air – glass cup - permits only a part of light to pass through and absorb the remaining part. - objects can be seen through translucent medium less clearly than the transparent one. - Ex: tissue paper – flint glass - doesn’t permit light to pass through. -objects can’t be seen through opaque medium. - Ex: foil paper – milk – wood - cartoon 2) Regular and Irregular reflection Regular reflection Irregular reflection - light fall on smooth surface - incident light ray are reflected in one direction - light fall on rough refracting surface - incident light ray are reflected indifferent directions (scattering) Question (1) Complete the following: 1-Examples of the periodic motion are --------------- and ---------------2-oscillatory motion is -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3- The pots to be used inside the microwaves oven should be made of ---------------- or ----------------4-The ------------------ motion is considered the simplest form off oscillatory motion. 5- Properties of oscillatory motion are expressed in terms of many concepts like --------------------------------------, -------------------6-the measuring unit of amplitude is -----------------7- The maximum displacement achieved by oscillating body away from its point of rest is called -------------------- 9 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise 8-periodic time is --------------------------------------9-Periodic time = -------------- \ ----------10-Frequency = ---------------------- \ ------------------11-Frequency is measured in ------------------------12-Kilohertz = ---------------------- Hertz 13- Megahertz = --------------------Hertz 14-Gigahertz = ------------------------Hertz 15-Amplitude is ----------------------------------------------------------16-frequency is the ------------------------------ of periodic time. 17- Use your ruler to calculate the amplitude in the following figures: Amplitude = -------------------- Amplitude = -------------------- Amplitude = -------------------- 18-Periodic time is measured in --------------------------19- Frequency × periodic time = ---------------------------20-the ------------------- scientist ------------------- has declared the unit of frequency. 21- 3 Megahertz = ---------------------Hertz 22- 5 Hertz = --------------------- Kilohertz 23 - The movement of earth's crust during earthquakes is considered as ------------------------ motion. 10 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise Question (2) Solve the following problems: 1- Calculate the periodic time and frequency for an oscillating body that makes 300 complete oscillations in a half a minute. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 - in the opposite figure: What is the periodic time? ---------------------------------------------- 2 seconds 3- Calculate the frequency if: No. of complete oscillations = 40 in a time = 4 sec. ----------------------------------------------No. of complete oscillations = 30 in a time = 2 sec. ---------------------------------------------------4- If the max. Displacement done by the oscillating body away from its original position is 0.2 cm which is made in 0.5 second. Calculate its amplitude and the periodic time. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5-calculate the periodic time of an oscillating body which makes 240 oscillations in one minute. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise Question (3) Choose the correct answer: 1-The movement of molecules is considered a ---------- motion. (Oscillatory – wave – vibration) 2-Megahertz = ------------------ Hertz. (103 – 106 – 1012) 3-Periodic time is a reciprocal of -------------------(Amplitude – frequency – velocity) 4- (1) is the result of -----------------(F×T - F÷T - T÷F - T+F ) 5-the complete oscillation means that the oscillating body passes a single point -----------successive times. (Two – three – four) 6-Number of amplitudes in one complete oscillation are ----------------(Three – two – six) 7-If the periodic time equals 4 seconds, the frequency = ------------(0.35 – 0.25 – 0.45) 8-The number of complete oscillations that the oscillating body makes in one second is known as -------------------(Frequency – amplitude – wavelength) 9-Frequency is measured in --------------(Sec. – Newton – Hertz) 10-one of the following represents the oscillatory motion which is --------------(Tuning fork – stretched string – rotator bee) Question (4) on the next graph papers, represent the oscillating motion for: 1- Pendulum with max. Displacement = 3 cm making one complete oscillation. 2- Pendulum with max. Displacement = 4 cm making half oscillation. 12 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise Question (5) Define each of the following: 1- The periodic motion. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------2- The periodic time. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------3- The amplitude. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------4- The oscillatory motion. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------5- The complete oscillation. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------6- The frequency. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question (1) Write the scientific term: The waves that need materialistic medium in order to propagate. ( -------------------------------- ) The disturbance that propagates and transfers energy in the direction of propagation. ( -------------------------------- ) The movement resulting from the vibration of the medium particles at a certain moment in a 13 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise specific direction. ( -------------------------------- ) The disturbance which causes the particles of the medium to vibrate perpendicular to ( the direction of wave propagation. ) -------------------------------- ( -------------------------------- ) ( -------------------------------- ) ( -------------------------------- ) The waves that propagate through spac The highest point in the transverse wave. The lowest point in the transverse wave The point of highest density and pressure in the longitudinal wave. ( -------------------------------- ) The point of lowest density and pressure in the longitudinal wave. ( -------------------------------- ) The disturbance which causes the particles of the medium to vibrate along the ( direction of wave propagation. -------------------------------- ) The maximum displacement achieved by the particles of the medium away from ( their points of rest. -------------------------------- ) The distance between centers of 2 consecutive compressions or rarefactions. ( The distance covered in unit time. -------------------------------- ( ) -------------------------------- ) Question (2) put (√) or (×) with correction: 1-the propagation of concentric circles on the surface of water represents oscillatory motion. ( ) 2-when the tuning fork vibrates, the produced energy transferred in the form of sound waves. ( ) 3-wave is the disturbance that propagates and transfers energy against the direction of propagation. ( ) 4-the direction of progressing of the wave is known as amplitude. ( ) 5-in the longitudinal waves, the particles of medium vibrate perpendicular the direction of wave propagation. ( ) 6- Radio waves and sound waves are from examples of mechanical waves. ( ) 7-rarefaction is the point of lowest density and pressure in the longitudinal ( ) 14 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise 8-Nanometer = 10-6 meter. ( ) 9-the velocity of waves is constant in different media. ( ) Question (3) Complete the following: 1-waves are classified according to the direction of vibration of medium particles into -------------------------and --------------------------2-in the transverse waves, the particles of the medium vibrates ------------------ to the direction of wave propagation. 3- Electromagnetic waves have the advantage of propagation in space with a velocity equals ------------------4-From examples of the mechanical waves are ------------------, ------------------and --------------------5- Crest is the ----------- point in the transverse wave. 6-in the following figure; complete the labels the answer the questions: a) The figure represents --------------------- wave. b) The point of highest density and pressure is called -------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------- 7-Wavelength is measured by a symbol ------------------8-Infrared rays one of the ---------------------------waves. 9-velocity = ------------- \ --------------- and its unit is ----------------10-Rresonance is ------------------------------------------------------------11-transverse and longitudinal waves are examples of --------------------- waves. 15 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise Question (4) Solve the following problems: 1- If the distance covered by the wave in meters is 340, in a time taken equals 2 sec. Calculate the velocity of the wave. And in which medium does this wave move through? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2- If the frequency of a visible light wave = 6×108 Megahertz .calculate the frequency in Hertz. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3- The velocity of the propagation of a sound wave though wood is 1800 m/sec. find the frequency of the sound source if the wavelength of the produced wave is 6m. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4- If the frequency of a sound wave in air is 660 Hertz, and the distance between the centers of the second and the seventh compression is 2.5 meters, calculate the velocity of the sound through air. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question (5) Compare between each of the following: 16 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise Point of comparison Point of comparison Transverse wave Oscillatory motion Longitudinal wave Wave motion Question (6) Define each of the following: 1- Wave frequency. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2- Transverse wave. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3- The wavelength of the transverse wave. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4- The amplitude of the wave. 17 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5- The compression. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6- The troug --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7- The wave velocity. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8- The rarefaction. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9- Longitudinal wave. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10- The crest. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11- Wave motion. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12- The wave. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Question (1): Complete the following: 1-light waves are …………………………… transverse waves which can travel through free space with velocity = …………………………. . 2-light waves are formed from ………………………………… and …………………………….. 3-wavelengths of the visible light ranging between …………………………and……………………… 18 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise 4-the first Arabic scientist who established the science of light is ……………………………………… 5-The main source of light energy on earth's surface is ……………………… 6-white light consists of a mixture of ………. Colors which are known as …………..……………… 7-rainbow colors are arranged in order as …..………….. , ……..……... , …..………… , ………….... ,……………… , ………..……… , …………..……. . 8-the longest wavelength is for the ………….. color of the spectrum seven colors. 9-The German scientist …………………… proved that the energy of light waves is composed of energy quanta known as ………………………. 10-Photon energy = plank's constant × ………………………… 11-Objects can't be seen behind the ……………………. medium. 12-Examples of the transparent medium …………………. , …………………. and …………………….. 13-Opaque objects such as …………………….. , ……………………. and ……………………… 14-Light travels in ……………………. lines. 15-Light intensity of a surface ………………………. as the distance between the surface and the light source increase. 16-Spectrum colors starts with ……………….. color and ends with ………………….. color. Question (2): Put (√) or (×): 1-Light waves are formed from compressions and rarefactions. ( 2-Faraday is the first scientist who explained how vision occurs. ) ( ) 3-when the white light falls on a glass prism it reflects. 4-the lowest frequent color of the spectrum colors is the red. 5-orange color locates between green and indigo colors. ( ( ) ) ( ) 6-the energy of the photon is inversely proportional to the frequency of the light wave. ( ) 19 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise 7-By increasing the thickness of the transparent medium, the quantity of light that passes through is increases. ( ) 8-tissue paper is an example of translucent medium. 9-Light travels in zigzag lines. ( ( ) ) Question (3): Write the scientific term for each of the following: 1) The medium in which most of light can pass through. (……………………………….) 2) One of the components of electromagnetic spectrum of wavelength ranges between 380 – 700 nanometers. (……………………………….) 3) A structure used to separate the white light into seven spectrum colors.(……………………………….) 4) The quantity of light falling perpendicular to a unit area of a surface in one second. (……………………………….) Question (4): Mention the properties of light: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Question (5): Define the following: 1-Light. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2-the speed of light. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-the visible light. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4-Analysis of white light. ……………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………….. 5-transparent medium. .......................................................................................................................................... 6-translucent (semi-transparent) medium. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7-Opaque medium. 20 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8-Light intensity. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-The inverse square law of light. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Question (1): Write the scientific term: 1- The rebounding of light waves in the same medium on meeting a reflecting surface. (………………………………..) 2-the reflection of light rays when they meet a smooth surface and glistening reflecting surface. (………………………………..) 3-the reflection of light rays in which the incident light rays are reflected in different directions. (………………………………..) 4-A type of reflection takes place on a dirty plane mirror. (………………………………..) 5-the angle between the reflected light ray and the line perpendicular to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence. (………………………………..) 6-the narrow beam which is represented by a straight line, it intersects with reflecting surface at the point of incidence. (………………………………..) 7-the change of light path when it travels from a transparent medium to another. (………………………………..) 8-The ratio between the absolute refractive index of a medium to the absolute refractive index of another medium. (………………………………..) Question (2): Complete the following: 1-The surface at which the reflection takes place is called ………..………… 2-there are two types of reflection they are ……………………………….. and …………………………….. 21 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise 3-Examples of the smooth surfaces are ………………………. and ……………………..while for rough surfaces …………………….and……………………….. 4-the second law of light reflection is ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5-if the angle between the reflected light ray and the perpendicular to the reflecting surface is 35˚, the incidence angle is …………………… 6- Periscope is used in ……………………………………………………………………………… 7-Optical fibers are used in medicine as they are used in manufacture of ………………………………………………. 8-the distance between the earth and the moon can be estimated by ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9-As optical density of the medium increases the speed of light through it …………………………. 10-the angle of refraction is ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11-The ratio between the velocity of light through air to the velocity of light through another transparent medium is known as ………………………………………. 12-Optical fibers transmit light by ……………… internal reflection. Question (3): What is meant by each of the following? 1-The reflected light ray. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2-Angle of incidence. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3-light reflection. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 4-Optical density of the medium. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5-angle of emergence=60˚. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6-The absolute refractive index of glass is 1.5 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7-Total internal reflection. 22 Ms. Marim Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… 8-Mirage phenomenon. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9-Rainbow. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Question (4): Correct the underline words: 1-If the refractive index of a medium is low; this means that its optical density is high. {………………………………..} 2-By increasing the angle of incidence gradually, the angle of refraction will be constant. {………………………………..} 3-The critical angle is the angle of reflection of a light ray. 4-Mirage is a natural phenomenon that takes place in water. {………………………………..} {………………………………..} Question (5): Mention the natural phenomena that are related to reflection and reflection of light: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… My Best Wishes, 23 Ms. Marim