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Ecology Glossary
Word
Definition
Both organisms
benefit
Parasitism Helps one organism
hurts the other
Mutualism
One animal eats the
other
Predation
Helps one organism,
the other organism
Comisn’t affect one way
mensalism
or another
Make their own
Producer
food Ex: Plants
Decomposers
Competition
Consume dead
organisms
Ex: Bacteria, Worms
Many species
fighting over the
same resources
Picture
Consumers
Secondary
Consumer
Primary
Consumer
Have to eat (or
consume) to get
their nutrition
Eat other consumers;
Carnivores and
Omnivores
Eat Plants;
Herbivores
Shows the feeding
relationships in a
community
Food Web The arrows follow
the flow of energy
not what eats what
Shows the relative
amount of energy
available at each
Energy
level
Only about 10% of
Pyramid
the energy goes to
the next level
All non-living
chemical and
Abiotic
physical factors in
the environment.
Moisture.
The Big 7
Temperature.
Wind.
Abiotic
Light.
Factors
Soil.
Nutrients
A process that
converts carbon
dioxide into organic
Photocompounds,
synthesis
especially sugars,
using the energy
from sunlight.
Wind.
Plants can
Water.
disperse
Animal.
Tension.
seeds by:
Fire.
The continuous
The Water movement of water
on, above, and
Cycle
below the surface of
the earth
The circulation of
The
carbon from the
atmosphere into
Carbon
organisms (biotic)
Cycle
and back again
(abiotic).
The circulation of
nitrogen; nitrates
from the soil,
The
absorbed by plants,
Nitrogen
eaten by animals
that die and decay
Cycle
returning the
nitrogen back to the
soil.
Organism with
unique DNA and
Individual
cells
Groups of similar
individuals who tend
Population to mate with each
other in a limited
geographic area.
The relationships of
populations with
Ecosystem
each other and their
environment.
The relationships
Community between groups of
populations.
Biome
A regional ecosystem
characterized by
distinct types of
vegetation, animals
The part of the earth
and its atmosphere
Biosphere
in which living
organisms exist.
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
consists of
Ecosphere
…
Hydrosphere
A place an organism
Habitat
lives.
Biosphere
Air.
Needs of
Water.
an
Food.
Shelter.
organism
Space.
The place or
function of a given
Niche
organism within its
ecosystem.
An organism that
Predator
lives by preying on
other organisms.
An adaptation that
allows the animal to
Camouflage
blend in with its
environment to
avoid being detected
The resemblance of
Mimicry an animal species to
another species or to
natural objects
A long term
Symbiosis relationship between
two or more
different species.
Energy on our planet
Sun
comes from this
The process whereby
Bio
an increasing
amount of pollutants
Accuare concentrated in
mulation
the cells of plants
and animals
Bio
When contaminants
increase at each step
Magof the food chain
nification
Pyramid of
Biomass
The total mass
(quantity) at each
level trophic level.
Pyramid of The total numbers of
numbers
Prey
individuals at each
level.
An animal hunted
for food.
Feeds on Dead
Detritivore plants; decomposer