Download Worksheet 66 (Practice Exam 6)

Leader: Hannah
Course: BIOL 211 (2)
Instructor: Dr. Waldman
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Date: 05/03/15
1.) Which of the following statements is an example of behavior at the proximate level?
a. You stumble and fall off a cliff
b. Spiny lobsters navigate home before dawn so that predators that hunt by sight
cannot find them
c. Workers within an ant colony tend to the needs of the queen
d. A startled penguin has increased neural activity leading to spasms in the sphincter
muscles, which results in the release of stool
Practice Exam 6 (Final)
Worksheet 6.6
2.) Which of the following statements is true of flexible behaviors rather than fixed action
patterns (FAPs)?
a. There is little variation in how they are performed
b. Once it begins, the sequence of actions continues to completion
c. They are set responses to a specific stimulus
d. Different individuals perform the behavior differently
3.) Which of the following statements about white-fronted bee-eaters most strongly
suggests that they use optimal foraging?
a. Individuals that search for food farther from the colony stay away longer and
return with more insects
b. They are colonial
c. Each pair defends a specific foraging territory
d. Individuals that search for food closer to the colony stay away longer
4.) There are several methods animals use to orient themselves as they migrate, including
the north start, magnetic fields, and piloting. What is piloting?
a. Piloting only occurs in aquatic organisms
b. Piloting is when one animal leads the way, and others follow
c. Piloting is when the animal remembers specific landmarks that help orient its
movements during migration
d. Piloting enables animals to find their way when they have never traveled the
migration route before
5.) A behavior that has a fitness cost to the individual exhibiting the behavior and a fitness
benefit to the recipient of the behavior is termed _____________.
a. Altruism
b. Coefficient of relatedness
c. Hamilton’s rule
d. Sexual selection
6.) A driver stops to help another, unknown motorist change a flat tire. This may be an
example of _____________.
a. Hamilton’s rule
b. Reciprocal altruism
c. Kin selection
d. Inclusive fitness
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7.) According to Hamilton’s rule, when is altruistic behavior favored?
a. When the benefits, coefficient of relatedness, and the cost are high
b. When the benefits and coefficient of relatedness are high but the cost is low
c. When the benefits, coefficient of relatedness, and the cost are low
d. None of the above
8.) What type of fitness is derived from helping your relatives produce more offspring?
a. Inclusive fitness
b. Direct fitness
c. Indirect fitness
d. Non-inclusive fitness
9.) Which of the following would be an example of deceitful communication to a member
of the same species?
a. Honeybees perform a waggle dance to indicate the location of a food source
b. Some toxic butterflies have bright, distinctive wing patterns to deter predation by
birds and other predators
c. Predatory fireflies mimic the pattern of flashes given by females of other species
to lure in males to eat
d. Some male bluegill sunfish mimic females to fertilize eggs in other males’
territories
10.) A population is a _______________.
a. Group of individuals from different species that live in the same area at the same
time
b. Vast region that has a combination of plant and animal species living in a distinct
climate
c. Group of individuals that are able to interbreed and produce viable offspring
d. Group of individuals from the same species that live in the same area at the same
time
11.) What is the trade-off between life expectancy and fecundity?
a. If there were a larger sample size, there would not be such a relationship
b. Birds that lay many eggs tend to survive best to the following year
c. Investing in reproduction is healthy
d. An organism has a finite amount of resources. Investing more resources in
reproduction means fewer resources available for survival
12.) What is the difference between logistic and exponential growth model predictions when
population numbers become high?
a. Logistic models do not change the shape of their curve, but exponential models
flatten out or even decline
b. The exponential model includes the effects of perturbations but the logistic model
does not
c. Both models are the same at low population densities but when densities are high
the logistic model reduces or stops its growth, whereas the exponential ignores
density
d. Both logistic and exponential models respond to the approaching carrying
capacity by reducing their growth rate, but logistic models reduce the growth rate
more
13.) A carp has a large number of offspring, but predators eat many of them during the first
year of life. Once they survive to maturity, they have few predators. What type of
survivorship curve does a carp have and why?
a. Type III, because carp have a steady survivorship
b. Type II, because carp have a high survivorship initially that declines at the end of
their life
c. Type III, because carp have a low survivorship initially but a high survivorship
once they have matured
d. Type II, because carp have a stead survivorship throughout their life
14.) Which of the following statements about exponential growth is true?
a. Exponential population growth will slow as the population reaches the carrying
capacity
b. In reality, it is not possible for population growth to continue indefinitely
c. Exponential growth does not add more individuals as N gets larger
d. Exponential growth depends on the number of individuals (N) in the population
15.) Which of the following is an example of a density independent factor?
a. Predation
b. Competition
c. Parasites
d. Environmental disasters
16.) What are population dynamics?
a. Regular fluctuations in the population size of some animals
b. The proportion of individuals at each possible age
c. The number of individuals in a population born each year
d. Changes in populations through time and space
17.) Why can metapopulations remain stable over time even if some subpopulations go
extinct?
a. Other subpopulations can exceed K, their carrying capacity, to make up for the
localized extinctions
b. Migration from other subpopulations can reestablish formerly extinct
subpopulations
c. Human fragmentation of large habitats into smaller, isolate habitats will create
new habitats for the species
d. The species can re-evolve in the empty habitat patch from closely related species
already present in the habitat
18.) Which of the following is NOT a type of dispersal pattern seen in populations?
a. Clumped
b. Uniform
c. Random
d. All of the above are dispersal patterns
19.) Which populations would be most likely to experience exponential growth?
a. A population living in a habitat with a low carrying capacity
b. A population with a large number of individuals
c. A young population with few individuals
d. A population living in a habitat with limited resources
20.) Referencing the graph below, which type of curve are humans characterized by?
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type I and II
21.) Which interaction belongs in the +/- category of interactions between species?
a. Mutualism
b. Pollination
c. Commensalism
d. Parasitism
22.) Which of the following would you predict for a species of barnacle if defense are
inducible?
a. Shell thickness remains the same and attachment strength increases in areas of
high predation
b. Shell thickness increases and attachment strength remains the same in areas of
high predation
c. Shell thickness decreases and attachment strength remains the same in areas of
high predation
d. Shell thickness and attachment strength increase in areas of high predation
23.) You notice interaction between two species. Removal of either species results in
decreased fitness of the other species. What kind of interaction do these species normally
have?
a. Competition
b. Mutualism
c. Consumption
d. Commensalism
24.) What is an example of Müllerian mimicry?
a. Many different species of stinging wasps look very similar, with black-and
yellow-banded bodies
b. Certain vegetation species of Australian possums look very much like vegetarian
squirrels or lemurs
c. The harmless bee fly looks very much like a stinging wasp
d. Some frogfish look extremely similar to sponges, corals, or algae & therefore
difficult to spot
25.) Which event would be considered primary succession?
a. Following a succession event, a specific sequence of species begins to appear
b. The logging of an area leaves only the soil
c. A landslide causes the removal of the soil and the organisms that live in the area,
leaving rock exposed
d. A flood removes all of the mammals from an area
26.) When sea otters became extremely rare on the California coast, their usual prey (sea
urchins) became overabundant and consumed most of the kelp that was the principal
habitat for a diversity of fishes and invertebrates. Which statement best describes this
situation?
a. Sea urchins are keystone species
b. Sea urchins are parasitic on kelp
c. This is an example of mutualism between sea urchins and sea otters
d. Sea otters are keystone species
27.) What is the term for the total environmental space in which a species can exist?
a. Realized niche
b. Fundamental niche
c. Niche differentiation
d. Niche overlap
28.) After succession, an early arriving species can create favorable conditions for a later
arriving species. What is this called?
a. Inhibition
b. Tolerance
c. Facilitation
d. None of the above
29.) All else being equal, which island is expected to have a lower species richness?
a. Smaller and remote islands
b. Larger and remote islands
c. Larger and islands close to the mainland
d. Smaller and islands close to the mainland
30.) As your latitude increases (go towards the poles), species richness and diversity
____________.
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Stays the same
d. Depends on if you go toward the north or south pole
31.) How does NPP differ from GPP?
a. NPP is dependent on climate, whereas GPP is an intrinsic attribute of the species
producing energy
b. NPP is the amount of productivity available for decomposers
c. NPP is the amount of energy available at each trophic level, whereas GPP is the
sum of all the NPPs
d. NPP is the amount available for primary consumers, whereas GPP is the amount
produced by plants and other producers
32.) Where is NPP highest per unit area?
a. Coral reefs and algal blooms
b. Open oceans
c. Tropical forests
d. Deserts
33.) Where is the total NPP the highest?
a. Coral reefs and algal blooms
b. Open oceans
c. Tropical forests
d. Deserts
34.) What is it called with certain molecules increase in concentration as they are transferred
between trophic levels?
a. Top-down control
b. Trophic cascade
c. Biomagnification
d. None of the above
35.) If primary producers contain 1000 calories, how much energy would be available for a
tertiary consumer?
a. 1 calorie
b. 10 calories
c. 100 calories
d. 1000 calories
36.) True or False: Energy availability decreases with higher trophic levels.
37.) Why are changes in the global carbon cycle important?
a. The global carbon cycle is the only factor affecting Earth’s climate
b. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas
c. Less atmospheric carbon means that there are less fossil fuels available
d. More atmospheric carbon dioxide means that there is less carbon available for the
growth of terrestrial plants
38.) Which of the following is the biggest biodiversity threat to terrestrial organisms?
a. Pollution
b. Overexploitation
c. Habitat loss
d. None of the above
39.) Humans are causing species extinctions. Which taxonomic group has the highest
percentage of threatened species?
a. Mammals
b. Amphibians
c. Birds
d. All of these groups have similar percentages of threatened species
40.) Which of the following statements is true of conservation hotspots?
a. They contain high numbers of endemic species per unit area
b. They are called hotspots because they are disproportionately impacted by global
warming
c. They are extremely high in species richness
d. They are found mostly in the interior of continents
41.) Which is true of the 6th mass extinction?
a. Humans don’t have a role in this extinction
b. Invasive species are the only ones to blame for this extinction
c. Extinction rates are faster than before and faster than background extinction
d. There is no 6th mass extinction
42.) Which of the following is NOT a threat to biodiversity?
a. Invasive species
b. Habitat destruction and fragmentation
c. Climate change
d. All of the above are threats to biodiversity
43.) What is the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem productivity?
a. Because productivity is increased with higher biodiversity, there will be pressure
to evolve new species in areas where biodiversity is low
b. Decreased biodiversity increases productivity
c. Sometimes biodiversity increases productivity, and sometimes it decreases it
d. Increased biodiversity increases productivity