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Final Exam Review B 2010-2011 Names_____________miranda______________________________ Chapter(s) Key Concepts 6. p 142 7. p 166 8. p 192 9. p 212 10. p 236 1. Question: What is heredity? What is the study of heredity known as? Answer: a. Heredity is the set of characteristics it receives from parents b. The study of heredity is knows as genetics today. 2. Question: How do organisms inherit traits? Answer: they inherit traits from there parents genes. 3. Contrast or differentiate: Describe phenotype and genotype. Answer: a. phenotype is the from traits b. as genotype is its genetic composition 4. Describe: Segregation in sex cells. Answer: Segregation in sex cells is when the separate from each this ussaully happens when sex cells are formed. 5. Explain: Independent assortment in genes. Answer: Independent assortment genes do not influence each others inheritance. 6. Question: Where are genes located? Answer: Genes are located on chromosomes. 7. Differentiate: Describe haploid and diploid cells Answer: haploid cells contain single set of chromosomes and diploid cells contain double set of chromosomes. 8. Question: What happens to diploid cells during meiosis? Answer: In meiosis the number of chromosomes on a diploid cells are reduced to half. 9. Question: Why does probability apply to genetics? 1 Answer probability applies to genetics because the formation of gametes depends on random events. 10. Question: Why does diversity exist in phenotypes? Answer: diversity exist in phenotypes because many genes have more then one allele or have alleles that are neither dominate or recessive. 11. Question: How is the sex of an individual determined? Answer: By the sex chromosomes that the individual inherits. 12. Differentiate: Male versus female chromosomes. Answer: Females have turn off x chromosomes and male has x chromosomes. 13. Give examples: of disorders carried on sex chromosomes. Answer: a. Turner syndrome b. down syndrome c. klinefelter syndrome 14. Question: What are autosomes? Answer: Autosomes are what genetic disorders are carried on. 15. List: Autosomal genetic disorders Answer: a. Albinism b. Cystic fibrosis c. Tay-Sachs disease. d. sickle cell anemia e. pku f. and Huntington disease 16. Question: What is nondisjunction? Answer: nondisjunction is when a chromosome pair fails to separate during meiosis. 17. Question: How are genetic disorders detected before birth? Answer: a. amniocentesis b. chorionic villus sampling. 2 3