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Chapters 4 and 5: Populations and Conservation Study Guide
1. Eventually, the numbers of an organism in the environment levels off so that the rate of birth equals the rate of death.
What is this nearly constant number of organisms called?
CARRYING CAPACITY
2. What type of growth is represented by the J-shaped curve shown below? EXPONENTIAL
i.
3. An experiment is conducted in which animals from the same species are introduced into an environment. By accident,
too many of the animals are introduced, exceeding the carrying capacity of the environment. What would happen?
THE POPULATION WOULD DECREASE UNTIL IT REACHED
CARRYING CAPACITY
4.
THE POPULATION INCREASED THEN LEVELED OFF
WHEN IT REACHED CARRYING CAPACITY
What does the line graph below show?
a.
5. In analyzing the age structure of a population, you discover that an extraordinarily high percentage of the population
is younger than the age of reproductive maturity. What type of growth will the population probably experience in the
future? RAPID GROWTH
6. What happens to a population at zero population growth?
7.
BIRTH RATE=DEATH RATE
What is population density? Give an Example. NUMBER
(NUMBER OF RABBITS IN AVON)
OF INDIVIDUALS PER UNIT AREA
8. Density, distribution, and growth rate are characteristics used to classify what? POPULATIONS
9. On twenty acres of native forest there are eight white-tailed deer and 231 rabbits. Which population has the highest
density? RABBITS
10. Young adult male chimpanzees look for mates outside their own population. The males then take the females back to
their group. In the females’ original population, is immigration (move in) or emigration (move out) occurring?
EMIGRATION
11. A population’s emigration in one month totaled three individuals. During the same period, immigration was 17
individuals. Natality (birth rate) was 12, and mortality was 26 due to a parasite infection. What was the net effect on
the population size?
IMMIGRATION-EMIGRATION: 17-3= 14 , BIRTH RATE-DEATH RATE: 12-26= -14 Net effect: 14+ -14 = 0
12. What are the logistic model of population growth and the exponential model? How are they different?
LOGISTIC (S-CURVE) - GROWTH UNTIL IT REACHES CARRYING
CAPACITY (SEE Q 28)
EXPONENTIAL- (J-CURVE) IS UNLIMITED (SEE Q 2)
13. Which kind of population uses the most resources per individual?
INDUSTRIALLY DEVELOPED
14. Give an example of the direct economic $$$$ value of biodiversity?
PLANTS PROVIDE FOOD AND MEDICINE
15. A habitat that has many species has a high level of __________.
BIODIVERSITY
16. What is Habitat Fragmentation and what causes it?
WHEN AN ECOSYSTEM IS BROKEN UP INTO SMALLER PARTS AS A RESULT OF
HUMAN ACTIVITY, SUCH AS BUILDING A ROAD THROUGH A FOREST.
17. Which human activity has probably contributed most to the acidification of lakes in forests?
BURNING FOSSIL FUELS
18. What is the definition of extinction?
LAST MEMBER OF A SPECIES DIES AND ALL MEMBERS OF A SPECIES
DISAPPEAR
19. From Table 5-1, which species has the highest average population size?
IGNORE THIS QUESTION!!!! TYPO 
20. What would make a species most likely to face the greatest chance of extinction?
WHEN THEIR NUMBERS ARE LOW DUE TO FACTORS SUCH AS HABITAT
DESTRUCTION
21. If two rain forests are compared how would you tell which one has greatest biodiversity?
THE ONE WITH THE GREATEST NUMBER OF DIFFERENT SPECIES
a.
Figure 5-3
22. What effect did the loss of species B have on species A and D in Figure 5-3?
THEY DECREASED
23. Examine the graph in Figure 5-3. Which species were not affected by the loss of species B?
C
24. When can resources be considered renewable?
SUSTAINABLE USE OF WOOD, WATER, FUEL, FOOD SOURCES,
ETC.
25. What practices can help conserve an area’s biodiversity?
SUSTAINABLE USAGE
26. Describe human population growth rate throughout history.
RELATIVELY STABLE BUT HAS INCREASED GREATLY IN
RECENT HISTORY
27. How can the sustainable use of natural resources conserve an area’s biodiversity?
REPLACES WHAT IS USED
28. Use the following graph to answer questions a-c. SHORT ANSWER ON TEST
LOGISTIC
Identify the number of the carrying capacity of this population. 10,000
a. Identify the type of growth represented by the graph.
b.
c. Circle the time period where the graph resembles the exponential population growth graph.
WHERE IT LOOKS LIKE A J CURVE)
29.Contrast density-dependent and density-independent factors. Provide examples with your answer. DENSITY-
DEPENDENT FACTORS INCREASES AS POPULATION DENSITY INCREASES, FOR
EXAMPLE, THE EFFECT OF A DISEASE
DENSITY-INDEPENDENT A TORNADO OR DROUGHT WILL EFFECT A
POPULATION, REGARDLESS OF THE POPULATION SIZE IN AN AREA.
30.Why can exotic or introduced species (like Zebra Mussels) be a problem in conservation biology?
THEY MAY HAVE NO NATURAL PREDATORS IN THE AREA, AND
GROW OUT OF CONTROL. THEY CAN ALSO BE EFFECTIVE
PREDATORS THAT THREATEN OTHER NATIVE SPECIES WITH
EXTINCTION.
28.