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Ancient Rome: Government and Laws World History Notes Date: ____________ Roman Government’s Three Phases Roman ________________ o 753 to 509 BC How many years is this?________ Roman ________________ o 509 to 27 BC How many years is this?________ Roman ________________ o 27 BC to 476 AD How many years is this?________ *NOTE* Don’t forget the Roman Empire was in existence for so long that the calendar transitions from (B.C./ B.C.E) to (A.D./ C.E.) B.C = Before Christ A.D.= Anno Domini B.C.E= Before Common Era C.E.= Common Era Rome’s Mythical Beginnings: Roman ___________ The road to a Roman Kingdom (753 to 509 BC) begins with the legendary myth of ____________&______________. o Twin boys sent adrift in a basket on the _________________ on the order of their great uncle. o Found and cared for by a ____________ until a shepherd takes them in. o They decide to build a city on the river banks were they were saved, but there is a disagreement on where to build this city. o Romulus kills _________ to build the city of Rome. o Romulus becomes king of Rome. Rome Becomes a _______________ Roman Republic________________B.C. began when the last Roman King, or _________ was overthrown. o Tarquinius was overthrown in 509 BC Roman Republic lasts about 480 years, but eventually dictators start to emerge. o started a civil war by marching his troops into Rome, and he becomes a dictator. Strict Social Classes: ______________ (upper) and _________________ (lower) o Written Laws: __________________________________ The Law of the Twelve Tables The reason for the creation of the laws was to appease the ________________. o In 494 BC, invaders threaten Rome and the Plebeians refuse to ___________ until their rights were expanded. Without the Plebeians there would be no Roman Army to speak of… o In _________B.C. , the Plebeians had the laws written down, and displayed in the Roman Forum. Significance: o The laws do not look like the beliefs of Hammurabi, and everyone is treated fairly under the law. o The laws resemble the U.S. _________________ or the _______________________. Rome Becomes an _________________ The First ____________________ (rule of three men) o Julius Caesar, takes control in 44 BC “_____________________________” o Gnaeus Pompey (Caesar defeats) o Licinius Crassus (dies) Bad news for Caesar… o Many Senators believed Caesar wanted to become ___________, and plotted to kill him. Roman Empire Cont… __________________ Triumvirate o ________________ “Augustus” (Caesar’s heir and adopted son) o Marc Antony (defeated by Octavian) o Lepidus (“retired”) Octavian Augustus becomes Rome’s first _________________. Other lines of emperors included the: o ___________________ and the Flavians o The Good Emperors