Download Practice Exam 6 - Iowa State University

Practice Exam 6 (Unit 6)
Worksheet 6.5
Leader:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Hannah
BIOL 211 (2)
Dr. Waldman
04/28/16
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Chapter 53:
1.) For the following statements, identify if it is proximate or ultimate causation, OR nature
or nurture.
a. Researcher wants to study why females prefer one male’s song to others.
b. Researcher wants to study what hormones are responsible in bird courtship
behavior.
c. Researcher wants to study how crickets produce sound.
d. Researcher wants to study why some animals emit alarm calls.
2.) Which of the following statements is true of flexible behaviors rather than fixed action
patterns (FAPs)?
a. There is little variation in how they are performed
b. Once it begins, the sequence of actions continues to completion
c. They are set responses to a specific stimulus
d. They are behaviors affected by learning
3.) What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
4.) Briefly describe what happens during optimal foraging.
5.) __________ _______________ control mating behavior.
6.) Why do animals migrate? How do they navigate during migration?
7.) ___________________ communication can be used to trick another species or even
your own species.
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8.) A behavior that has a fitness cost to the individual exhibiting the behavior and a fitness
benefit to the recipient of the behavior is termed _____________.
a. Altruism
b. Coefficient of relatedness
c. Hamilton’s rule
d. Sexual selection
9.) According to Hamilton’s rule, when is altruistic behavior favored?
a. When the benefits, coefficient of relatedness, and the cost are high
b. When the benefits and coefficient of relatedness are high but the cost is low
c. When the benefits, coefficient of relatedness, and the cost are low
d. None of the above
10.) What type of fitness is derived from helping your relatives produce more offspring?
a. Inclusive fitness
b. Direct fitness
c. Indirect fitness
d. Non-inclusive fitness
Chapter 54:
11.) Birth & immigration lead to population _____________ while death and emigration lead
to a population ________________.
12.) Referencing the graph below, which type of curve are humans characterized by?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type I and II
13.) A carp has a large number of offspring, but predators eat many of them during the first
year of life. Once they survive to maturity, they have few predators. What type of
survivorship curve does a carp have and why?
a. Type III, because carp have a steady survivorship
b. Type II, because carp have a high survivorship initially that declines at the end of
their life
c. Type III, because carp have a low survivorship initially but a high survivorship
once they have matured
d. Type II, because carp have a stead survivorship throughout their life
14.) What is a fitness trade-off? What do they relate to?
15.) How do logistic and exponential growths differ? Draw graphs for both.
16.) Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor?
a. Predation
b. Competition
c. Parasites
d. Environmental disasters
17.) What are population cycles?
a. Regular fluctuations in the population size of some animals
b. The proportion of individuals at each possible age
c. The number of individuals in a population born each year
d. Changes in populations through time and space
Chapter 55:
18.) For the following statements, identify the type of species interaction (commensalism,
competition, consumption, or mutualism).
a. A lamprey attaches to a fish and uses it as a food source.
b. Cattle egrets forage in fields where cattle stir up insects as they graze.
c. Small fish clean sharks and hippos so they get food while the larger animals get
parasite removal.
d. Two wolves fight over a dead deer carcass.
e. Two species of birds (one diurnal, one nocturnal) eat the same food source.
19.) What is stated in the competitive exclusion principle? In what ways does natural
selection avoid competition (niche overlap)?
20.) Wolves used to live in Iowa until humans arrived and killed them off/drove them out.
What kind of niche is Iowa to wolves?
a. Realized niche
b. Fundamental niche
c. Niche differentiation
d. Niche overlap
21.) Which of the following is an inducible defense?
a. Toxins found in poisonous dart frogs
b. Cryptic coloration seen in flounders
c. Increased shell thickness & adhesion in mussels in predator presence
d. Weapons, such as thorns on a cactus
22.) What is the difference between Batesian and Müllerian mimicry?
23.) When sea otters became extremely rare on the California coast, their usual prey (sea
urchins) became overabundant and consumed most of the kelp that was the principal
habitat for a diversity of fishes and invertebrates. Which statement best describes this
situation?
a. Sea urchins are keystone species
b. Sea urchins are parasitic on kelp
c. This is an example of mutualism between sea urchins and sea otters
d. Sea otters are keystone species
24.) Compare primary and secondary succession.
25.) After succession, an early arriving species can create favorable conditions for a later
arriving species. What is this called?
a. Inhibition
b. Tolerance
c. Facilitation
d. None of the above
26.) For the image below, which species has the highest species richness? Species diversity?
27.) What are the 3 factors that species richness and diversity depend on?
Chapter 56:
28.) ________________ _________________ convert energy to chemical energy, which
supports all other living organisms.
29.) What are GPP and NPP? What are they used to measure?
30.) True or False: Food chains are more accurate than food webs.
31.) If primary producers contain 1000 calories, how much energy would be available for a
tertiary consumer?
a. 1 calorie
b. 10 calories
c. 100 calories
d. 1000 calories
32.) What is it called when certain molecules increase in concentration as they are transferred
between trophic levels?
a. Top-down control
b. Trophic cascade
c. Biomagnification
d. None of the above
33.) Where is NPP highest per unit area?
a. Coral reefs and algal blooms
b. Open oceans
c. Tropical forests
d. Deserts
34.) Where is the total NPP the highest?
a. Coral reefs and algal blooms
b. Open oceans
c. Tropical forests
d. Deserts
35.) Why are changes in the global carbon cycle important?
a. The global carbon cycle is the only factor affecting Earth’s climate
b. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas
c. Less atmospheric carbon means that there are less fossil fuels available
d. More atmospheric carbon dioxide means that there is less carbon available for the
growth of terrestrial plants
Chapter 57:
36.) Biodiversity is measured in species ________________ & __________________.
37.) Which of the following statements is true of biodiversity hotspots?
a. They contain high numbers of endemic species per unit area
b. They are called hotspots because they are disproportionately impacted by global
warming
c. They are extremely high in species richness
d. They are found mostly in the interior of continents
38.) Which is true of the 6th mass extinction?
a. Humans don’t have a role in this extinction
b. Invasive species are the only ones to blame for this extinction
c. Extinction rates are faster than before and faster than background extinction
d. There is no 6th mass extinction
39.) Humans are causing species extinctions. Which taxonomic group has the highest
percentage of threatened species?
a. Mammals
b. Amphibians
c. Birds
d. All of these groups have similar percentages of threatened species
40.) Which of the following is the biggest biodiversity threat to terrestrial organisms?
a. Pollution
b. Overexploitation
c. Habitat loss
d. None of the above
41.) Which of the following is NOT a threat to biodiversity?
a. Invasive species
b. Habitat destruction and fragmentation
c. Climate change
d. All of the above are threats to biodiversity
42.) What are some economic and social benefits that biodiversity provides?