Download CLASSIFICATION

The History of Classification
Taxonomy
The study of ____________________ involves assigning each organism a universally
_________________ name. For example, humans are known as ______________ _____________ to
every scientist in the _________________! The science of taxonomy involves the classification of
organisms according to ___________________ relationships. Historically, organisms were
classified based on ______________________ similarities and differences.
Taxonomic Categories
Organisms are hierarchically classified into ___________________ specific groupings. The seven
basic taxonomic categories are: ____________________, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus
and __________________; kingdom being the _______________ category, and species being the
most __________________.
Carolus Linnaeus
The original classification system came from __________________ who used two categories
______________________ and ________________________. Linnaeus was the founder of
taxonomy. Today, biologists still use this basic system of classification, but advances in the
fields of genetics and ________________ theory has resulted in some of Linnaeus’ original
categories being _______________ to better reflect the relationships among organisms.
Classification
Getting it Straight – So what does all this mean?
Aristotle began a simple _____________________________ system by grouping organisms
into ____ main groups: ________________________ and ___________________________. These
groups were called kingdoms.
Can you think of any problems with this classification system? ________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
People realized this problem. As a result, ________________________ systems are always
________________________ as we learn more about organisms. A scientist by the name of
Carrolus Linnaeus developed the basis for today’s ____________________ classification system.
Seven Level Classification System:
“King P
C
O
F
G
S
”
1) __________________________: Largest group, contains ________ number of
organisms
2) ___________________________
3) ___________________________
4) ___________________________
5) ___________________________
6) ___________________________
7) ___________________________: Organisms so closely related that they can
__________________ and have _________________ offspring;
_______________ group, contains ________________ number of organisms
Kingdoms of Life
1. __________________: (bacteria) includes single-celled prokaryotic organisms. Divided into 2 kingdoms
(archaebacteria and eubacteria)
2. ___________________ : includes single-celled eukaryotic algae, paramecium, euglenas, amoebas
3. ___________________: Includes eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic molds, yeast, and mushrooms
4. ___________________: Includes eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic organisms like moss, ferns, trees,
and flowers
5. ___________________:
Domain
Bacteria
Includes
eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms
Archaea
Eukarya such as mammals,
insects, fish, and worms.
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Archae bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Cell Type
Prokayrote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Cell Structure
Cell wall
Cell wall
Mixed
Cell wall
Cell wall, cellulose
NO cell wall
Body Form
Unicellular
Unicellular
Mostly unicellular
Both
Multicellular
Multicellular
Nutrition
Autotroph &
Heterotroph
Autotroph &
Heterotroph
Autotroph &
Heterotroph
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Applying Linnaeus’ Classification System…
Binomial Nomenclature (_______________________ _________________)
Binomial nomenclature is _____________________________________________________________________. This system
was developed to prevent confusion when identifying animals and plants. The two parts of the name consists
of the last two parts of Linnaeus’s system. This is __________________ and ________________________. The
language used is ____________________________, because it is a universal language. The rules are simple.
1. ___________________ name first, then ____________________ name.
2. _____________________ the genus name.
3. Write in _______________.
Examples: Dendrobates azureus
Species name = ___________________
Genus name = _____________________
Grizzly Bear | Ursus arctos
Sarcorhamphus papa
Species name = ___________________
Genus name = _____________________
Polar Bear | Ursus maritimus
Panda | Ailuropoda melanoleuca
1. What is the genus of the Grizzly Bear? ________________
2. What is the species of the Polar Bear? ________________
3. Which two are most closely related? ________________________ 4. Why? _______________________________________________
5. Which have a more recent common ancestor? Why? _________________________________________________________________
6. Which organism would be most closely related to the panda bear?
a) Ailurus fulgens
b) Ailuropoda rufus
c) Panthera rigus
d) Ursus arctos